EAGLEMAN: THERE'S A LOT OF NOISE IN THIS OPERATING THEATER, EAGLEMAN：该手术室有很多噪音，
BUT I WANT YOU TO LISTEN OUT FOR SOMETHING. 但我想让您听一些。
IN PREPARATION FOR THIS PATIENT'S NEUROSURGERY, 在为该患者的神经外科手术做准备时，
DOCTORS HAVE PUT ELECTRODES INTO HIS BRAIN 医生将电极插入他的大脑
TO RECORD THE ACTIVITY. 记录活动。
THROUGH A SPEAKER, WE CAN HEAR 通过扬声器，我们可以听到
THE FIRING OF INDIVIDUAL NEURONS. 单个神经元的发射。
HE'S AGREED TO HELP ME WITH 他同意帮助我
AN EXPERIMENT ABOUT DECISION MAKING. 关于决策的实验。
OK, CAN YOU TELL ME WHAT YOU'RE SEEING, 好，您能告诉我您正在看什么吗，
SO IT'S VERY SIMPLE. 所以非常简单。
WITHOUT HIM KNOWING IT, 不用他知道
HIS BRAIN WILL DECIDE WHETHER THIS IS A RABBIT OR AN OSTRICH. 他的大脑将决定是兔子还是鸵鸟。
IT COULD BE SEEN AS EITHER. 它可能被视为其他。
WHAT DO YOU SAY? AN OSTRICH? 你说什么？
AS HIS BRAIN COMES TO A DECISION, 当他的大脑决定时，
THERE'S A SUBTLE CHANGE IN THE AUDIO. 音频有细微的变化。
IT'S BURIED IN THAT POP-POP-POP. 它被藏在POP-POP-POP中。
[POPPING] [弹出]
THIS IS THE SOUND OF A DECISION GETTING MADE. 这就是决策的声音。
WE'RE EAVESDROPPING ON SINGLE NEURONS, 我们正在单神经元上
WORKING IN CONCERT WITH BILLIONS OF OTHER NEURONS 与数十亿其他神经元一起工作
TO LAND ON A CHOICE. 选择降落。
THIS IS WHAT EVERY DECISION 这就是每个决定
IN THE HISTORY OF THE HUMAN SPECIES LOOKS LIKE. 在人类物种的历史中看起来很像。
EVERY MARRIAGE PROPOSAL, EVERY DECLARATION OF WAR, 每个婚姻提案，战争声明，
EVERY LEAP OF IMAGINATION, EVERY MISSION WE'VE LAUNCHED, 我们推出了每一个想象力，每一个任务，
EVERY BIT OF HUMAN MAGIC LOOKED JUST LIKE THIS. 就像这一样，每一位人类魔术师都看过。
OUR BRAINS ARE CONSTANTLY MAKING DECISIONS. 我们的大脑不断做出决定。
SOME WE'RE AWARE OF. 我们有些注意。
MOST WE'RE NOT. 我们不是。
DECIPHERING WHAT WE HEAR, OR SEE, OR SMELL. 决定我们听到，看到或听到的内容。
THESE ARE DECISIONS. 这些是决定。
SO IS BEING AFRAID, FALLING IN LOVE, GIVING IN, RESISTING. 恐惧，堕入爱河，屈服于抵抗。
DECISION-MAKING IS WHAT ALLOWS US 决定权就是我们
TO NAVIGATE A COURSE THROUGH LIFE. 贯穿人生的课程。
AND YOUR LIFETIME OF CHOICES HAS SCULPTED YOU INTO 您的终身选择使您陷入困境
THE PERSON YOU ARE RIGHT NOW. 您现在是正确的人。
NO MATTER HOW EASY YOUR DAY SEEMS, 没关系，您一天的工作如何轻松，
YOUR BRAIN IS ALWAYS HARD AT WORK-- 您的大脑总是很难工作-
MAKING CHOICES, WEIGHING UP DIFFERENT OPTIONS. 选择，权衡不同的选择。
AND IT'S OFTEN IN A STATE OF CONFLICT-- 而且经常处于冲突状态
LOCKED IN A GREAT POWER STRUGGLE--WITH ITSELF. 锁定在强大的电源中-本身。
LET ME SHOW YOU WHAT I MEAN. 让我告诉你我的意思。
RIGHT NOW, I HAVE TO MAKE A MOMENTOUS DECISION. 现在，我必须做出重大决定。
MINT FROZEN YOGURT? OR LEMON? 薄荷冻酸奶？
THIS IS SERIOUS BUSINESS-- BECAUSE I LIKE BOTH. 这是一项艰巨的业务-因为我俩都喜欢。
INSIDE MY BRAIN, THIS CHOICE UNLEASHES 在我的大脑中，此选择释放了
A WHIRLWIND OF ACTIVITY. 各种活动。
NEURONS ARE WILDLY GETTING IN TOUCH WITH ONE ANOTHER. 神经元正彼此缠结。
THEY'RE FORMING COMPETING NETWORKS. 他们正在形成竞争网络。
ONE FAVORS THE ZING OF THE ZESTY LEMON, 一个人喜欢《柠檬味的兴盛》，
THE OTHER THE FRESHNESS OF THE MINT. 其他薄荷味。
WHEN I FINALLY GO FOR THE LEMON, 当我最终选择柠檬时
I HAVE NO REAL IDEA WHY I CHOSE IT. 我没有选择它的真正想法。
BUT IF I COULD SEE UNDER THE HOOD, I WOULD FIND THAT 但是，如果我需要看的话，我会发现的
THE LEMON NETWORK HAS FOUGHT HARDER AND WON, 柠檬网络已经困难重重，
SQUELCHING MY MINT NETWORK. 压缩我的薄荷网络。
AND IT'S NOT JUST MINT VERSUS LEMON. 而且这不仅仅是薄荷味柠檬味。
I'M WONDERING WHETHER TO EAT THIS YOGURT AT ALL, 我很想吃不吃酸奶
BECAUSE PART OF ME WANTS IT BUT 因为我的一部分想要但是
PART OF ME KNOWS THAT IT'S FATTENING. 我的一部分知道这很令人讨厌。
AND IT'S BECAUSE OF THIS SORT OF CONFLICT 这是因为这种冲突的根源
THAT WE CAN GET ANGRY AT OURSELVES 我们可以让自己生气
AND CUSS AT OURSELVES AND CAJOLE OURSELVES. 和我们自己和cajole我们的成本。
WHO'S TALKING WITH WHOM EXACTLY? 世卫组织正与谁聊天？
IT'S ALL YOU, RIGHT? 就这些，对吧？
BUT IT'S DIFFERENT PARTS OF YOU. 但它是您的不同部分。
THESE RIVALRIES ARE WITH US IN EVERY DECISION THAT WE MAKE. 在我们做出的每个决定中，这些要求与我们同在。
THEY'RE USUALLY SO EASILY RESOLVED 他们通常很容易解决
THAT WE'RE UNAWARE OF THEM. 我们不知道他们是什么。
BUT IN SOME SITUATIONS, THEY SHOW THEMSELVES. 但在某些情况下，它们会显示自己。
WE CAN FEEL THE TUG OF DIFFERENT NETWORKS. 我们可以感觉到不同的网络。
I'LL SHOW YOU WHAT I MEAN--IF I CAN FIND A WILLING VOLUNTEER. 我会告诉你我的意思-如果我能找到一名自愿的志愿者。
EXCUSE ME, DO YOU WANT TO PARTICIPATE IN AN EXPERIMENT? 打扰一下，您想参加一项实验吗？
I DON'T THINK SO. OK. [LAUGHS] 我不这样认为。
EXCUSE ME, DO YOU GUYS WANT 打扰一下，您是否想
TO PARTICIPATE IN AN EXPERIMENT? 参加实验？
THIS WILL ONLY TAKE 30 SECONDS. 这仅需30秒。
SORRY, WE'RE LATE. OK. OK. 抱歉，我们迟到了。
WOULD YOU PARTICIPATE IN AN EXPERIMENT FOR 30 SECONDS? 您是否会参加30秒的实验？
OK. OK, SO HERE'S WHAT YOU'RE GONNA DO. 好。
PUT YOUR HANDS OUT. OK. 伸出您的双手。
AND I'M GOING TO ASK YOU TO NAME THE COLOR OF THE INK. 我想请您说出墨水的颜色。
OK, SO WHAT COLOR IS THAT INK? 好，那是什么颜色的墨水？
RED. GOOD. OK. 红。
WHAT COLOR IS THAT INK? BLUE. 墨水是什么颜色？
EAGLEMAN: THIS IS A PRETTY EASY TASK. EAGLEMAN：这是一个简单的任务。
RED. BLUE. 红。
EAGLEMAN: BUT INTRODUCE A CONFLICT...BETWEEN EAGLEMAN：但引入冲突...
THE WORD AND THE COLOR OF THE INK, AND THE SITUATION CHANGES. 墨水的单词和颜色以及情况的变化。
BLUE...YELLOW...ORANGE... 蓝色...黄色...橙色...
ORANGE...BLUE... GREEN..., UH, BLUE. 橙色...蓝色...绿色...，呃，蓝色。
OK. 好。
ORANGE...GREEN... BLUE...RED... 橙色...绿色...蓝色...红色...
ORANGE...BLUE... GREEN... 橙色...蓝色...绿色...
[LAUGHTER] [笑声]
I HAD TO CLOSE MY EYES! 我不得不闭上眼睛！
YEAH, I SAW THAT. 是的，我看到了。
EAGLEMAN: IT'S HARD BECAUSE OF RIVALRIES EAGLEMAN：这很困难
PLAYING OUT INSIDE THE BRAIN. 在脑中发挥作用。
ONE NETWORK IS INVOLVED IN NAMING COLORS, 一个网络涉及到命名颜色，
ANOTHER HAS A LIFETIME OF TRAINING IN READING WORDS. 另一个人一生都在阅读单词方面接受培训。
RED...BLUE. 红蓝。
EAGLEMAN: WITH BOTH NETWORKS BATTLING IT OUT, EAGLEMAN：两个网络都在为之奋斗，
YOU CAN DIRECTLY EXPERIENCE THE CONFLICT. 您可以直接体验冲突。
TO GET THE RIGHT ANSWER, YOU HAVE TO ACTIVELY SUPPRESS 要获得正确的答案，您必须主动压制
THE WORD READING TO NAME THE COLOR. 读单词来命名颜色。
THERE ARE OCCASIONS WHEN RIVAL NETWORKS CAN'T BE RECONCILED, 有时无法识别RIVAL网络，
AND THOSE OFFER A SPECIAL INSIGHT. 并且提供特殊见识。
IN THIS RARE FOOTAGE, WE CAN SEE CONFLICT 在这种稀有的脚步中，我们可以看到冲突
IN THE BRAIN EXPRESSING ITSELF IN THE BODY. 在身体表达自我的大脑中。
PSYCHOLOGIST MATT ROSER IS A SPECIALIST 心理学家马特罗斯是专家
IN A CONDITION KNOWN AS ALIEN HAND SYNDROME. 在被称为外星人综合症的情况下。
THIS IS A RARE SIDE-EFFECT OF A SPLIT BRAIN SURGERY 这是脑裂手术的罕见副作用
WHICH IS SOMETIMES USED TO TREAT EPILEPSY. 有时用于治疗癫痫。
ROSER: A SPLIT BRAIN SURGERY IS THE DISCONNECTION OF ROSER：分脑外科手术是与
THE TWO HEMISPHERES OF THE BRAIN, 脑的两个半球
THE TWO HALVES OF THE BRAIN. 脑的两个一半。
BY CUTTING THE BRAIN IN HALF, YOU CONTROL THE EPILEPSY BETTER. 通过将大脑切成两半，您可以更好地控制癫痫。
EAGLEMAN: IN THIS PATIENT, IT HAS FURTHER, EAGLEMAN：在此患者中，
DISTURBING CONSEQUENCES. 干扰后果。
IT AFFECTS ALL HER MOTOR SKILLS, 它会影响她的所有电机技术，
PARTICULARLY THE MOVEMENT OF HER HANDS. 特别是她的手的运动。
SHE CAN DO WHAT THE DOCTOR ASKS WITH ONE HALF OF HER BODY... 她可以用一半的身体做医生的询问...
