NARRATOR: INSIDE EVERY HEADIN EVERY HOME 旁白：在每个家庭的头上
IS THE MOST COMPLEX OBJECT 是最复杂的对象
WE'VE DISCOVEREDIN THE UNIVERSE, 我们已经在宇宙中发现了
THE HUMAN BRAIN. 人类的大脑。
I'VE SPENT MANY YEARS OFMY LIFE TRYING TO DECIPHER 我花了很多年的时间试图欺骗
THE MYSTERIES OF THE BRAIN, 脑子的奥秘
AND YET I'M STILL IN AWEEVERY TIME I HOLD ONE. 而且我仍然每次都保持一个。
AND THAT'S BECAUSE ALTHOUGHTHIS MARVEL OF BIOLOGY 而且因为这是生物学的全部
SEEMS SO ALIEN TO US,SOMEHOW, IT IS US. 对我们来说如此陌生，这就是我们。
UNTIL RECENTLY,ACTIVITY COURSED 直到最近，活动课程
THROUGH THESE CELLS. 通过这些细胞。
THIS WAS BARBARA. 这就是芭芭拉。
SHE HAD OPINIONS AND PASSIONS, 她有意见和热情，
SHE LOVED, SHE HADHER OWN LIFE, 她喜欢，她拥有自己的生命，
AND THIS IS WHEREALL OF THAT HAPPENED, 而这就是发生的一切
JUST AS IT DOESFOR EACH ONE OF US. 就像我们每个人所做的一样。
THIS 3-POUND ORGAN IS MADE UPOF HUNDREDS OF BILLIONS OF CELLS 这个3磅的器官由数以亿计的细胞组成
WITH A QUADRILLION CONNECTIONSBETWEEN THEM. 它们之间具有四方连接。
THESE CELLS FIRE TRILLIONS OFELECTROCHEMICAL SIGNALS 这些细胞可发射出数十种电子信号
EVERY SECOND OF YOUR LIFE. 每秒钟您的生命。
SOMEHOW, ALL THIS WETBIOLOGICAL STUFF RESULTS 有人，这是所有湿生物学的结果
IN THE EXPERIENCE OF BEING YOU. 在做你的经验。
I'M GOING TO EXPLOREA FUNDAMENTAL QUESTION 我要探讨基本问题
ABOUT OUR LIVES. 关于我们的生活。
WHAT SHAPES WHO YOU BECOME? 您将成为什么样的人？
THIS IS THE STORY OF HOWYOUR LIFE SHAPES YOUR BRAIN, 这是您的生活如何塑造大脑的故事，
AND HOW YOUR BRAINSHAPES YOUR LIFE. 以及您的大脑如何塑造您的生活。
MALE ANNOUNCER: "THE BRAINWITH DAVID EAGLEMAN" 男性播音员：“与大卫·埃格勒曼的大脑”
WHAT MAKES YOU YOU? 是什么让您成为您？
FOR A LONG TIME, THE ANSWER WAS 长期以来，答案是
AN IMMORTAL SOUL, OR SPIRIT: 不道德的灵魂或精神：
SOMETHING THAT GOESBEYOND MERE MATTER 超越一切的事情
AND GIVES YOU YOUR LIFEAND YOUR IDENTITY. 并赋予您生命和身份。
BUT THE MODERN STUDY OF THEBRAIN TELLS A DIFFERENT STORY: 但是关于大脑的现代研究讲了一个不同的故事：
WHO WE ARE CAN ONLY BEUNDERSTOOD IN TERMS OF 我们只能被以下术语理解
THE 3-POUND ORGAN IN OUR HEADS. 我们头脑中的3点式器官。
THE STORY OF BECOMING YOU 成为你的故事
BEGINS WITHA REMARKABLE FACT. 开始具有明显的事实。
WE ARE BORN UTTERLY HELPLESS, 我们非常高兴
AND THIS HELPLESSNESSLASTS LONGER IN HUMANS 和这种幸福感在人类中持续了很长时间
THAN IN ANY OTHER SPECIES. 比任何其他物种。
COMPARE HUMAN BABIESTO OUR COUSINS 将人类婴儿与我们的表亲进行比较
ACROSS THE ANIMAL KINGDOM. 横跨动物王国。
WHAT'S MUMMY DOING? 妈妈在做什么？
MANY NEWBORN ANIMALS ARRIVEREADY FOR THE WORLD. 世界上许多新生动物都已准备就绪。
THEY HAVE LIFE SKILLSBUILT IN RIGHT FROM BIRTH. 从出生起他们就拥有正确的生活技能。
A BABY ZEBRA CAN RUN WHENIT'S JUST 45 MINUTES OLD. 小斑马只要运行45分钟就可以运行。
BABY GIRAFFES LEARN HOWTO STAND WITHIN HOURS. 婴儿长笛学习如何在几小时内站立。
DOLPHINS ARE BORN SWIMMING. 海豚正在游泳。
NOW, THAT WOULD SEEMTO BE AN ADVANTAGE, 现在，这似乎是一种优势，
BUT PUT ANY OF THESE ANIMALSIN AN ECOSYSTEM 但是将任何这些动物放入生态系统
NOT TAILORED TO THEM,AND THEY WON'T SURVIVE. 没有量身定做，他们不会生存。
OH, LOOK ATTHAT ANIMAL. 哦，看看那动物。
WHAT IS THAT? 那是什么？
IN CONTRAST, MY SON ARRI IS TWO 相反，我的儿子阿里（ARISON）是两个