MAN: CAN YOU LIFT YOUR HANDS UP IN THE AIR? 男人：您能在空中抬起双手吗？
EAGLEMAN: BUT SHE HAS NO CONSCIOUS CONTROL EAGLEMAN：但是她没有有效控制
OF THE OTHER HALF. 另一半。
CAN YOU GIVE ME A THUMBS UP WITH THIS HAND? 您能帮我这个忙吗？
GIVE ME A THUMBS UP. 给我一个大拇指。
SHOW ME THE INDEX FINGER OF YOUR... 向我显示您的指数指...
EAGLEMAN: HER RIGHT BRAIN TAKES CONTROL OF HER LEFT HAND EAGLEMAN：她的右脑控制了她的左手
AND FIGHTS FOR ATTENTION. 和注意的战斗。
WHAT'S GOING ON? TELL US WHAT'S GOING ON. 这是怎么回事？
CAN YOU SHOW ME YOUR PINKY? 您能告诉我您的身材吗？
OK, GOOD. 好，好
CAN YOU TAKE YOUR PINKY AND TOUCH YOUR FOREHEAD, PLEASE? 请您拿一下您的额头并抚摸您的额头吗？
ROSER: THE HAND JUST DOESN'T RESPOND TO COMMANDS, 罗斯：手只是不回应命令，
IT SEEMS TO HAVE A WILL OF ITS OWN. 它拥有自己的一切。
BECAUSE NOW THERE ARE ALMOST LIKE 因为现在几乎像
TWO HALF-PATIENTS INSIDE ONE BODY. 一个身体内部有两个半病人。
MAN: CAN YOU SHOW ME YOUR THUMB? 男人：你能告诉我你的拇指吗？
SHOW ME YOUR THUMB. 告诉我你的拇指。
EAGLEMAN: FOR THIS PATIENT, HER ALIEN HAND SYNDROME EAGLEMAN：对于该患者，她的外星人综合症
WAS EVENTUALLY BROUGHT UNDER CONTROL. 在控制之下可能发生了故障。
WOMAN: [INDISTINCT] YEAH, I CAN'T STOP IT. 女人：[直言]是的，我无法阻止它。
EAGLEMAN: BUT THE DISORDER REVEALS SOMETHING EAGLEMAN：但疾病透露出来的东西
THAT'S NORMALLY HIDDEN, 通常是隐藏的
GIVING US A WINDOW INTO THE STRUGGLE 让我们陷入困境
THAT'S WAGED INSIDE OUR HEADS EVERY DAY. 每天都在我们的脑海中挣扎。
MAN: CAN YOU SHOW ME...CAN YOU SHOW ME YOUR THUMB? 男人：你可以告诉我...你可以告诉我你的拇指吗？
SHOW ME YOUR THUMB. 告诉我你的拇指。
EAGLEMAN: IN THE BUSINESS OF DECISION-MAKING, EAGLEMAN：在决策方面，
TWO BIG SYSTEMS THAT OFTEN COME INTO CONFLICT 经常发生冲突的两种大系统
ARE THOSE WE CAN SUMMARIZE AS REASON AND EMOTION. 这些都是原因和情感的总和。
THESE SYSTEMS WORK TOGETHER, SO WE'RE GENERALLY NOT AWARE THAT 这些系统协同工作，所以我们根本不知道
MORE THAN ONE THING STEERS OUR DECISIONS. 一个以上的事物会影响我们的决策。
BUT SOME SITUATIONS CAN TEASE THEM APART. 但是某些情况可以使他们开心。
CONSIDER THE TROLLEY DILEMMA. 考虑手推车困境。
EAGLEMAN: HI. WOMAN: HI. EAGLEMAN：嗨。
I'D LIKE TO INVITE YOU TO STEP INTO THIS BOOTH HERE, 我想邀请您进入这里，
AND WE'RE GONNA SHOW YOU A VIDEO 而且我们是Gonna展示您的视频
AND JUST ASK YOU A QUESTION ABOUT WHAT YOU WOULD 并就您的需求向您提问
DO IN THIS SORT OF SCENARIO. OK. 在这种情景下做。
EAGLEMAN: YOU SEE A TRAIN TROLLEY WHOSE BRAKES ARE BROKEN. EAGLEMAN：您发现火车刹车被打破了。
IT'S BARRELING DOWN THE TRACK OUT OF CONTROL. 它阻止了失控的步伐。
IN ITS PATH, YOU SEE 4 WORKERS. 在它的道路上，您可以看到4名工人。
THEY'RE TOO FAR AWAY TO WARN, BUT IF YOU DON'T DO SOMETHING, 他们太遥不可及，但如果您不做任何事情，
THEY FACE CERTAIN DEATH. 他们的某些死亡。
THEN YOU SEE A LEVER. 然后，您会看到杠杆。
IF YOU PULL IT, YOU'LL DIVERT THE TROLLEY ONTO ANOTHER TRACK 如果您拉动它，则会将手推车转移到另一个轨道上
AND THOSE 4 WORKMEN WILL BE SAVED. 并且这4名工人将被保存。
BUT HERE'S THE THING: ANOTHER MAN 但这里是东西：另一个男人
IS WORKING ON THE OTHER TRACK. 正在其他轨道上工作。
IF YOU PULL THE LEVER, HE WILL DEFINITELY DIE. 如果您拉杆，他一定会死。
SO DO YOU PULL THE LEVER? 那你拉杆吗？
PROBABLY NOW. 现在可能。
OK, DID YOU PULL THE LEVER? 好吧，您拉杆了吗？
I PULLED THE LEVER. OK. GREAT. 我按了杠杆。
NOW HERE COMES SCENARIO TWO. 现在出现两种情况。
THERE'S ONE MORE SCENARIO HERE. 这里有一个以上的场景。
OK, GREAT-- HERE WE GO. 好，太好了-我们到这里了。
EAGLEMAN: THIS TIME, THE DILEMMA IS SLIGHTLY DIFFERENT. EAGLEMAN：这次，困境有所不同。
THERE ARE STILL 4 WORKERS IN THE PATH 道路上还有4名工人
OF THE OUT-OF-CONTROL TROLLEY. 失去控制的手推车。
BUT NOW THERE'S NO LEVER... 但是现在没有杠杆...
NO WAY TO DIVERT THE TROLLEY. 没有办法转移手推车。
INSTEAD, THERE IS A LARGE MAN 换了个大个子
STANDING ON A WATER TOWER NEXT TO THE TRACK. 站在轨道旁的水塔上。
PUSH HIM OFF, INTO THE TROLLEY'S PATH, 推开他，走上​​小车的小路，
AND HIS WEIGHT WILL BE ENOUGH TO STOP THE TROLLEY. 并且其重量将足以停止手推车。
YOU'LL BE SACRIFICING ONE TO SAVE THE OTHERS. 您会牺牲一个来保存其他人。
SO DO YOU PUSH THE MAN? 那你按那个人吗？
OK, DID YOU PUSH THE MAN OFF? 好的，您将男人推开了吗？
ABSOLUTELY NOT. 绝对不。
OK, WHAT DID YOU DO IN THE FIRST SCENARIO? 好的，您在第一个场景中做了什么？
DID YOU PULL THE LEVER? 您拉杆了吗？
I PULLED THE LEVER. 我按了杠杆。
BECAUSE IT'S TRADING ONE LIFE FOR 4 LIVES, RIGHT? 因为这将使他终身维持4条生命，对不对？
SO WHAT'S THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE TWO SCENARIOS? 那么两个场景之间有什么区别？
THE PHYSICAL CONTACT OF CAUSING DEATH-- 导致死亡的身体接触-
EVEN THOUGH I CAN SEE WHERE THEY WERE THE SAME THING, 即使我能看到它们都是一样的东西，
THEY WOULD HAVE THE SAME RESULT-- 他们将有同样的结果-
MY GUT FEELING WAS... WAS AVERSE TO THAT. 我的直觉是...避免了。
EAGLEMAN: EVERYONE I ASK MAKES THE SAME CHOICE. EAGLEMAN：我问的每个人都做同样的选择。
THEY'LL PULL THE LEVER, BUT THEY WON'T PUSH THE MAN. 他们会拉杆，但不会推人。
NO. EAGLEMAN: OK. [LAUGHS] 没有。
EAGLEMAN: IT'S THE SAME ETHICAL DILEMMA IN BOTH CASES. EAGLEMAN：在两种情况下都是相同的道德困境。
WOULD YOU TRADE ONE LIFE FOR 4? 您是否会终身经营4个？
IN THE FIRST SCENARIO, IT'S JUST A MATH PROBLEM. 在第一个场景中，这只是一个数学问题。
IN THE SECOND ONE, YOU HAVE TO 在第二个中，您必须
PHYSICALLY INTERACT WITH THE MAN, 与人身体互动，
PUSH HIM TO HIS DEATH, AND THAT RECRUITS 将他推向死亡，并招募新成员
OTHER NETWORKS IN THE BRAIN INVOLVED IN EMOTION. 大脑中涉及情绪的其他网络。
SO WHAT'S GOING ON BEHIND THE SCENES? 那么幕后发生了什么？
THE CONFLICT IS BEING PLAYED OUT ACROSS THE BRAIN. 冲突正在整个大脑中展开。
AT FIRST, THE LOGIC SYSTEM DOMINATES, 首先，逻辑系统决定了
BUT INTRODUCE THE IDEA OF KILLING A MAN WITH YOUR BARE HANDS 但是介绍与裸手杀死男人的想法
AND THE EMOTION SYSTEM COMES ONLINE, TIPPING THE BALANCE. 且该运动系统在线上实现了平衡。
YOU'RE CAUGHT BETWEEN COMPETING DRIVES, WITH THE RESULT THAT 您在竞争驱动器之间，结果
YOUR DECISION CAN CHANGE ENTIRELY. 您的决定可以完全改变。
THE TROLLEY DILEMMA SHEDS LIGHT ON REAL-WORLD SITUATIONS. TROLLEY DILEMMA拒绝了现实世界的情况。
THINK ABOUT MODERN WARFARE. 关于现代战争的思考。
WHEN YOU LAUNCH A LONG-RANGE MISSILE OR PILOT A DRONE 当您发射远程导弹或驾驶无人机时
OR PROGRAM A CYBER ATTACK, 或编写网络攻击，
THESE CAUSE DAMAGE AT A DISTANCE. 造成这些损坏的原因。
THE RATIONAL NETWORKS ARE AT WORK, 理性网络正在发挥作用，
BUT NOT NECESSARILY THE EMOTIONAL NETWORKS. 但不一定需要情感网络。
DETACHMENT REDUCES INTERNAL CONFLICT. 分离减少内部冲突。
IT'S MORE LIKE PULLING THE LEVER THAN PUSHING THE MAN. 比推人更像拉杆。
WAR IS EASIER TO WAGE AT A DISTANCE. 战争很容易发动。
IF WE'RE CAPABLE OF BYPASSING OUR EMOTIONAL SYSTEMS, 如果我们有能力超越我们的情感系统，
WHY DO WE HAVE THEM AT ALL? 我们为什么要拥有它们？
SO OFTEN IN NEUROSCIENCE, WE LEARN MOST ABOUT THE BRAIN 在神经科学中如此频繁，我们在脑中学到最多
WHEN THINGS GO WRONG. 出现错误时。
FOR TWO DECADES, TAMMIE MYERS HAD 达米丝·迈尔斯（TAMMIE MYERS HAD）十年来
A SUCCESSFUL CAREER AS AN ENGINEER AND A HAPPY MARRIAGE. 作为工程师的成功职业和幸福的婚姻。
THEN, TWO YEARS AGO, THERE WAS AN ACCIDENT. 然后，两年前，发生了事故。
TAMMIE: THAT MORNING WE GOT UP AND RODE ABOUT AN HOUR. 达米：那是早上，我们整整走了一条小时。
FROM WHAT MY FRIENDS TELL ME, 从我的朋友告诉我的事情中，
WE WENT INTO A 90-DEGREE TURN THAT WAS NOT MARKED. 我们进入了90度的转弯（未标记）。
AND, UM, TRIED EVERYTHING WE COULD TO GET AROUND THE TURN. 而且，嗯，我们竭尽所能地应对一切。
THE BIKE WENT DOWN. 自行车停了下来。
FROM THERE I DON'T REMEMBER ANYTHING. 从那里我什么都不记得。
EAGLEMAN: TAMMIE RECOVERED FROM THE CRASH, EAGLEMAN：TAMMIE从崩溃中恢复过来，
BUT ONE PROBLEM REMAINED. 但仅剩一个问题。
WE'RE GONNA NEED 4, 'CAUSE IT'S... 我们需要GONNA 4，'原因吧...