AND HE'S STILL DEPENDENT ON ME, 他仍然依赖我，
BUT ONE DAY, HE COULDLIVE IN ALASKA 但是有一天，他可以住在阿拉斯加
OR IN THE SAHARAOR ON THE MOON. 或在月球撒哈拉沙漠中。
IN OTHER WORDS, HE CANADAPT TO ANY ENVIRONMENT. 换句话说，他可以适应任何环境。
ALL RIGHT.THAT WAS FUN, HUH? 好的，那很有趣，呵呵？
AND THAT'S THANKS TO THE UNIQUEAND SPECTACULAR WAY 而且这要感谢独特的方式
THAT THE HUMAN BRAIN CAN MOLDTO FIT THE WORLD AROUND IT. 人类的大脑可以适应周围的世界。
HUMANS COME TO THE TABLE 人类来到餐桌上
PRE-PROGRAMMED FORCERTAIN THINGS, 针对某些事物进行了预先编程，
LIKE ABSORBING LANGUAGE ORMIMICKING FACIAL EXPRESSIONS, 喜欢吸收语言或模仿面部表情，
BUT THE THING THAT'SREALLY REMARKABLE ABOUT HUMANS 但是对于人类来说，这是非常重要的事情
IS THE DEGREE TO WHICHTHEIR BRAINS ARE UNFINISHED, 大脑未完成的程度，
AND THIS LEADS TO A PERIODOF PROLONGED HELPLESSNESS. 并且导致长时间的无幸福感。
BUT THE PLAN IS SIMPLE. 但是计划很简单。
INSTEAD OF HARD-WIRINGEVERYTHING THE WAY A RHINO DOES, 代替犀牛做的所有布线工作，
LET LIFE EXPERIENCE WIRE UPTHE REST OF THE BRAIN. 让生命的体验唤醒大脑的其余部分。
ARRIVE WITH SOMETHINGTHAT'S A LITTLE BIT SLOPPY 带着一点点懒洋洋的到来
AND TUNE IT UP ON THE FLY. 并立即进行调整。
[TODDLER BABBLING] [小玩意儿]
EAGLEMAN: WE LEARN ON THE JOB.IT SOUNDS RISKY, EAGLEMAN：我们学习了JOB.IT听起来有风险，
BUT THAT'S EXACTLY WHATYOUNG HUMAN BRAINS DO. 但这正是人类的大脑所能做的。
AND IT GIVES USAN EXTRAORDINARY ADVANTAGE 和它提供了美国的非凡优势
AS WE GROW AND LEARNAND ADAPT. 随着我们的成长，学习和适应。
WHAT'S THE SECRET BEHINDTHE FLEXIBILITY OF YOUNG BRAINS? 小脑的灵活性背后有什么秘密？
WELL, IT'S NOT ABOUTGROWING NEW CELLS. 好吧，这不是在增加新的细胞。
THE NUMBER OF CELLS IS THE SAMEIN CHILDREN AND IN ADULTS. 儿童和成人的细胞数相同。
INSTEAD, THE SECRET LIES INHOW THOSE CELLS ARE CONNECTED. 代替，秘密谎言连接了这些单元。
THIS 5-YEAR-OLDHAS ESSENTIALLY ALL OF 这个5岁的孩子基本上都有
THE BRAIN CELLSHE'S GOING TO HAVE. 脑细胞要拥有。
BUT WHAT'S HAPPENINGINSIDE HIS HEAD 但是他的头里面发生了什么
IS VERY DIFFERENT THAN WHAT'SHAPPENING INSIDE MINE. 不同于矿井内部的形状。
IN THE BRAINOF A NEWBORN BABY, 在新生婴儿的脑子里，
THE NEURONS ARE ONLYSTARTING TO COMMUNICATE. 神经元只是开始交流。
BUT THEN, OVER THE FIRSTTWO YEARS OF LIFE, 但是，在过去的两年中，
THOSE NEURONS BEGIN CONNECTINGEXTREMELY RAPIDLY, 这些神经元开始快速连接，
FORMING AS MANY AS TWO MILLIONNEW CONNECTIONS EVERY SECOND. 每秒形成两百万个新连接。
BY AGE TWO,A TYPICAL NEURON HAS 到了两岁，一个典型的神经元
MORE THAN 15,000 CONNECTIONS. 超过15,000个连接。
THAT IS ALMOST TWICE AS MANYAS FOUND IN AN ADULT. 这是成年男子亚美尼亚人的两倍。
SO WHAT HAPPENS IN BETWEEN? 那么这之间会发生什么呢？
WELL, AFTER THE AGE OF TWO, 好吧，两岁以后，
THE GROWTH IS HALTED. 增长停滞不前。
THE PROCESS OF BECOMING SOMEONEIS ABOUT PRUNING BACK 成为某人的过程与修剪有关
THE POSSIBILITIES THATARE ALREADY PRESENT. 已经存在的可能性。
YOU BECOME WHO YOU ARENOT BECAUSE OF 您成为自己的原因
WHAT GROWS IN YOUR BRAIN,BUT BECAUSE OF WHAT IS REMOVED. 由于删除的内容，您的大脑中增长的是什么。
AS WE GROWAND LEARN NEW SKILLS, 随着我们成长和学习新技能，
WE REDUCE THE NUMBER OFCONNECTIONS IN OUR BRAIN... 我们减少了我们大脑中的连接数...
IN FAVOR OF FOCUSINGON A SMALLER NUMBER 优先关注较小的数字
OF STRONGER CONNECTIONS. 更紧密的联系。
AS YOU LEARN TO READ,YOUR CIRCUITRY GETS CARVED 当您学习阅读时，您的电路图很重要
TO INTERPRET SQUIGGLESON A PAGE. 要解释S页。
THE CONNECTIONS GO FROM BEINGUNIVERSAL TO BEING SPECIFIC. 连接从普遍变为特定。
THOSE LINKS YOU DON'TUSE, YOU LOSE. 这些链接不使用，您会丢失。
OVER THE COURSE OF CHILDHOOD,BRAIN CIRCUITRY IS 在儿童课程上，脑电路是
WIRED UP ACCORDINGTO EXPERIENCE 根据经验进行接线
AND INTERACTIONWITH THE ENVIRONMENT. 与环境的互动。
BUT THIS DEPENDENCE ONTHE OUTSIDE WORLD IS A GAMBLE. 但是这种对外界的依赖是一个愚蠢的行为。
THE OUTSIDE WORLD WON'T ALWAYSPROVIDE WHAT A BRAIN NEEDS. 外部世界永远不会提供大脑需要的东西。
I'M GOING TO TRY... 我要尝试...
HA HA HA! 哈哈哈！
EAGLEMAN: THIS IS THE JENSENFAMILY FROM MILWAUKEE. EAGLEMAN：这是来自MILWAUKEE的JENSENFAMILY。
CAROL, BILL, THEIR SONS TOMAND JOHN, AND DAUGHTER VICTORIA. 卡罗尔，比尔，他们的儿子托曼·约翰和道格特·维多利亚。
THESE ARE NO ORDINARY CHILDREN: 这些不是普通的孩子：
ALL THREE WERE ADOPTEDFROM A ROMANIAN ORPHANAGE 所有这三项内容都是从罗马尼亚语的赠品中提取的
WHEN THEY WEREJUST 4 YEARS OLD. 当他们才四岁。
JOHN JENSEN: SO IT WAS 1996WE CAME TO THE UNITED STATES, 约翰·詹森：大约是1996年，美国到了美国，
AND THEN THAT WAS WHEN I TURNEDALMOST 4, ON AUGUST 5 OF 1996. 那是在1996年8月5日，我将第4轮换台时。
SO, YEAH. 嗯是的。
EAGLEMAN: IN 1989, AT THE FALLOF NICOLAI CEAUSESCU'S REGIME, 埃格曼：1989年，在尼古拉·凯乌斯苏斯（GIOLAE CEAUSESCU）的秋天，
THERE WERE 170,000 CHILDRENIN ROMANIAN ORPHANAGES. 罗马尼亚人的孤儿有170,000名儿童。
THE CHILDREN WERE OFTENKEPT IN APPALLING CONDITIONS, 孩子们在恶劣的条件下总是很紧张，
LEFT TO CRYWITHOUT HUMAN CONTACT. 无需人工干预即可哭泣。
MAN: YOU'D WALK INTO A ROOMAND YOU'D BE SURROUNDED 男人：你走进一个房间，会被包围
BY LITTLE KIDS WHOYOU'VE NEVER SEEN BEFORE... 以前从未见过的小孩子...