SHE NOW STRUGGLES TO MAKE EVEN THE SIMPLEST DECISIONS. 现在，她努力做出最简单的决定。
TAMMIE: I DON'T-- I DON'T-- TAMMIE：我不-我不-
I DON'T-- I DON'T CARE. 我不-我不在乎。
I'M GOING TO START CRYING. 我要开始哭了。
I DON'T WANT TO CRY. 我不想哭。
BUT THERE'S TOO MANY THINGS IN THERE. 但是里面有太多东西。
MAN: THERE'S GOOD DAYS AND THERE'S BAD DAYS-- 男人：好日子和坏日子-
AND YOU DON'T NECESSARILY KNOW WHAT DAY IT'S GONNA BE 而且您不必知道今天是一天了
WHEN YOU WAKE UP IN THE MORNING. 当您在早晨醒来时。
YOU KNOW, I'M WAITING FOR THE DAY THAT... 您知道，我正在等待这一天...
WATER, 2 CUPS. 水，2杯。
YOU KNOW, THAT SHE'S NORMAL. 您知道，那是正常的。
[SNIFFS] I CAN'T MAKE ANY... IT'S TOO MANY THINGS [SNIFFS]我什么也做不了...太多了
FOR MY BRAIN TO PROCESS THAT'S JUST ABSOLUTELY STUPID. 对于我的大脑来说，这绝对是愚蠢的。
[SNIFFLES] [嗅探]
EAGLEMAN: TAMMIE'S BRAIN DAMAGE IS IN THE PRE-FRONTAL CORTEX. EAGLEMAN：TAMMIE的脑损伤位于前皮质。
HER LOGIC AND EMOTION SYSTEMS HAVE BECOME DISCONNECTED. 她的逻辑和情绪系统已断开连接。
THEY'RE STILL WORKING-- BUT HER EMOTIONS ARE 他们仍然在努力-但她的情绪仍在
NO LONGER LINKED TO HER INTELLECT. 不再与她的智力有关。
TAMMIE'S INJURY REVEALS THAT TAMMIE的伤害显示
EVEN IN THE MOST BASIC SITUATIONS, 即使在最基本的情况下，
EMOTION IS A NECESSARY COMPONENT OF DECISION-MAKING. 情绪是决策的必要组成部分。
TO UNDERSTAND THE DAMAGE, TAMMIE'S NEUROLOGIST DR. ESLINGER 为了了解损害，塔米的神经病学博士。
HAS BROUGHT HER HERE TO THE GROCERY STORE. 已将她带到杂货店。
...TO DRAPE THEM OVER THE HAM. ...把它们放在火腿上
ESLINGER: TAMMIE STILL EXPERIENCES ESLINGER：TAMMIE仍然有经验
SOME LEVEL OF EMOTIONAL EXPRESSION. 情绪表达的某些水平。
IT'S JUST THAT IT'S VERY KIND OF ELEMENTARY IN A WAY 只是某种意义上的基本知识
AND IT'S NOT LINKED INTO THE LOGICAL SYSTEM. 并且它没有链接到逻辑系统。
I DON'T UNDERSTAND WHAT THE DIFFERENCE IS 我不了解区别是什么
OF ALL THESE THINGS. 所有这些事情。
RIGHT, IF I FORGET THINGS, I'LL GET MY HUSBAND TO PICK THEM UP, 'CAUSE... 是的，如果我忘记了事情，我会叫我的丈夫来接他们，因为
EAGLEMAN: ESLINGER WANTS TO SEE HOW TAMMY COPES WITH EAGLEMAN：ESLINGER希望了解如何处理Tammy
THE MOST BASIC OF CHOICES-- WHAT SHOULD SHE BUY FOR DINNER? 选择的最基本原则-她应该为晚餐买什么？
SO HERE YOU HAVE SOME CHOICES. 因此，您在这里有一些选择。
HOW DO YOU DECIDE WHAT IT IS YOU WOULD LIKE? 您如何确定自己会喜欢什么？
UM, I JUST LOOK 嗯，我只是看
AT DIFFERENT THINGS THAT ARE HERE 在这里有不同的事情
AND THE DIFFERENT PRICES, 和不同的价格
AND, UH, 和，呃，
I DON'T WANT BIG POTATOES. 我不要大土豆。
I'D PROBABLY JUST PICK UP A BAG OF, LIKE... 我大概会捡起一个袋子，就像...
MAYBE THE GOLD POTATOES OR... 也许是金土豆还是...
ESLINGER: SHE WAS TAKING IN THE INFORMATION ACCURATELY ESLINGER：SHE正在准确地获取信息
ABOUT WHAT SHE WAS SEEING AND THE FACT THERE WAS COST 关于她在看什么，事实是有成本的
AND THERE WAS SIZE AND COLOR. 并且有大小和颜色。
SO HER BRAIN WAS PROCESSING ALL THE LOGICAL INFORMATION 因此她的大脑正在处理所有逻辑信息
BUT THE EMOTION SYSTEM WASN'T COMING INTO PLAY, 但是情绪系统无法发挥作用，
LINKING TO THAT LOGIC SYSTEM. 链接到该逻辑系统。
THERE IS SO MANY. 有很多。
WHY DO YOU NEED SO MANY POTATOES? 为什么需要那么多土豆？
THAT'S RIGHT. 那就对了。
MY CHEST IS ALL TIGHT, THINKING ABOUT ALL THIS. 我的胸部紧绷，想着所有这些。
WELL, WHY IS THAT? 好吧，为什么呢？
BECAUSE IT'S STRESS, IT'S A DECISION, 因为这是压力，是决定，
IT'S, UM--THERE'S A LOT OF STUFF LAYING HERE. 是，嗯-这里堆满了很多东西。
ESLINGER: TAMMIE QUICKLY BECAME OVERWHELMED WITH INFORMATION ESLINGER：TAMMIE很快就被信息淹没了
THAT SHE COULDN'T PRIORITIZE. 她无法优先考虑。
THE ROUTE THAT SHE TOOK WAS, 她走的路线是
"WELL, LET ME TAKE THAT ONE AND GET OUT OF HERE." “好吧，让我采取行动，然后离开这里。”
I CAN'T PROCESS THE INFORMATION. 我无法处理该信息。
IT'S TOO MUCH. 太多了。
NOW, WAS THAT TRUE BEFORE YOUR ACCIDENT? 现在，在您遇到事故之前，这是真的吗？
NO, NO. I WAS AN ENGINEER. 不，不。
I COULD DO EVERYTHING, BUT NOW I CAN'T, 我可以做任何事情，但现在我做不到，
CAN'T PICK A HAM, LET ALONE... MAKE 10 DECISIONS 不能挑火腿，让我们一个人...做出10个决定
AT WORK WITHIN THE NEXT HOUR... 在接下来的几小时内工作...
10 DECISIONS MAYBE IN THE WEEK. 本周可能有10个决定。
EAGLEMAN: THE SITUATION MAKES TAMMIE STRESSED EAGLEMAN：形势使塔米感到压力重重
BUT SHE CAN'T MAKE HERSELF CARE ABOUT HER CHOICES. 但是她不能自行选择照顾自己的人。
TO MAKE A DECISION, SHE NEEDS TO SOMEHOW 要做出决定，她需要做些什么
VALUE ONE OPTION OVER ANOTHER. 比其他选择更有价值。
IT'S A LOT OF INFORMATION TO PROCESS. 这是很多要处理的信息。
THAT'S WHAT IT IS... 那是什么...
EAGLEMAN: AND THAT CAN ONLY BE DONE WITH EAGLEMAN：只有这样才能做到
THE HELP OF THE EMOTIONS. 情绪的帮助。
TAMMIE: IT'S INFORMATION THAT YOU HAVE TO PUT TAMMIE：您必须输入的信息
INTO YOUR HEAD, I GUESS... 我猜到你的头...
ESLINGER: THE LOGICAL BRAIN SYSTEM STILL IS VERY STRONG ESLINGER：逻辑脑系统仍然非常强大
AND WE WANT TO FORCE IT TO TAP INTO THE EMOTION SYSTEM. 并且我们要强制将其应用到情绪系统中。
SO ONE OF THE THINGS WE DO DAY TO DAY 因此，我们每天要做的一件事情
IS WE DISCARD THINGS THAT ARE NOT SO IMPORTANT. 我们是否忽略了不太重要的事情？
AND SOMETIMES IT'S OUR EMOTIONS THAT 有时候这是我们的情感
HELP US DO THAT SEPARATION. 帮助我们做到这一点。
BY HAVING THAT LOGICAL BRAIN SYSTEM WORK ON THE PROCESS, 通过使逻辑大脑系统在该过程中起作用，
WE MAY BE ABLE TO BREAK THROUGH 我们也许可以突破
AT LEAST IN SOME WAYS TO RECONNECT THOSE. 至少以某些方式重新连接这些。
I--I...I JUST SIT... 我-我...我就坐...
TAMMIE: I DON'T KNOW WHAT TOMORROW IS-- TAMMIE：我不知道明天是什么-
AM I GONNA BE BETTER, AM I GONNA BE WORSE? 我会更好吗，我会感到更糟吗？
ESLINGER: YEAH. 艾斯林格：是的。
IT SEEMS LIKE THE PIECES OF THE PUZZLE 它就像拼图的碎片
COULD BE COMING TOGETHER IN A GRADUAL FASHION, 可能会一起流行
BUT IT'S REALLY SLOW--AS FAR AS 但是它真的很慢-远不及
MY PAST BEING WOULD HAVE ACCEPTED. 我的过去将被接受。
EAGLEMAN: TAMMIE'S STORY SHOWS HOW IMPORTANT EAGLEMAN：TAMMIE的故事显示了重要的
EMOTIONS ARE IN MAKING DECISIONS. 动机在于决策。
BUT HERE'S THE THING. 但是，这就是事情。
EMOTIONS DON'T JUST HAPPEN INSIDE THE BRAIN. 大脑中不会发生情绪。
OUR EMOTIONAL SYSTEMS INTERACT WITH THE REST OF OUR PHYSIOLOGY. 我们的情绪系统与我们的其余生理相互作用。
WHEN WE'RE FACED WITH CHOICES, OUR MUSCLES IMPERCEPTIBLY TENSE, 当我们面对选择时，我们的肌肉会发生不可预知的时态，
OUR HORMONE LEVELS FLUCTUATE. 我们的激素水平波动。
THESE ARE AUTOMATIC, PHYSICAL REACTIONS--GUT FEELINGS. 这些是自动的物理反应-肠道感觉。
AND WE NEED THEM. 我们需要他们。
I'M TRYING TO DECIDE WHAT KIND OF SOUP I WANT, 我想确定我想吃哪种汤，
BUT IT'S A REALLY DIFFICULT CHOICE. 但是这是一个非常困难的选择。
THERE ARE SO MANY DETAILS FOR MY BRAIN TO COMPUTE. 我的大脑需要计算的细节很多。
THERE IS CALORIES AND PRICE AND TASTE AND SALT AND PACKAGING. 有卡路里，价格，口味，盐和包装。
THERE ARE A MILLION DETAILS HERE, 这里有百万细节
AND I'M GONNA BE PARALYZED ALL DAY 我全天都瘫痪了
UNDER THIS MOUNTAIN OF DATA, SO WHAT I REALLY NEED IS 在此数据山下，我真正需要的是
SOME SORT OF SUMMARY, A QUICK READ, 一些摘要，快速阅读，
AND THAT'S WHAT THE PHYSIOLOGIC STATES OF MY BODY GIVE ME. 这就是我身体的生理状态。
IT ALLOWS ME TO PUT A VALUE ON THIS CHOICE 它使我能够在此选择上投入价值
AND A VALUE ON THAT CHOICE 和选择的价值
AND THAT'S WHAT ALLOWS ME TO MAKE THE DECISION. 这就是我做出决定的原因。
THIS CONVERSATION BETWEEN THE BODY AND THE BRAIN NEVER STOPS. 身体和大脑之间的这种对话永远不会停止。
BUT IT REALLY COMES TO THE FORE 但它真的走到了前台
WHEN WE'RE STRESSED OR IN DANGER. 当我们感到压力或处于危险中时。
TAKE THIS SITUATION. 采取这种情况。
BEFORE I THINK RATIONALLY ABOUT WHAT'S GOING ON, 在我对发生的事情进行理性的思考之前，
I REACT PHYSICALLY. 我身体反应。
MY SWEAT GLANDS OPEN... 我的汗腺打开...