AND THEY WANT TO JUMP IN YOURARMS OR SIT IN YOUR LAP 并且他们想要跳起来或者坐在膝上
OR HOLD YOUR HANDOR WALK OFF WITH YOU. 或与您同行。
AND THIS SORT OF INDISCRIMINATEBEHAVIOR IS SORT OF 这种滥杀滥伤的排序方式就是
THE HALLMARK FEATURE OF KIDS WHOHAVE GROWN UP IN AN INSTITUTION. 在机构中成长的孩子的标志性特征。
IT'S SO OVERWHELMINGTHAT YOUR TENDENCY IS 太笼罩了您的倾向
TO GET VERY EMOTIONAL AND SOWE'D HAVE TO KEEP THAT IN CHECK 要获得良好的情感，我们必须保持对此进行检查
BECAUSE YOU DIDN'T WANT TODO THAT IN FRONT OF THE KIDS. 因为您不想在孩子面前这样做。
EAGLEMAN:DR. CHARLES NELSON WITNESSEDTHE CHILDREN'S BEHAVIOR EAGLEMAN：DR。
AND WONDERED IF IT WENT BEYONDMERE LONELINESS OR DISTRESS. 并且如果它变得孤单寂寞或痛苦，那将是奇妙的。
HAD ALL THAT NEGLECT IMPACTED 受到忽视的一切
THE PHYSICAL STRUCTUREOF THEIR BRAINS? 他们的大脑的物理结构？
NELSON: PARTICULARLYPOSTNATALLY, BRAINS NEED 纳尔逊：特别是后裔，需要大脑
EXPERIENCE IN ORDER TO DEVELOP. 有开发经验。
THE DEVELOPING BRAIN ISSEEKING OUT INFORMATION 发展中的大脑发出信息
AND SEEKING OUT EXPERIENCESAND IF THEY DON'T GET THOSE, 和寻求经验，如果他们不知道这些，
THE BRAIN DOESN'T KNOWHOW TO GET WIRED UP 脑子不知道该怎么做
AND BUILT CORRECTLY. 并正确建立。
THE KIDS IN THE INSTITUTION, 机构里的孩子们
THEY HAVE IQs INTHE 60s AND 70s, 他们在60年代和70年代拥有智商，
THEIR LANGUAGE IS VERY DELAYED, 他们的语言非常延迟，
THEY HAVE SEVEREATTACHMENT PROBLEMS, 他们有严格的问题，
AND THEY SHOW SIGNS OFAN UNDERDEVELOPED BRAIN. 并且它们显示了开发不足的大脑的迹象。
THEY HAD SMALL HEADS AND THEIREEG ACTIVITY WAS VERY REDUCED. 他们的脑袋小，THEIREEG的活动大大减少。
EAGLEMAN: DR. NELSONBEGAN LOOKING AT EAGLEMAN：DR。
THE ELECTRICAL ACTIVITYIN THESE CHILDREN'S BRAINS. 这些儿童大脑的电活动。
HE WAS ASTOUNDED TO DISCOVERTHAT THE CHILDREN HAD 他被发现是儿童的罪魁祸首
DRAMATICALLY REDUCEDNEURAL ACTIVITY. 戏剧性地减少活动。
BUT THERE WAS MORE. 但是还有更多。
HE FOUND EVIDENCE THATCHILDREN PLACED INTO FAMILIES 他发现证据证明撒切尔孩子被安置在家庭中
BEFORE THE AGE OF TWOGENERALLY RECOVERED. 在恢复第二代的年龄之前。
BUT FOR THOSE WHO DIDN'TLEAVE THE INSTITUTION 但要使机构满意
UNTIL OLDER THAN TWO,THEIR BRAIN DEVELOPMENT 直到两岁以上，他们的脑发育
WAS COMPROMISED. 被妥协了。
NELSON: THE LACK OF EXPERIENCESLEADS THE BRAIN 内尔森：缺乏经验可以减轻大脑
TO WIRE INCORRECTLY BECAUSE ITDOESN'T HAVE ANY INPUT INTO IT. 接线不正确是因为它没有任何输入。
AND AS A RESULT, NEURONSDON'T KNOW WHICH OTHER NEURONS 结果，神经元不知道其他神经元
THEY SHOULD BECOMMUNICATING WITH. 他们应该沟通。
EAGLEMAN: NELSON'S WORKREVEALED THAT WHEN EAGLEMAN：纳尔逊的作品在
THE BRAIN IS STARVED OF THETHINGS IT NEEDS, LIKE TOUCH, 脑筋疲力尽，例如触摸，
STIMULATION, LOVE, A CHILD'SDEVELOPMENT IS STUNTED. 兴奋，爱心，孩子的发育受阻。
THE ONLY RECORDTHE JENSEN CHILDREN HAVE 唯一记录的詹森儿童
OF THEIR EARLY YEARS ISA COUPLE OF POLAROIDS. 是POLISARDS早期的伊萨夫妇。
TOM JENSEN: IN THE ORPHANAGE,WE REALLY DIDN'T SPEAK ANY, 汤姆·詹森：在ORPHANAGE中，我们确实没有说过任何话，
LIKE, A KNOWN LANGUAGE. 像是一种已知的语言。