MY HEART RATE INCREASES... 我的心律增加...
MY PUPILS DILATE. 我的学生膨胀。
MY BODY'S SCREAMING A SIMPLE MESSAGE... 我的身体正在发送简单的消息...
[TIRES SCREECH] [轮胎搜寻]
"GET ME OUT OF HERE!" “带我离开这里！”
EVERY DAY, WE EXPERIENCE EMOTIONAL STATES LIKE THIS 每天，我们都会像这样体验情绪状态
BUT BECAUSE THEY'RE MOSTLY SUBTLE AND UNCONSCIOUS, 但是，因为它们大多是微妙而无聊的，
WE'RE NOT TYPICALLY AWARE OF THEM. 我们通常不知道它们。
BUT IT TURNS OUT THESE STATES ARE CRUCIAL FOR NAVIGATING 但事实证明，这些状态对于导航至关重要
ALL THE DECISIONS IN OUR LIFE. 我们生活中的所有决定。
MOST OF US TEND TO DISTRUST DECISIONS BASED ON FEELINGS, 在美国，大多数人倾向于根据感觉做出决定，
RATHER THAN INTELLECT. 比智力更好。
SO IT CAN BE SURPRISING TO LEARN 所以可能会令人惊讶
JUST HOW MUCH INSIGHT FEELINGS CAN GIVE US. 请问有多少见识可以给我们。
RICHARD TUNNEY IS AN EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGIST. 理查德·塔尼（Richard Tunney）是一名实验心理学家。
HE STUDIES THE FORMATION OF UNCONSCIOUS DECISIONS. 他研究不确定决定的形成。
JUST GONNA CONNECT THESE ELECTRODES... 刚纳连接这些电极...
HE'S RUNNING AN EXPERIMENT KNOWN AS THE IOWA GAMBLING TASK. 他正在开展一项称为IOWA赌博任务的实验。
TUNNEY: I NEED YOU TO KEEP YOUR HANDS STILL 蒂尼：我需要你保持双手
'CAUSE THAT WILL AFFECT THE MEASUREMENTS THAT WE MAKE. 因为这会影响我们所做的测量。
EAGLEMAN: A VOLUNTEER CHOOSES TO DRAW A CARD FROM ONE OF 4 DECKS. EAGLEMAN：自愿者选择从4张卡中的一张抽取卡。
EACH TIME SHE DRAWS A CARD, 每次她抽卡
SHE WINS SOME AMOUNT OF MONEY AND SHE LOSES SOME. 她赢了一些钱，她亏了一些。
HER TASK IS TO EARN AS MUCH AS POSSIBLE. 她的任务尽可能多地获得。
AS SHE PLAYS, SHE'S HOOKED UP TO A MACHINE 在SHE播放时，SHE被吊在机器上
SIMILAR TO A LIE DETECTOR. 类似于测谎仪。
IT MONITORS TINY CHANGES IN THE SWEAT GLANDS IN HER SKIN. 它的监视器在她皮肤的腺体中微小变化。
WHAT SHE DOESN'T KNOW IS THAT 她不知道是什么
THE DECKS ARE NOT RANDOM BUT RIGGED. 甲板不是随机的。
IF SHE KEEPS CHOOSING FROM DECKS A AND C, 如果她继续从A档和C档中进行选择，
SHE'LL END UP MAKING THE MOST MONEY. 舍不得赚大钱。
THE QUESTION IS, HOW LONG BEFORE SHE FIGURES THAT OUT? 问题是，在她指出之前要多久？
TUNNEY: THE PARTICIPANT WILL EXPLORE THE DECKS TUNNEY：参与者将探索甲板
IN THE FIRST INSTANCE AND THEY'LL CHOOSE FROM ALL 4 DECKS, 在第一个实例中，并从所有4个图层中选择
BUT DOESN'T REALLY BEGIN TO CHOOSE FROM THE GOOD DECKS 但是并不是真的要从好货中选择
CONSCIOUSLY UNTIL THEY'RE IN THE REGION OF 20-30 CARDS. 直到他们在20-30张卡片的区域内。
EAGLEMAN: BUT HERE'S THE THING: THE MONITOR INDICATES THAT EAGLEMAN：但是这里是事情：监视器表明了这一点
VOLUNTEERS FIGURE OUT WHICH DECKS 自愿者想出哪种装饰
ARE GOOD AND BAD MUCH EARLIER. 早且好。
AFTER ONLY 10 TRIES, THERE IS A SPIKE OF ACTIVITY-- 仅进行了10次尝试，就发现了一些活动-
A WARNING SIGN--WHENEVER SHE REACHES FOR THE BAD DECKS. 警告标志-每当她到达坏甲板时。
SHE DOESN'T REALIZE IT, BUT THAT'S THE BEGINNINGS 她没有意识到，但这是开始
OF A HUNCH--AN UNDERSTANDING THAT HER BODY REGISTERS 的身体-了解她的身体寄存器
BEFORE HER CONSCIOUS MIND. 在她有意识的头脑之前。
TUNNEY: WHAT WE'RE SEEING HERE IS WE'RE SEEING SOME TUNNEY：我们在这里看到的是一些
PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE PRIOR TO MAKING THE DECISION. 做出决定之前的生理反应。
THIS SPIKE HERE IN EFFECT PREDICTS THE CHOICE 这种钉在这里有效地预测了选择
THE PARTICIPANT IS GOING TO MAKE. 参加者即将到来。
EAGLEMAN: AS HER HUNCH GROWS STRONGER, SHE MARRIES LOGIC EAGLEMAN：随着她的成长变得越来越强大，SHE结婚了
TO WHAT HER BODY'S BEEN TELLING HER-- 对她的身体打电话给她-
WHICH DECKS TO DRAW FROM AND WHICH TO AVOID. 拒绝提取和撤回的内容。
OK, ELENA, CAN I STOP YOU THERE FOR A MOMENT 好了，埃琳娜，我可以停一会儿
AND CAN I ASK YOU IF YOU HAD TO CHOOSE 如果需要选择，我可以问您吗
ANY ONE OF THOSE 4 DECKS FOR THE REST OF THE EXPERIMENT, 除此以外的任何4项实验中的任何一项，
WHICH ONE WOULD YOU CHOOSE? 你会选哪一个？
I THINK I WOULD CHOOSE DECK C. 我认为我会选择甲板C。
OK. RIGHT, CARRY ON. 好。
EAGLEMAN: IT MAY FEEL LIKE A LOGICAL DEDUCTION, EAGLEMAN：可能感觉像是逻辑推理，
BUT IT'S BUILT ON A PHYSICAL FOUNDATION. 但它建立在物理基础上。
TUNNEY: THE BODY AND THE BRAIN ARE ALL INTEGRAL TO ONE ANOTHER. 蒂尼：身体和大脑彼此融为一体。
IT'S ALL PART OF THE SAME SYSTEM. 这是同一系统的全部。
EAGLEMAN: IF PHYSIOLOGY ALWAYS PLAYS A PART EAGLEMAN：如果生理总是起作用
IN OUR DECISION-MAKING, WHAT DOES THAT SAY ABOUT US? 在我们的决策中，关于我们的是什么？
DO WE EVER ACT IN A PURELY RATIONAL WAY, 我们是否以完全合理的方式行事，
OR IS THAT SIMPLY AN ILLUSION THAT WE CLING TO? 还是我们只想隐瞒的错觉？
WELL, CONSIDER THIS. 好吧，请考虑一下。
IF YOU EVER COME BEFORE A PAROLE BOARD, KEEP AN EYE ON THE CLOCK. 如果您曾经在假面板前来，请保持时钟准直。
WE WOULD ALL HOPE THAT LADY JUSTICE IS IMPARTIAL, 我们希望女士正义是正义的，
BUT STUDIES SAY OTHERWISE IN A WAY THAT MIGHT SURPRISE YOU. 但是研究可能会使您感到惊讶。
TWO MEN COME UP FOR PAROLE ON THE SAME DAY BUT 3 HOURS APART. 两名男子在同一天（但3个小时）内获得了假释。
THEY'VE COMMITTED THE SAME OFFENSE 他们犯了同样的罪行
AND SERVED THE SAME SENTENCE. 并保留相同的句子
SO WHAT DOES THE JUDGE DECIDE? 那么，裁判将决定什么？
NOW, HERE'S WHAT HAPPENED. 现在，这里发生了什么。
THE FIRST PRISONER WAS GRANTED PAROLE 第一位主讲人获准假释
AND THE SECOND WAS DENIED. WHY? 并且第二次被拒绝。
GIVEN THE CRIME WAS THE SAME, 鉴于犯罪是一样的
WHAT INFLUENCED THE DECISION? 决定受到什么影响？
WAS IT RACE? AGE? LOOKS? 是比赛吗？
WELL, ONE STUDY ANALYZED 好，一项研究已分析
A THOUSAND RULINGS FROM DIFFERENT JUDGES 来自不同审判的一千项裁定
AND THEY FOUND IT WASN'T ABOUT THOSE FACTORS. 他们发现这些因素无关。
IT WAS ABOUT THIS. 关于此。
ACCORDING TO THE RESEARCH, PRISONERS WERE 根据研究，囚犯是
3 TIMES MORE LIKELY TO BE GIVEN PAROLE JUST AFTER LUNCH-- 午餐后享受三倍的荣誉
WHEN BOARD MEMBERS WERE WELL-FED-- 当董事会成员的饮食得到充分满足时-
THAN JUST BEFORE LUNCH WHEN THEY WERE FEELING HUNGRY. 当他们感到饥饿时，比午餐之前要好得多。
HAVING TO MAKE DECISIONS ALL MORNING IS MENTALLY TAXING, 必须做出决定，所有的早晨都是谨慎的税法，
AND THE JUDGES WERE SUFFERING FROM 和审判从
WHAT'S KNOWN AS "EGO DEPLETION." 所谓的“自我枯竭”。
THEIR BRAINS WERE RUNNING LOW ON ENERGY 他们的大脑能量消耗低
AND THAT ESPECIALLY AFFECTS THE PREFRONTAL CORTEX, 特别是影响前皮质
WHICH IS INVOLVED IN DECISION-MAKING. 参与决策的人。
TRADITIONALLY, WE ASSUME THAT 传统上，我们假设
HUMANS ARE RATIONAL DECISION-MAKERS. 人是理性的决策者。
THEY TAKE IN INFORMATION, PROCESS IT, 他们接受信息，对其进行处理，
AND COME UP WITH THE BEST ANSWER. 并提出最佳答案。
BUT REAL HUMANS-- EVEN JUDGES-- 但真正的人类-即使是法官-
DON'T OPERATE THAT WAY-- THEY'RE BIOLOGICAL CREATURES. 不要那样操作-它们是生物。
THE COURT SYSTEM SETS OUT TO BE RATIONAL AND BALANCED, 法院系统的设置是合理且平衡的，
SO IT'S A DISTURBING THOUGHT THAT IT COULD BE HIJACKED 所以这是令人烦恼的想法
BY THE BASIC CHEMISTRY OF OUR BODIES. 由我们机构的基本化学组成。
EVEN JUDGES CAN BE IMPRISONED BY THEIR BIOLOGY. 即使是生物学，也可以审判法官。
THE STORY'S THE SAME WITH SOME OF LIFE'S OTHER BIG CHOICES, 故事与人生的其他重大选择一样，
WHERE THE DECISIONS WE MAKE 我们做出的决定
AREN'T NECESSARILY CONSCIOUS ONES. 不需要必要的意识。
INSTEAD, WE'RE TUGGED ALONG BY HIDDEN BIOLOGICAL FORCES. 不幸的是，我们一直被隐藏的生物力量所困扰。
EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGIST GEOFFREY MILLER HAS COME UP WITH 进化的心理学家杰弗里·米勒（GEOFFREY MILLER）出现了