SO WHEN, LIKE, MY MOMASKED THE TAXI DRIVER 因此，当我被我的出租车司机盯上时
WHAT WE WERE SPEAKING, THE TAXIDRIVER WAS LIKE, "GIBBERISH." 我们正在说的是，出租车司机就像“乱语”。
[INDISTINCT CHATTER] [即时聊天]
EAGLEMAN: THE JENSENS WERE ALLADOPTED AFTER THE AGE OF TWO. EAGLEMAN：詹森斯在两岁以后就被分配了。
TOM JENSEN: IN THE ORPHANAGE,IT'S HARD. 汤姆·詹森（Tom Jensen）：很难做到。
IT WAS ROUGH. IT WAS,UH, IT WASN'T EASY. 它很粗糙。
UH, KIDS DIDN'T GETMUCH ATTENTION. 呃，孩子们没有引起注意。
EAGLEMAN: ALMOST 20 YEARS HAVEPASSED SINCE THEY LEFT ROMANIA. EAGLEMAN：自从离开罗马尼亚以来，已经过去了20年。
THEY STILL LIVE WITHTHE CONSEQUENCES 它们仍然可以承受后果
OF THAT EARLY NEGLECT. 早期忽视。
CAROL JENSEN: TOM HAS ADHD, ANDHE HAS LEARNING DISABILITIES, 卡罗尔·詹森：汤姆有多动症，并且他有学习障碍，
BUT NOT TO THE SAME EXTENTTHAT JOHN HAS. 但是不要像约翰那样。
FOR JOHN, IT... I THINKIT STARTED OUT HARD 对于约翰，这...我认为这很艰难
AND IT CONTINUES TO BE HARD. 而且它仍然很困难。
JOHN: WE WENT TO DOCTORS,PSYCHIATRISTS, PHYSICIANS, 约翰：我们去看医生，精神病医生，医生，
HELPING ME OUT THROUGH THE TOUGHTIMES THAT I HAVE RIGHT NOW, 在我现在正确的艰难时刻帮助我，
SO IT'S WORKING, SO I LIKE IT. 所以它很有效，所以我喜欢它。
EAGLEMAN: WITH THE SUPPORTOF A LOVING FAMILY, EAGLEMAN：在一个充满爱心的家庭的支持下，
THE JENSEN CHILDRENARE FINDING WAYS TO COPE 詹森儿童的应对方法
WITH THE SCARS OFTHEIR EARLY CHILDHOOD. 与他们早期儿童的疤痕。
WHAT WE EXPERIENCE IN OUREARLY YEARS GOES A LONG WAY 我们在早期的经历有很长的路要走
TOWARD DEFINING WHO WE BECOME. 定义我们成为谁。
EXPERIENCE PRUNESTHE BRAIN, BUT THAT'S NOT 体验修剪大脑，但并非如此
THE ONLY THING THATSHAPES WHO YOU ARE 您所能塑造的唯一事物
BECAUSE NO MATTER WHAT KINDOF LIFE YOU'VE LED, 因为您的LED寿命无所谓，
THE BRAIN IS ALSO ONA PREDETERMINED SCHEDULE 脑也是一个预定的时间表
DICTATED BY GENETICS. 由遗传学专门研究。
AND THAT MEANS THERE AREMAJOR CHANGES IN STORE. 并且这意味着商店中的广告变化。
[GIRLS SCREAMING] [女孩尖叫]
IN OUR TEENAGE YEARS, 在我们青少年时期，
HORMONES COURSEAROUND OUR BODIES, 荷尔蒙课程介绍我们的机构，
CAUSING DRAMATICPHYSICAL TRANSFORMATIONS. 引起剧烈的物理转换。
BUT OUT OF SIGHT,OUR BRAINS ARE UNDERGOING 但是，我们的大脑正在接受检查
EQUALLY MONUMENTAL CHANGES, 均等的变化，
ONES THAT PROFOUNDLY AFFECTHOW WE BEHAVE 深刻影响我们的行为
AND REACT TOTHE WORLD AROUND US. 并与我们周围的世界互动。
WE ALL INTUITTHAT TEENAGERS HAVE 我们都认为青少年有
A DIFFERENT VIEW ON THE WORLDTHAN CHILDREN OR ADULTS. 对世界儿童或成人的不同看法。
BUT WHAT'S NOT ALWAYS OBVIOUS ISTHAT THE WAY TEENS SEE THE WORLD 但是，并非总是显而易见的，这是世界看待世界的方式
IS NOT SIMPLY A CHOICEOR AN ATTITUDE. 不是单纯的态度。
INSTEAD, IT'S THE CONSEQUENCEOF A CHANGING BRAIN 代替，这是一个不断变化的大脑的后果
THAT'S RIGHT ON SCHEDULE. 时间表安排正确。
WHO THEY ARE RIGHT NOW ISBIOLOGICAL AND INEVITABLE. 他们现在是正确的，是生物学和不可避免的。
TO GET A SENSEOF THE TEEN BRAIN AT WORK, 要了解工作中的青少年大脑，
WE'RE RUNNING AN EXPERIMENT. 我们正在进行一项实验。
WITH THE HELP OF MYGRADUATE STUDENT RICKY SAVJANI, 有了研究生RICKY SAVJANI的帮助，
WE'RE GOING TO RIG UPVOLUNTEERS OF DIFFERENT AGES 我们将争取不同年龄的人
TO A MACHINE THATMEASURES STRESS LEVELS 测量压力水平的机器
BY GAUGING CHANGESIN THEIR SWEAT GLANDS. 通过测量其汗腺的变化。
HI THERE.I'M DR. EAGLEMAN. 嗨，我是博士。
THEN WE HAVE THEMSIT IN A SHOP WINDOW 然后我们将它们放在商店窗口中
TO BE GAWKED AT BY PASSERSBY. 被PASSERSBY惊呆了。
OK, CUETHE CURTAIN. 好，提示窗帘。
FIRST UP, AN ADULT. 首先，成人。
LOUISA'S STRESS RESPONSESEEMS TO BE 路易莎的压力反应
HOLDING ABOUT STEADY,AT A PRETTY LOW LEVEL. 保持稳定，保持低水平。
IT'S CLEAR THAT SHE'SRESPONDING TO PEOPLE BEING THERE 很明显，她是对有人在那里的反应
BUT HER STRESS RESPONSEIS SIMPLY NOT GOING UP. 但是她的压力反应根本没有上升。
BUT IN THE SAME SITUATION,THE TEEN BRAIN 但在同一情况下，青少年
RESPONDS VERY DIFFERENTLY. 做出不同的回应。
EAGLEMAN: OH, WOW,THAT'S A BIG RESPONSE. EAGLEMAN：哦，哇，这是一个很大的回应。
I'VE GOT TO AUTO SCALEHER HEARTBEAT 我已经准备好自动缩放心跳
'CAUSE IT'SGONE UP SO MUCH. 造成这种情况的原因很多。
YEAH. 是的
HER GALVANICSKIN RESPONSE ISREALLY HIGH NOW. 现在她的皮肤电反应真的很高。
IT JUST KEEPS GOING UP. 它只是保持上升。
IT SUGGESTS SHE'S STRESSED OUT. 它建议她的压力很大。
EAGLEMAN: HI, ZANDER.HOW ARE YOU? EAGLEMAN：嗨，ZANDER。你好吗？
I'M GOOD.GOOD, GOOD. 我很好，很好，很好。
EAGLEMAN: THE MORE THATHE AVERTS HIS GAZE, EAGLEMAN：避免这种情况的机会更大
THE HIGHER HIS STRESSRESPONSE IS GOING. 他的压力反应越来越高。
SO THIS IS PRESUMABLYHIS RESPONSE, 因此，这是应对措施，
IS TO PRETEND LIKEHE'S NOT THERE. 假装他不在。
EAGLEMAN: WHAT WORDSWOULD YOU USE TODESCRIBE HOW IT FELT? EAGLEMAN：您将使用什么词来描述感觉如何？
GIRL: AWKWARD.WEIRD, PRETTY MUCH. 女孩：很尴尬，很漂亮。
ZANDER: IT WAS DIFFERENT, HAVINGPEOPLE JUST, LIKE, STARE AT YOU 赞德：事情不一样，像哈维哥人民一样，一直在你身边
AND NOT KNOWING WHATTHEY WERE THINKING. 并且不知道他们在想什么。
EAGLEMAN: SO WHY THE BIGDIFFERENCE IN RESPONSE BETWEEN EAGLEMAN：为什么在响应之间存在生物差异
THE ADULTS AND THE TEENAGERS? 成人和青少年？
THE ANSWER INVOLVESAN AREA OF THE BRAIN 大脑的答案区域
CALLED THE MEDIALPREFRONTAL CORTEX. 呼叫内侧前皮质。
IT BECOMES ACTIVE WHENYOU THINK ABOUT YOURSELF, 当您对自己进行思考时，它就会变得活跃起来，
ESPECIALLY THEEMOTIONAL SIGNIFICANCE 特别是情感意义
OF A SITUATION TO YOURSELF. 自己的情况。
AS ONE GROWS FROMCHILDHOOD INTO ADOLESCENCE, 从儿童成长为拥护者，
THE ACTIVITY INTHIS AREA RISES, 该地区的活动不断增加，
PEAKING AROUND 15 YEARS OLD. 已有15年的历史。
NOW, SOCIAL SITUATIONS CARRYA LOT OF EMOTIONAL WEIGHT. 现在，社会状况带有很多情感上的重量。
IN ADULTS, THE STRESS RESPONSEFROM THAT 成人中的压力反应
FEELING OF BEING LOOKED ATIS RELATIVELY MODEST. 看上去比较呆板的感觉。
BUT IN TEENAGERS, THATSAME EXPERIENCE CAUSES 但是，青少年会带来同样的体验
SOCIAL EMOTIONS TO GOINTO OVERDRIVE. 过度情绪化的社会情感。
THE RESULT IS A STRESS RESPONSEOF HIGH INTENSITY. 结果是高强度的应力响应。
IT'S NOT JUST ABOUTSELF-CONSCIOUSNESS. 这不仅仅是关于自知之明。
THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE TEENBRAIN HAS OTHER CONSEQUENCES... 青少年大脑的发展还有其他后果...