AN INTERESTING WAY TO SHOW THIS. 一种有趣的显示方式。
HIS TEAM RECRUITED THE HELP OF 18 LAP DANCERS IN NEW MEXICO 他的团队在新墨西哥州恢复了18名舞者的帮助
AND GOT THEM TO RECORD THEIR EARNINGS OVER 3 MONTHS. 并记录了他们在3个月内的收入。
MILLER: WE KNOW THAT LAP DANCERS' EARNINGS FLUCTUATE A LOT. 米勒：我们知道膝上跳舞者的收入波动很大。
SOME NIGHTS THEY EARN $800, 他们赚了800美元，
OTHER NIGHTS THEY MIGHT EARN ONLY $150. 他们可能仅能赚取150美元的其他住宿费用。
UM, AND THEY'RE VERY CONSCIOUS OF HOW MUCH THEY EARN. 嗯，他们非常清楚自己的收入。
SO IT SEEMED LIKE AN IDEAL SET-UP 这样看来就像一个理想的设置
FOR BEING ABLE TO ASK THEM HOW MUCH 可以询问他们的方式
HAVE YOU EARNED NIGHT BY NIGHT, SHIFT BY SHIFT, 您是否已按夜赚取收入，按价转换，
AND TO BE ABLE TO TRACK THAT IN RELATION TO 并能够追踪与
WHERE THEY ARE IN THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE. 他们在月经周期中的位置。
EAGLEMAN: MILLER WANTED TO KNOW IF A WOMAN BECOMES EAGLEMAN：如果有女性，MILLER想要知道
MORE ATTRACTIVE TO A MAN WHEN SHE'S OVULATING. 当她排卵时，对男人更有吸引力。
AT THAT POINT IN HER CYCLE WHEN SHE'S MOST FERTILE, 在她最受胎的那个周期的那个点，
A SURGE OF THE HORMONE ESTROGEN MAKES HER SKIN SOFTER, 激素的激增使她的皮肤变软，
HER FEATURES MORE SYMMETRICAL, 她的功能更加对称，
AND HER HIP TO WAIST RATIO LARGER. 和她的臀部腰围更大。
THE CHANGES ARE SUBTLE, BUT MEN'S BRAINS 变化是微妙的，但男人的大脑
PICK UP ON THOSE CUES UNCONSCIOUSLY. 随意拾取这些提示。
MILLER: THE RESULTS WERE SURPRISINGLY STRONG. MILLER：结果令人惊讶。
WHEN WOMEN ARE OVULATING, THEY'RE EARNING ABOUT 当女性处于排卵期时，他们正在获得有关
TWICE AS MUCH AS THEY WERE EARNING 赚了两倍的钱
WHEN THEY WERE MENSTRUATING. 当他们月经。
BUT THEY WERE ALSO EARNING A LOT MORE THAN BEFORE MENSTRUATION. 但是，他们在经期之前还赚了很多。
SO THE REAL PATTERN IS-- IF YOU'RE OVULATING, 所以真正的模式是-如果您正在排卵，
YOU'RE A LOT MORE ATTRACTIVE TO MEN. 您对男人更具吸引力。
YOU'RE EARNING HIGHER TIPS, 您正在获得更高的提示，
YOU'RE GETTING CALLED OVER FOR MORE LAP-DANCES, 您正在寻求更多的搭便车机会，
AND WE THOUGHT THAT WAS A PRETTY COOL WAY 而且我们认为这是一种很酷的方式
OF QUANTIFYING FEMALE ATTRACTIVENESS TO MALES. 对男性的女性吸引力的量化。
EAGLEMAN: YOUR HIDDEN BIOLOGICAL DRIVES EAGLEMAN：您的隐藏生物驱动器
HELP YOU TO SELECT A PARTNER. 帮助您选择合作伙伴。
BUT WHAT MAKES YOU CHOOSE TO STAY WITH A PARTNER? 但是您选择与合伙人住什么呢？
IT HAS SOMETHING TO DO WITH YOUR VALUES AND YOUR MORALS, RIGHT? 与您的价值观和道德有关，对吗？
ACTUALLY, YOUR HORMONES ARE DOING 实际上，您的荷尔蒙正在做
A LOT OF THE DECIDING FOR YOU. 很多决定为您。
ONE OF THEM IS THIS. 其中之一就是这个。
IT'S CALLED OXYTOCIN. 它叫催产素。
SOMETIMES CALLED THE LOVE HORMONE, 有时叫爱激素
OXYTOCIN STRENGTHENS THE BONDS WE FEEL 催产素加强了我们的感觉
WHEN WE'RE IN A RELATIONSHIP. 当我们处于关系中时。
IN A RECENT STUDY, HETEROSEXUAL MEN WHO WERE IN LOVE 在最近的研究中，恋爱中的异性恋男人
WERE GIVEN A DOSE OF OXYTOCIN. 给予了一定剂量的催产素。
THEY WERE THEN ASKED TO RATE 然后他们要求评分
THE ATTRACTIVENESS OF DIFFERENT WOMEN. 不同女性的吸引力。
THE MEN WHO WERE GIVEN OXYTOCIN 被给予催产素的男人
FOUND THEIR PARTNERS TO BE MORE ATTRACTIVE, 发现他们的合作伙伴更加吸引人，
BUT NOT OTHER WOMEN. 但不是其他妇女。
IN FACT, WITH OTHER WOMEN, THEY KEPT 实际上，他们与其他妇女保持一致
A SLIGHTLY GREATER PHYSICAL DISTANCE. 物理距离略大。
SO, AN ATTRACTIVE WOMAN WALKS INTO THE BAR. 因此，有魅力的女人走进酒吧。
LOTS OF MEN CLOCK HER ARRIVAL. 很多男人到了她的时钟。
BUT NOT THIS GUY--HE'S IN LOVE WITH HIS PARTNER-- 但不是这个家伙-他爱上了他的合伙人-
AND PUMPED UP WITH OXYTOCIN, HIS ATTENTION DOESN'T WANDER. 并被催产素加重，他的注意力就消失了。
FROM AN EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVE, YOU MIGHT EXPECT 从进化的角度来看，您可能期望
THAT YOU DON'T WANT MONOGAMY. 您不想单调。
YOU WANT TO HAVE AS MANY OFFSPRING AS POSSIBLE. 您希望尽可能多地提供优惠。
SO WHY DO WE HAVE CHEMICALS IN THE BRAIN THAT ENHANCE BONDING? 那么，为什么我们在大脑中有化学物质增强了键合？
WELL, FOR THE SURVIVAL OF THE CHILDREN, 好吧，为了孩子的生存，
HAVING TWO PARENTS AROUND IS BETTER THAN HAVING ONE. 拥有两名父母要比拥有一名更好。
IT'S SO IMPORTANT THAT OUR BRAINS 我们的大脑是如此重要
MAKE THIS DECISION FOR US. 为我们做出此决定。
IN FACT, THE EVIDENCE SUGGESTS 实际上，证据表明
THAT SOME OF OUR MOST COMPLEX DECISIONS-- 我们最复杂的决定中的一些-
THE ONES WE LIKE TO THINK OF AS CAREFULLY THOUGHT OUT-- 我们仔细考虑过的想法-
ARE PRE-PROGRAMMED-- INFLUENCED BY OUR DNA-- 已预先编程-受我们的DNA影响-
ALMOST NO CHOICE AT ALL. 几乎没有选择。
IF YOU FEEL THE LEAST BIT UNCOMFORTABLE, 如果您感到最不舒服，
JUST SQUEEZE THE SQUEEZE BULB THAT'S IN YOUR HAND 只需挤压您手中的灯泡
AND WE'LL STOP AND TAKE YOU OUT. 我们会停下来带你出去。
EAGLEMAN: READ MONTAGUE USES NEUROSCIENCE TO ANALYZE-- EAGLEMAN：阅读MONTAGUE会使用神经科学进行分析-
AND PREDICT--VOTING PATTERNS. 和预测-投票模式。
[CHEERING] [加油]
MONTAGUE: IT TURNS OUT THAT POLITICAL IDEOLOGY HAS STRONG 蒙塔古：事实证明政治意识形态很强
BIOLOGICAL UNDERPINNINGS WHICH YOU CAN 您可以进行的生物学基础
INHERIT FROM YOUR PARENTS. 从您的父母那里继承。
EAGLEMAN: MONTAGUE HAS FOUND A LINK BETWEEN A PERSON'S POLITICS EAGLEMAN：MONTAGUE在一个人的政治之间找到了联系
AND ONE BASIC REACTION: DISGUST. 和一个基本反应：令人反感。
HE HAS VOLUNTEERS GO INTO AN MRI SCANNER 他有志愿者走进MRI扫描仪
WHERE THEY LOOK AT A SERIES OF IMAGES. 他们在哪里看一系列图像。
MONTAGUE: I SHOW THEM SOMEBODY WITH MONTAGUE：我和他们一起看
A KNIFE TO SOMEBODY ELSE'S THROAT, 对他人的喉咙刀，
PHYSICALLY THREATENING STIMULUS, A DEAD CORPSE. 物理威胁刺激，死尸。
SOMETHING THAT WAS GROSS, LIKE FLIES ON A SALAD 发生什么事，像在萨拉德上飞
OR SOMETHING LIKE THIS. 或类似的东西。
THESE THINGS ELICIT RESPONSES IN YOUR NERVOUS SYSTEM 这些事情在您的神经系统中引起了反应
AND WE RECORD THEIR BRAIN ACTIVITY. 并且我们记录他们的大脑活动。
THEN WE ASK THEM--AND NOT EVERYBODY AGREES--WE ASK THEM, 然后我们问他们-不是所有人同意-我们问他们，
"HEY, WE HAVE THIS OTHER EXPERIMENT WE WANT YOU TO DO," “嘿，我们还有其他想要做的实验，”
AND THEY GO INTO A BOOTH AND THEY ANSWER 他们进入展位，他们的答案
A POLITICAL IDEOLOGY SURVEY. 政治思想调查。
HOW DO YOU FEEL ABOUT GUN CONTROL, ABORTION, 您如何看待枪支管制，堕胎，
PRE-MARITAL SEX, THINGS LIKE THAT. 婚前性行为，诸如此类。
EAGLEMAN: MONTAGUE'S RESULTS ARE STRIKING. EAGLEMAN：MONTAGUE的结果令人震惊。
THE GREATER THE DISGUST RESPONSE IN THE BRAIN, 大脑中的反感反应越多，
THE MORE CONSERVATIVE THE PERSON IS LIKELY TO BE. 更保守的人很可能是。
A SMALLER RESPONSE CORRELATES WITH A MORE LIBERAL OUTLOOK. 较小的响应与更多的人文预期相关。
THE LINK BETWEEN YOUR NEURAL RESPONSE 您的神经反应之间的联系
AND YOUR POLITICAL AFFILIATION IS NOT CONSCIOUS, 而且您的政治派系不是故意的，
BUT IT'S POWERFUL. 但是功能强大。
MONTAGUE: I THINK IF YOU ASK 9 OUT OF 10 PEOPLE ON THE STREET, 蒙塔古：我想如果您在大街上的10个人中问9，
HOW DID YOU DECIDE TO VOTE FOR CANDIDATE X, 您如何决定对候选人X进行投票，
THEY WOULD GIVE YOU A LONG NARRATIVE ABOUT 他们将为您带来长篇叙事
WHAT THEY CARED ABOUT, 他们关心什么
THE ISSUES THAT CANDIDATE X SUPPORTED, 候选X支持的问题，
WHICH SIDE OF THOSE ISSUES YOU WERE ON 您正在处理哪些问题
AND HOW THAT PERSON REPRESENTED THEM, 以及该人如何代表他们，
BUT THAT IS ONLY HALF THE STORY. 但那只是故事的一半。
THE SHOCKING PART IS THAT YOUR RESPONSE TO 选购部分就是您的回应
A SINGLE DISGUSTING IMAGE CAN PREDICT YOUR SCORE ON THAT TEST 一个单一的图像可以预测您的分数
WITH 95% ACCURACY. 具有95％的准确性。
THAT KIND OF PREDICTION IS UNCANNY. 那种预测是无法估量的。
I SHOW YOU A DISGUSTING IMAGE, I KNOW HOW 我向您展示令人作呕的图像，我知道如何
YOU'RE GONNA VOTE IN 2016. 您是2016年的Gonna投票。
EAGLEMAN: WE MAY REFINE OUR POLITICAL ARGUMENTS, EAGLEMAN：我们可以拒绝我们的政治论点，
THEY MAY BECOME MORE SOPHISTICATED, 他们可能变得更加复杂，
BUT THE DECISION ABOUT OUR BASIC PERSUASION--THAT'S ALREADY MADE. 但是关于我们的基本说服力的决定-已经完成了。
SO FAR, WE'VE BEEN LOOKING AT DECISIONS IN THE HERE AND NOW. 太远了，我们在这里和现在都在寻找决策。
WHAT SOUP DO I WANT? 我想要什么汤？
DO I PULL THE LEVER? 我会拉杆吗？
WHO DO I VOTE FOR? 我要投票给谁？
ORANGE. GREEN. 橙子。
EAGLEMAN: BUT THERE'S ANOTHER ASPECT EAGLEMAN：但是还有另一个方面
TO THE STORY OF DECISIONS-- 决定的故事-
PREDICTIONS ABOUT THE FUTURE. 关于未来的预测。
WE HAVE TO WEIGH DIFFERENT OPTIONS 我们必须选择不同的选项
AND GUESS HOW THINGS MIGHT TURN OUT 和GUESS如何进行转换
AT A TIME THAT DOESN'T YET EXIST. 在尚不存在的时间。
HOW DOES YOUR BRAIN PULL OFF THAT TRICK? 您的大脑如何拉出那个把戏？
I HAVE ONE HOUR OF FREE TIME TODAY 我今天有一个小时的空闲时间
AND I'M TRYING TO DECIDE WHAT TO DO. 并且我想决定该怎么做。
I KNOW I HAVE TO GET TO THE GROCERY STORE; 我知道我必须去杂货店；
ON THE OTHER HAND, I NEED TO GET TO A COFFEE SHOP 另一方面，我需要去咖啡店
TO WORK ON A GRANT DEADLINE, 要完成最后期限，
AND I'D LIKE TO BE ABLE TO PLAY WITH MY SON AT THE PARK TODAY. 而且我希望今天能够和儿子一起在公园玩耍。
SO HOW DO I DECIDE? 那我该如何决定呢？
WELL, IDEALLY, I'D LIKE TO BE ABLE TO KNOW 好吧，非常理想，我希望能够知道
WHAT EACH OF THESE POSSIBLE FUTURES WOULD BE LIKE-- 这些可能的未来将是什么样的-
BUT I CAN'T TIME TRAVEL. 但是我不能定时旅行。
OR CAN I? 或者我可以吗？
IT MAY SOUND LIKE THE PLOT OF A MOVIE, BUT WOULDN'T IT BE GREAT 可能听起来像电影的情节，但绝不会如此
IF WE COULD MAKE DECISIONS BY LOOKING BACK FROM THE FUTURE? 我们是否可以通过回顾未来来做出决定？
WELL, THAT'S EXACTLY WHAT OUR BRAINS 好吧，那正是我们的大脑
ARE TRYING TO DO ALL THE TIME-- 一直在努力做-
RUNNING SIMULATIONS OF THE FUTURE 未来的运行模拟
AND GIVING EACH OF THEM A DIFFERENT VALUE. 并赋予它们不同的价值。
THINK OF VALUATIONS LIKE NEURAL PRICE TAGS 像神经价格标签那样的估值思想
THAT TELL US HOW MUCH WE THINK SOMETHING IS GOING TO BE WORTH. 这告诉我们我们想什么，这将是值得的。
SO GOING GROCERY SHOPPING WILL PUT FOOD IN MY FRIDGE. 因此，去杂货店购物会将食物放入我的冰箱。
LET'S SAY THAT'S WORTH 10 UNITS TO ME. 让我们说这相当于10单位。
WRITING A GRANT WILL FUND MY LAB, BUT IT'S DIFFICULT. 编写一份赠款将资助我的实验室，但很困难。
LET'S SAY THAT'S 25 UNITS. 说25单位。
I LOVE SPENDING TIME WITH MY SON AT THE PARK, 我喜欢和儿子在公园度过时光，
SO LET'S SAY THAT'S 50 UNITS. 所以说50单位。
NOW, HERE'S THE THING...THOSE PRICES CAN CHANGE THROUGH TIME. 现在，这就是事情……这些价格可能会随着时间而改变。
IF WE GET THERE AND WE RUN INTO FRIENDS 如果我们去那里，我们遇到了朋友
AND IT'S BETTER THAN EXPECTED, THAT UPS MY PRICE TAG 而且比预期的还好，UPS我的价格标签
FOR THE NEXT TIME AROUND. 下次再见。
IF WE GET THERE AND THE SWINGS ARE BROKEN AND IT'S RAINING, 如果我们到了那里，并且机翼被打碎，而且正在下雨，
THAT LOWERS MY PRICE TAG FOR THE NEXT TIME. 下次可以降低我的价格标签。
AND THAT'S IMPORTANT. 这很重要。
THAT'S WHAT ALLOWS US TO PRIORITIZE 这就是我们优先考虑的因素
HOW WE MAKE OUR DECISIONS BASED ON THE BRAIN'S 我们如何基于大脑的决策
BEST GUESSES FOR THE FUTURE. 最好的未来方法。
AND IT TURNS OUT THERE'S A TINY, ANCIENT SYSTEM IN THE BRAIN 结果证明脑中有一个微小的古老系统
WHOSE WHOLE JOB IS TO KEEP UPDATING 谁将继续保持更新
OUR ASSESSMENTS OF THE WORLD. 我们对世界的评估。
I'M TALKING ABOUT THE DOPAMINE SYSTEM. 我要谈谈多巴胺系统。
THE CHEMICAL DOPAMINE TYPICALLY HAS A CONSTANT RATE OF RELEASE, 化学多巴胺通常具有恒定的释放速率，
BUT WHEN SOMETHING TURNS OUT BETTER THAN EXPECTED, 但是，当结果超出预期时，
THERE'S A BURST OF DOPAMINE. 多巴胺爆发。
THAT TELLS OTHER PARTS OF THE BRAIN 告诉大脑的其他部分
THEY SHOULD INCREASE THE VALUE OF THAT OPTION. 他们应该增加该选择的价值。
WHEN SOMETHING IS WORSE THAN EXPECTED, 当某些事情比预期的更糟糕时，
THE DOPAMINE DROPS AND THE VALUE GOES DOWN. 多巴胺滴下，其值下降。
IN MOST OF US, THIS SYSTEM WORKS PRETTY WELL, 在我们大多数人中，此系统运行良好，
BUT IT'S DELICATELY BALANCED. 但必须保持平衡。
TOO MUCH DOPAMINE, AND THAT LOOP OF POSITIVE FEEDBACK 多巴胺过多，而且反馈积极
GETS OUT OF CONTROL. 失去控制。
THIS IS THE ROOT OF ADDICTION. 这就是上瘾的根源。
NEURO-PSYCHIATRIST VALERIE VOON STUDIES ADDICTIVE BEHAVIOR. 神经-精神病患者VALERIE VOON研究成瘾行为。
SHE'S INTERESTED IN PATIENTS WITH PARKINSON'S DISEASE. 她对帕金森氏病患者很感兴趣。
THEY'RE PRODUCING LESS DOPAMINE THAN NORMAL 他们生产的多巴胺少于正常水平
SO THEY'RE ROUTINELY PUT ON MEDICATION 所以他们常规地用药
TO RAISE THEIR LEVELS. 提高自己的水平。
VOON: WHAT HAPPENS WITH DOPAMINE MEDICATIONS 冯：多巴胺药物会发生什么
THAT THE PATIENT WITH PARKINSON'S IS ON 帕金森氏症患者正在接受治疗
IS THAT IT CAN POTENTIALLY HIJACK THE SYSTEM. 这可能会破坏系统。
EAGLEMAN: PATIENTS WHO WERE PREVIOUSLY MODERATE IN THEIR BEHAVIOR EAGLEMAN：以前行为中等的患者
SUDDENLY DEVELOP ADDICTIONS 突然发展成瘾
TO GAMBLING OR FOOD OR SEX. 赌博，食物或性爱。
VOON: THESE DOPAMINE STIMULATING DRUGS ARE OVERSTIMULATING VOON：这些多巴胺刺激药物过度刺激
THE REGIONS INVOLVED IN REWARD AND MOTIVATION. 涉及奖励和动机的地区。
YOU SEE THE CUE AND YOUR EXPECTATION OF THE REWARD 您会看到提示和对奖励的期望
BECOMES MUCH LARGER THAN IT SHOULD BE. 变得比应有的更大。
WHEN YOU TAKE THE MEDICATION AWAY, THEY ARE ALWAYS 当您服用药物时，它们总是
A BIT DUMBFOUNDED ABOUT HOW THEY ENDED UP 关于他们如何结束的疑问
ACTING THE WAY THEY DID. 用自己的方式行事。
EAGLEMAN: AS LONG AS THERE'S NOTHING WRONG WITH EAGLEMAN：没什么不对的
OUR DOPAMINE SYSTEMS, IT SHOULD BE STRAIGHTFORWARD 我们的多巴胺系统应直截了当
FOR US TO CONTROL OUR IMPULSES, RIGHT? 让我们控制我们的冲动，对吗？
DON'T BE SO SURE. 不要那么确定。
TAKE THE SUB-PRIME MORTGAGE MELTDOWN OF 2007. 参加2007年的次级抵押贷款合并。
BETWEEN BANKERS HUNTING A QUICK PROFIT, 银行在快速盈利之间，
AND BORROWERS HUNTING THEIR TOO-GOOD-TO-BE-TRUE DREAM HOMES, 和借款人寻找他们梦BE以求的梦想家园，
IT TURNED INTO A STORM OF DISASTROUS DECISIONS. 它变成了灾难性决策的风暴。
AS A NEUROSCIENTIST, WHAT FASCINATES ME IS HOW 作为神经科学家，我的魅力是什么
EVERYONE INVOLVED GAVE LESS WEIGHT TO FUTURE CONSEQUENCES 每个参与其中的人都没有权衡未来的后果
AND WERE INSTEAD SEDUCED BY WHAT WAS RIGHT IN FRONT OF THEM. 并因其正确而受到了正确的教育。
THE VERY LOW INTEREST RATES PLUGGED RIGHT INTO 非常低的利率直接插入
THE I-WANT-IT-NOW CIRCUITRY. 我想要的现在的电路。
THE IDEA IS "TAKE THIS HOUSE RIGHT NOW. 理想是“立即拥有这所房子。
LIVE BETTER THAN YOU THOUGHT YOU COULD." 比您想的要活得更好。”
AT SOME POINT IN THE FUTURE, THE INTEREST RATES WILL GO UP, 在未来的某个时刻，利率会上升，
BUT THAT'S A LONG WAY AWAY. 但是还有很长的路要走。
BECAUSE THE PULL OF THE NOW IS SO HARD TO RESIST, 因为现在难以抗拒拉力，
THE WORLD ECONOMY ALMOST TANKED. 世界经济几乎陷入困境。
THIS PRESENT MOMENT IS A RICH MULTI-SENSORY EXPERIENCE 此刻是丰富的多感官体验
THAT'S HITTING ME RIGHT NOW, BUT THE FUTURE, THAT'S JUST AN IDEA. 现在正在打我，但在未来，这只是一个理想。
THAT'S A SIMULATION THAT TAKES PLACE IN MY NEURAL CIRCUITS 这是模拟在我的神经电路中的位置
AND IT'S A PALE SHADOW COMPARED TO 和它的苍白阴影相比
IMMEDIATE EXPERIENCE. 立即体验。