INCLUDING POOR IMPULSE CONTROL. 包括不良的脉冲控制。
PARTS OF THE PREFRONTAL CORTEXARE STILL DEVELOPING. 前皮质部分仍在发展。
THOSE PARTS AREINVOLVED IN SIMULATING 这些部分与刺激有关
THE CONSEQUENCES OF ACTIONS, 行动的后果
AND THAT TRANSLATES INTOGREATER RISK-TAKING. 并转变为更大的风险承担。
BUT WHAT HAPPENS WHENTHINGS CALM DOWN? 但是当出现故障时会发生什么？
ONCE THE RUSH OF OURTEENAGE YEARS IS OVER, 过去几年的忙碌之后，
DO OUR BRAINS STOP CHANGING? 我们的大脑会停止变化吗？
IS WHO WE ARE FIXED IN STONEONCE WE REACH ADULTHOOD? 我们会陷入僵局吗？
WELL, IT'S TRUE THATMOST OF THE DRAMATIC SHIFTS 好吧，那真是戏剧般的碎片
IN BRAIN STRUCTURE ARE DONEBY OUR EARLY TWENTIES... 二十多岁就完成了大脑结构的研究...
AND FOR A LONG TIME RESEARCHERSTHOUGHT THAT WAS THAT. 长期以来，研究人员都认为是这样。
BUT I'VE COME TO LONDONTO LOOK AT A PIONEERING STUDY 但是我要来伦敦看一下先锋研究
THAT REVEALS HOWEVEN IN ADULTHOOD, 揭示了成年后的表现
OUR BRAINS CAN UNDERGORADICAL PHYSICAL CHANGES. 我们的大脑可能会发生根本的物理变化。
THE STUDY OF THE KNOWLEDGE IS 知识的研究是
640 QUARTER MILERADIUS AREAS... 640 QUALER MILERADIUS区域...
24,000 STREETS AND ROADSTHAT NEED TO BE LEARNT... 需要学习24,000条街道和道路...
50,000 PLACES OF INTEREST. 50,000个感兴趣的地方。
EAGLEMAN: WHAT IS KNOWNAS "THE KNOWLEDGE" EAGLEMAN：什么叫“知识”
IS A TEST OF RECALL... 是召回测试...
OF ALL THE STREETS IN LONDON. 在伦敦的所有街道中。
THE DRIVER OF EVERY BLACK CABHAS TO PASS IT TO GET A LICENSE. 每个黑驾驶舱的驾驶员都可以通过它来获取许可。
MAN: BAYSWATER ROAD FROMMARBLE ARCH, ROUND PARK LANE... 男人：圆拱巷的大理石拱门的海滨道...
EAGLEMAN: IT'S ONE OFTHE WORLD'S MOST DIFFICULT EAGLEMAN：这是世界上最困难的事情之一
FEATS OF MEMORY, AND COMPLETINGIT USUALLY TAKES 记忆的成就和通常的成就
OVER 4 YEARS OFINTENSIVE STUDY. 四年多的密集学习。
MAN: PEOPLE WILL SPEND3 TO 4 HOURS A DAY 男人：人们每天要花费3到4个小时
RECITING PRETEND JOURNEYS. 假装之旅。
THAT STARTS TO MAKE THEM..."SEE IT" IS THE TERM WE USE... 开始使它们...“使用它”是我们使用的术语...