IT HAS LESS EMOTIONAL PULL THAN WHATEVER IS 它比任何东西都缺乏情感牵引力
RIGHT IN FRONT OF ME. 就在我的面前。
SO ONCE AGAIN, THE BRAIN IS IN CONFLICT. 再一次，大脑处于冲突状态。
DIFFERENT NETWORKS ARE BATTLING IT OUT 不同的网络正在解决它
BETWEEN THE PRESENT AND THE FUTURE. 在现在与未来之间。
INSTANT GRATIFICATION OR LONG-TERM REWARD? 立即获得奖励或长期奖励？
WHEN FACED WITH THESE SORTS OF DECISIONS, WHAT DO WE DO? 当面对这些决策时，我们该怎么办？
WE RELY ON OUR WILLPOWER. 我们依靠我们的遗嘱。
THINK OF WILLPOWER AS THAT THING THAT WILLPOWER的想法
ALLOWS YOU TO PASS ON THAT COOKIE 允许您通过该Cookie
OR AT LEAST THE SECOND COOKIE 或至少是第二个Cookie
OR THE THING THAT ALLOWS YOU TO HIT THAT DEADLINE EVEN THOUGH 或允许您点击甚至超过截止日期的东西
YOU WANT TO BE OUT IN THE SUNSHINE. 您想在阳光下出门。
WE ALL KNOW WHAT IT'S LIKE TO HAVE STRONG WILLPOWER 我们都知道拥有强大的WILLPOWER就像什么
AND WE ALSO KNOW WHAT IT FEELS LIKE 而且我们也知道感觉如何
WHEN YOU JUST DON'T HAVE ENOUGH OF IT. 当您没有足够的东西时。
IN ONE EXPERIMENT, PEOPLE WATCH A WILDLIFE FILM 在一次实验中，人们观看野生电影
ABOUT ANIMALS IN DISTRESS. 关于遇难动物。
HALF THE AUDIENCE HAS BEEN TOLD TO REACT NORMALLY, 一半的听众被告知可以正常反应，
TO CRY IF THEY FEEL LIKE IT. 哭泣，如果他们喜欢它。
THE OTHER HALF ARE INSTRUCTED TO CURB THEIR EMOTIONS, 指示另一半抑制他们的情绪，
USING THEIR WILLPOWER TO SQUELCH THEIR FEELINGS. 使用他们的WILPOWER挤压他们的感觉。
THE KEY IS WHAT HAPPENS NEXT. 接下来是关键。
AFTER THE MOVIE, PARTICIPANTS WERE GIVEN ONE OF THESE... 电影上映后，参与者之一被授予...
A HAND EXERCISER. 手操器。
AND THEY WERE ASKED TO SQUEEZE IT AS LONG AS THEY COULD. 并且他们被要求尽可能长地挤压它。
THE PEOPLE WHO CURBED THEIR EMOTIONS 情绪低落的人
GIVE UP SQUEEZING SOONER THAN THE OTHERS. 放弃别人比别人更受挤压。
THEY'VE EXERTED SO MUCH MENTAL EFFORT NOT TO CRY, 他们竭尽全力不哭，
THEY ACTUALLY HAVE REDUCED PHYSICAL STRENGTH. 他们实际上已经降低了体力。
THIS KIND OF SELF-CONTROL-- IT TAKES ENERGY. 这种自我控制-需要能量。
AND IT TURNS OUT THAT RESISTING TEMPTATION 结果证明了诱人的魅力
OR MAKING HARD DECISIONS OR TAKING INITIATIVE-- 或做出硬性决定或采取主动行动-
ALL OF THESE DRAW FROM THE SAME WELL OF ENERGY. 所有这些内容均取自能源。
SO WILLPOWER ISN'T SOMETHING THAT WE EXERCISE, 所以WILPLOWER并不是我们要锻炼的东西，
IT'S SOMETHING THAT WE USE UP. 我们用光了。
IT'S LIKE A TANK OF GAS. 它就像一罐煤气。
SO THERE'S A GOOD REASON WHY WE CAN'T ALWAYS 所以为什么我们总是有一个好的原因
RELY ON OUR WILLPOWER TO MAKE US STAND BY OUR DECISIONS. 依靠我们的威武使我们的决定成为我们的立场。
OUR WILLPOWER MIGHT BE RUNNING ON EMPTY. 我们的WILLPOWER可能会空着运行。
WE ALL KNOW THAT IT'S HARD TO GET OURSELVES 我们都知道很难得到自己
TO DO CERTAIN THINGS-- LIKE GOING TO THE GYM. 做某些事情-就像去健身房一样。
I WANT TO BE IN SHAPE, BUT WHEN IT COMES DOWN TO IT, 我想保持身材，但是当它归结为
THERE'S USUALLY SOMETHING GOING ON RIGHT IN FRONT OF ME 在我的前部，通常会有一些事情发生
THAT'S MORE ENJOYABLE. 更令人愉悦。
SO THE PULL OF WHAT'S HAPPENING RIGHT THEN IS MORE POWERFUL THAN 因此，发生了什么事，权利比
THE ABSTRACT FUTURE NOTION OF FITNESS. 健身的抽象未来概念。
SO TO MAKE CERTAIN THAT I COME HERE, I TAKE INSPIRATION FROM 因此，为了确定我的来意，我从中得到启发
A MAN WHO LIVED 3,000 YEARS AGO. 一个活了3,000年的男人。
IN CLASSICAL MYTHOLOGY, THE HERO ULYSSES 在经典神话中，英雄
LASHED HIMSELF TO THE MAST OF HIS SHIP 鞭打他的船身
SO THAT HE COULD HEAR THE BEWITCHING SONG OF THE SIRENS 因此，他可能会听到警笛声
WITHOUT STEERING INTO THE ROCKS. 无需转向岩石。
ULYSSES KNEW THAT HIS FUTURE SELF 尤里西斯知道自己将来会怎样
WASN'T GONNA BE IN ANY POSITION 贡纳不处于任何位置
TO MAKE A GOOD DECISION, SO HE STRUCTURED THINGS 为了做出好的决定，他构造了东西
SO THAT HE COULDN'T DO THE WRONG THING. 所以他不会做错事。
THIS SORT OF DEAL THAT'S STRUCK BETWEEN 交易之间的这种冲突
YOUR PRESENT AND YOUR FUTURE SELF 您现在和未来的自我
IS KNOWN AS A ULYSSES CONTRACT. 被称为尤里斯契约。
MY OWN ULYSSES CONTRACT IS TO ARRANGE WITH A FRIEND 我自己的尤里约斯合同与一位朋友安排
TO MEET ME HERE AT THE GYM, 在健身房认识我，
AND THAT WAY THE SOCIAL PRESSURE LASHES ME TO THE MAST. 社会压力使我大失所望。
MY FRIENDSHIP IS COLLATERAL IN THE DEAL THAT 我的朋友在交易中是集体的
I'M MAKING WITH MY FUTURE SELF. 我正在与自己的未来做对。
THIS ALLOWS ME TO BE THE PERSON I WANT TO BE-- 这使我成为了我想成为的人
MAKING GOOD DECISIONS--RESISTING THE SEDUCTIVE POWER OF NOW. 做出好的决定-抵御现在的诱惑力。
COME ON, COME ON. YEAH. 好啦好啦。
OH, YEAH, NICE. 哦，是的，很好。
EAGLEMAN: OUR PRISONS ARE FULL OF PEOPLE EAGLEMAN：我们的监狱里满是人
WHO STRUGGLE WITH THIS. 谁在这挣扎。
THEY'RE UNABLE TO LASH THEMSELVES TO ANY MAST, 他们无法将自己鞭打在任何桅杆上，
TO AVOID THE ROCKS. 避免岩石。
MAN ON P.A.: ATTENTION. [INDISTINCT] P.A.上的人：注意。
EAGLEMAN: FOR 7 OUT OF 10 PRISONERS JAILED IN THE U.S., EAGLEMAN：在美国被监禁的10名囚犯中有7名，
THEIR ABILITY TO MAKE LONG-TERM DECISIONS IS COMPROMISED. 他们做出长期决策的能力受到了损害。
THEY ARE THERE BECAUSE OF DRUGS. 他们是因为药物。
FOR 4 DECADES, WE HAVE WAGED A WAR ON DRUGS. 我们已经对毒品进行了十次战争。
THE U.S. INVESTS $20 BILLION EACH YEAR INTO THIS FIGHT, 美国每年为此投入200亿美元，
BUT THERE'S NO SIGN OF VICTORY. 但是没有胜利的迹象。
MAN ON TV: ...AND DESTROYING THE CROP 电视上的人：...然后摧毁农作物
BEFORE THE OPIUM COULD BE HARVESTED FROM IT. 在可以将鸦片收割之前。
THE DIFFICULTY WITH DRUG SUPPLY 药物供应困难
IS THAT IT'S LIKE A WATER BALLOON. 就像是气球一样。
IF YOU PRESS IT DOWN IN ONE PLACE, 如果您一次将它按下，
IT'LL COME UP SOMEWHERE ELSE. 它会在其他地方出现。
SO INSTEAD OF ATTACKING SUPPLY, 如此攻击供应，
A BETTER STRATEGY IS TO ADDRESS DEMAND. 更好的策略是解决需求。
AND DEMAND IS IN THE BRAIN OF THE ADDICT. 需求是成瘾的大脑。
SO IF THE PROBLEMS LIE IN THE BRAIN, 因此，如果问题在于脑筋，
MAYBE THE SOLUTIONS DO, TOO. 解决方案也可能这样做。
A COUPLE OF MILES FROM MY LABORATORY, 我实验室里的几英里
THERE'S A CRACK HOUSE. 有一个裂缝房。
IT'S ABANDONED NOW, BUT THIS WAS ONCE 现在已被废弃，但是一次
A REGULAR HANG-OUT--FOR KAREN. 凯伦（Karen）的日常聚会。
KAREN: IT BRINGS TEARS TO MY EYES. 凯伦：眼泪让我眼前一亮。
BECAUSE THIS WAS PART OF THE LOWEST PART I HIT 因为这是我打中的最低部分
WHEN I SMOKED CRACK. 当我抽烟的时候。
AND I CAN'T BELIEVE THAT I WAS PART OF THAT CROWD. 而且我不相信我是那群人的一部分。
IF YOU'RE NOT STRONG ENOUGH, YOU JUST CAN'T HANDLE IT. 如果您不够强壮，就无法应对。
IT KIND OF DRAWS YOU IN. 它吸引了您。
EAGLEMAN: KAREN HAS HAD AN ADDICTION TO CRACK COCAINE EAGLEMAN：KAREN瘾君子开裂可卡因
FOR MANY YEARS. 很多年了。
KAREN: I THOUGHT I WAS IN CONTROL OF EVERYTHING, 凯伦：我想我可以掌控一切，
BUT THAT WAS THE DRUG. 但是那是毒品。
I MEAN, I WASN'T IN CONTROL OF ANYTHING. 我的意思是，我什么也控制不了。
I WAS A MESS. 我很想。
DIRTY, HAIR MATTED UP, CLOTHES LOOK LIKE 肮脏，头发结实，看上去很像衣服
THEY WERE IN A MUD FIGHT. 他们陷入了泥潭。
I COULDN'T BELIEVE IT, AND THEN I STEPPED BACK 我不相信它，然后退后一步
AND THINK, "DAMN, HOW DID I DROP SO LOW?" 想着，“该死，我怎么跌得这么低？”
EAGLEMAN: KAREN'S STORY MAKES HER AN IDEAL CANDIDATE EAGLEMAN：KAREN的故事使她成为理想的候选人
FOR A NEW PROGRAM WE'RE RUNNING IN MY LABORATORY. 对于新计划，我们正在我的实验室中运行。
RATHER THAN SIMPLY FORCING DRUG ADDICTS TO GO COLD TURKEY, 不只是强迫毒品上瘾的人去冷土耳其，
WE'RE TRYING TO TREAT THEM WITH NEUROSCIENCE... 我们正尝试通过神经科学对其进行治疗...
GETTING THE BRAIN TO TAKE CONTROL OF ITS OWN ADDICTION. 让大脑来控制自己的上瘾。
INSIDE THE MRI MACHINE, KAREN WATCHES 在MRI机内，凯伦手表
IMAGES OF DRUG USE AND DRUG PARAPHERNALIA. 药物使用和药物旁生的图像。
WE ASK HER TO GO AHEAD AND FEEL HER CRAVINGS. 我们要求她前进并感到她的渴望。
WE MEASURE THE NETWORKS IN HER BRAIN 我们在她的大脑中测量网络
ASSOCIATED WITH THAT CRAVING. 与这种渴望相关联。
THEN WE SWITCH AND ASK HER TO SUPPRESS THE CRAVING. 然后，我们切换并询问她抑制切割。
OK, KAREN, WHEN YOU'RE THINKING ABOUT SUPPRESSING YOUR CRAVING, 好吧，凯伦，当您想抑制自己的渴望时，
THINK ABOUT THE COSTS THIS HAS HAD TO YOU IN TERMS OF MONEY, 关于费用的思考，这是您使用金钱条款所得出的，
IN TERMS OF RELATIONSHIP, 在关系方面，
IN TERMS OF EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES. 在就业机会方面。
KAREN: OK. 凯伦：好的。
EAGLEMAN: WE SHOW HER THE SAME IMAGES EAGLEMAN：我们向她展示了同样的图像
AND MEASURE THE REGIONS IN HER BRAIN THAT ARE ACTIVE 并测量她大脑中活跃的区域
WHEN SHE'S TRYING TO RESIST THE DESIRE TO USE. 当她试图抵御使用时。
THESE ARE THE NETWORKS THAT BECOME ACTIVE IN KAREN'S BRAIN 这些是在卡伦大脑中活跃的网络
WHEN SHE'S CRAVING COCAINE. 当她渴望可卡因时。
NOW, WHEN SHE THINKS ABOUT ALL THE REASONS TO RESIST IT, 现在，当她想出所有理由来抵抗它时，
THEN THESE NETWORKS COME ONLINE HERE. 然后，这些网络将在此处联机。
AND THESE NETWORKS, THE CRAVING AND THE SUPPRESSING, 和这些网络，渴望和抑制，
ARE ALWAYS LOCKED IN BATTLE. 始终锁定在战斗中。
HERE'S THE KEY--WE NOW SUPERIMPOSE A GAUGE-- 这是关键-我们现在要叠加一个量规-
WHICH TELLS KAREN HOW THE BATTLE IS GOING. 告诉凯伦战斗如何进行。
HER JOB IS TO MOVE IT BY TIPPING THE BALANCE 她的工作是通过平衡来移动它
OF THE SUPPRESSING OVER THE CRAVING. 抑制裂缝。
KAREN: THEY SHOW YOU PICTURES OF DIFFERENT THINGS. 凯伦：他们向您展示了不同的事物。
YOU HAVE TO DO SUPPRESS AND THEN NOT SUPPRESS. 您必须抑制，然后再抑制。
IT WAS LIKE A LITTLE METER. 它有点像米。
WHEN IT GOT--THE FIRST TIME, I COULDN'T DO IT AT ALL. 当它第一次出现时，我根本不会这样做。
THEN THE SECOND TIME, I GOT WIND OF IT. 然后第二次，我得到了很多。
AND I HAD TO REALLY CONCENTRATE AND SAY, "HEY, THIS IS IT. 我必须真正集中注意力并说：“嘿，这就是它。
"THIS IS WHAT I'VE BEEN MISSING, “这就是我一直在想的东西，
"THAT YOUR BRAIN IS THE ONE WHO TOLD YOU YOU NEEDED CRACK, “您的大脑就是告诉您您需要破解的那个人，
"SO WHY CAN'T YOU TRAIN YOUR BRAIN “为什么你不能训练你的大脑
TO TELL YOU IT'S NOT TIME FOR CRACK?" 告诉你现在还没有时间裂纹？”
I MEAN, I CAN SUPPRESS OTHER THINGS. 我的意思是，我可以禁止其他事情。
WHY CAN'T I SUPPRESS CRACK? 为什么我不能抑制裂纹？
EAGLEMAN: AT THE MOMENT, SHE'S LOOKING AT EAGLEMAN：目前，她正在寻找
THIS BACKGROUND PICTURE OF COCAINE 可卡因的背景图片
AND SHE'S WORKING HER WAY OVER TO SUPPRESSING THAT CRAVING 她正在努力克服这种渴望
AND HOLDING IT THERE SUCCESSFULLY. 并成功保存它。
NOW, THE IDEA IS THAT SHE CAN PRACTICE THIS IN THE SCANNER 现在，想法是她可以在扫描仪中进行实践
AND LEARN HOW TO GET BETTER AT IT, 并了解如何更好地利用它，
AND THE KEY IS WHEN SHE'S BACK OUT IN THE REAL WORLD 而关键在于何时她退出现实世界
AND SOMEBODY OFFERS HER CRACK COCAINE, 还有某人为她提供可卡因
SHE'LL HAVE THE TOOLS AVAILABLE TO KNOW HOW TO RESIST. 应该拥有可以抵抗的工具。
KAREN: I'M NOT GONNA SAY I'M CURED, 凯伦：我不敢说我​​受了邀请，
BECAUSE HOW DO YOU GET CURED OF SOMETHING 因为您如何得到某些东西的帮助
THAT YOUR BRAIN CONJURES UP, YOUR SUBCONSCIOUS CONJURES UP? 您的大脑变态了，您的潜意识变态了吗？
SO I TAKE STEPS TO WHEN THE THOUGHT GOES THROUGH, 所以我采取了步骤，当想法通过时，
I PUSH IT OUT, I SUPPRESS IT. 我退出，我抑制它。
YOU KNOW, I'M NOT GONNA SAY 3 MONTHS FROM NOW, 你知道，我现在不敢说3个月了，
A YEAR FROM NOW, I'LL BE CLEAN, 从现在开始，我会保持清洁，
BUT THAT'S WHAT I WORK TOWARDS DAILY. 但是，这就是我每天要做的事情。
EAGLEMAN: FOR ME, KAREN OFFERS A GLIMPSE OF HOW NEUROSCIENCE EAGLEMAN：对我来说，KAREN提供了神经科学的一瞥
CAN HELP PEOPLE WITH ADDICTION. 可以帮助人们上瘾。
SHE'S RE-WIRING HER CIRCUITRY. 她正在接线。
SHE'S SHAPING HER BRAIN TO BE BETTER ALIGNED 她正在塑造她的大脑，使其更好地适应
WITH WHO SHE WOULD LIKE TO BE. 她希望与谁在一起。
KAREN: THE FUTURE IS FILLED WITH PROMISE. 凯伦：未来充满希望。
I'M MARRIED, I HAVE A GREAT HUSBAND, I HAVE A GREAT LIFE, 我结婚了，我有一个很棒的丈夫，我有一个很棒的生活，
AND I DON'T WANT TO JEOPARDIZE THAT JUST FOR A HIT OF CRACK. 而且我不想仅仅为了击中裂纹而绝杀。
SO I MEAN, IT IS EVEN MORE OF A REASON WHY I QUIT CRACK. 因此，我认为，退出裂缝的原因甚至更多。
IT HELPS MY SUPPRESSION STATE BECAUSE I CAN ACTUALLY STOP 它可以阻止我的抑制状态，因为我实际上可以停止
AND I'M DOING IT FOR MYSELF, BUT I'M DOING IT FOR OTHERS-- 而且我是为自己做的，但是我是为别人做的-
MY HUSBAND, MY DOGS, MY FAMILY, 我的丈夫，我的狗，我的家人，
AND THAT'S WHAT'S IMPORTANT TO ME. 那对我来说很重要。
EAGLEMAN: KAREN HAS HOPE FOR RESOLVING THE CONFLICT THAT EAGLEMAN：KAREN希望解决冲突
CONSTANTLY RAGES IN THE HIDDEN WORLD OF HER NEURAL NETWORKS. 在她的神经网络的隐蔽世界中，愤怒不断。
I THINK A BIOLOGICAL APPROACH STANDS 我想一个生物方法
A BETTER CHANCE OF WORKING THAN MASS INCARCERATION. 比大规模安装更有效的工作方式。
AS WE LEARN MORE ABOUT OUR OWN BRAINS, 当我们了解更多有关自己的大脑时，
WE CAN BREAK AWAY FROM SLAVERY TO OUR IMPULSES 我们可以摆脱奴隶制到我们的冲动
AND EARN THE FREEDOM THAT COMES WITH HAVING GREATER CHOICE. 并获得更大选择带来的自由。
DECISION-MAKING LIES AT THE HEART OF EVERYTHING-- 决定权在于一切-
WHO WE ARE, WHAT WE DO, HOW WE PERCEIVE THE WORLD. 我们是谁，我们做什么，我们如何看待世界。
WITHOUT THE ABILITY TO DECIDE, WE WOULD BE STUCK IN LIMBO 没有能力决定，我们将陷入困境
BETWEEN CONFLICTING DESIRES. 在冲突的需求之间。
WE WOULDN'T BE ABLE TO NAVIGATE THE NOW OR PLAN FOR THE FUTURE. 我们将无法就现在或未来的计划进行导航。
NEUROSCIENCE SHOWS THAT YOU ARE NOT AN INDIVIDUAL-- 神经科学表明您不是个人-
YOU'RE MADE UP OF MULTIPLE COMPETING DRIVES. 您已经构成了多个竞争驱动器。
AND BY UNDERSTANDING HOW CHOICES BATTLE IT OUT IN THE BRAIN, 并了解如何在大脑中解决问题，
WE CAN LEARN HOW TO MAKE BETTER DECISIONS 我们可以学习如何做出更好的决定
FOR OURSELVES AND FOR SOCIETY. 为了我们自己和社会。
DR. EAGLEMAN: Next time on "The Brain," 博士
I'll explore how our brains are fundamentally wired 我将探讨我们的大脑从根本上如何连接
to work together. 一起工作。
How this social network that envelops us from birth 这个社交网络如何从一开始就将我们包裹住
is vital for our survival. 对我们的生存至关重要。
[ Cheers and applause ] [欢呼和掌声]
[ Indistinct conversations ] [模糊的对话]
Yeah? Okay. 是啊
Understanding how brains deal with each other 了解大脑如何相互处理
helps us to make sense of our past 帮助我们了解过去
and holds the key to our future. 并掌握着我们未来的钥匙。
"THE BRAIN WITH DAVID EAGLEMAN" “与大卫·艾格曼的大脑”
IS AVAILABLE ON DVD. 在DVD上可用。
THE COMPANION BOOK IS 同伴书是
ALSO AVAILABLE. 也提供。
TO ORDER, VISIT SHOPPBS.ORG 要订购，请访问SHOPPBS.ORG
OR CALL 1-800-PLAY-PBS. 或致电1-800-PLAY-PBS。