HOW TO GET AROUND LONDON. 如何前往伦敦。
EAGLEMAN: THE UNIQUEMENTAL CHALLENGE OF PASSING"THE KNOWLEDGE" EAGLEMAN：通过“知识”的独特挑战
MADE IT OF PARTICULAR INTERESTTO A GROUP OF NEUROSCIENTISTS. 对一组神经科学专家产生了特殊的兴趣。
THEY BEGAN DOING BRAIN SCANSOF THE DRIVERS BEFORE, 他们开始做驾驶员的脑筋之前，
DURING, AND AFTERTHE RIGOROUS TRAINING. 在进行严格的培训期间和之后。
THEY WERE INTERESTEDIN AN AREA OF THE BRAIN 他们对大脑区域感兴趣
CALLED THE POSTERIORHIPPOCAMPUS. 召集后海马队。
IT UNDERPINS SPATIAL MEMORY. 它巩固了空间记忆。
AT THE BEGINNING, IT LOOKEDJUST LIKE EVERYONE ELSE'S, 在开始时，就像每个人一样，
BUT BY THE END OF THE TRAINING,IT HAD GROWN PHYSICALLY LARGER. 但是到培训结束时，它的身体已经长大了。
ALL THE MAP-MEMORIZING,ALL THE DRIVING, 所有的地图存储，所有的驱动，
ALL THE SIMULATIONOF FUTURE ROUTES... 未来路线的所有模拟...
THIS RESHAPEDTHEIR BRAIN ANATOMY 这重塑了他们的大脑解剖
TO MATCH THE TASK AT HAND. 随时随地进行任务。
THE LONGER A CABBIEHAD BEEN DOING HIS JOB, 骑自行车的人不再做他的工作，
THE BIGGER THE CHANGEIN THAT BRAIN REGION. 在该地区的变化更大。
EVEN WHEN WE'RE ADULTS,OUR BRAINS CAN STILL CHANGE. 即使是成人，我们的大脑仍会发生变化。
SOMETHING THAT CAN BE SHAPED 可以塑造的东西
AND HOLD ON TO THAT SHAPEIS WHAT WE CALL PLASTIC, 并坚持我们所谓的塑料形状，
AND THAT'S HOW IT GOESWITH THE ADULT BRAIN: 以及成人脑如何运作：
EXPERIENCE CHANGES IT,AND IT RETAINS THAT CHANGE. 经验改变了它，并且它恢复了这种变化。
IT'S MALLEABLE,IT HAS PLASTICITY. 这是可恶意的，具有可塑性。
THAT MEANS THAT WHO YOU ARE,AND WHO YOU CAN BE, 表示您是谁，您可能是谁，
IS A WORK IN PROGRESS. 是一项进展中的工作。
MANY ACTIVITIES CAN CAUSETHE BRAIN TO TRANSFORM. 许多活动可能会导致大脑发生转化。
FOR EXAMPLE, LEARNINGA MUSICAL INSTRUMENT 例如，学习乐器
CAN PRODUCE DRAMATIC CHANGES. 可能导致戏剧性变化。
MUSICIANS CAN LEARN LANGUAGESMORE QUICKLY 音乐家可以更快地学习语言
AND HAVE IMPROVED MEMORYAS A RESULT OF THE WAY 并改善了存储方式
YEARS OF PRACTICE HAVEALTERED THEIR BRAINS. 多年的实践改变了他们的大脑。
ALBERT EINSTEIN'S BRAINWAS EXAMINED AFTER DEATH 死后对阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦的大脑进行了检查
BY RESEARCHERS. 由研究人员。
THEY WERE HUNTINGFOR SIGNS OF GENIUS. 他们正在寻找天蝎座的迹象。
BUT INSTEAD, THEY DISCOVEREDTHE BRAIN AREA 但是，他们发现了大脑区域
DEVOTED TO OPERATINGTHE FINGERS OF THE LEFT HAND 致力于操作左手的手指
WAS MUCH LARGER THAN NORMAL...ALL THANKS TO HIS 比正常大得多...全部感谢他
LESS COMMONLY KNOWN PASSIONFOR PLAYING THE VIOLIN. 很少有演奏小提琴的热情。
HI, PADDINGTONSTATION. OK. 嗨，PADDINGTONSTATION。
IN FACT,EVERYTHING WE EXPERIENCE 实际上，我们所经历的一切
WILL ALTER THE PHYSICALSTRUCTURE OF OUR BRAIN 会改变我们大脑的物理结构
IN SOME WAY... MEANING THATFOR AS LONG AS WE'RE ALIVE, 从某种意义上讲...意味着我们还活着，
OUR IDENTITIES AREN'T FIXED,BUT CONSTANTLY CHANGING. 我们的身份没有固定，但是不断变化。
FROM OUR JOBSTO FALLING IN LOVE, 从我们的工作到坠入爱河，
HAVING KIDS,
AND SPENDING TIME WITH FRIENDS. 和朋友在一起。
ALL OF THESE CHANGETHE WIRING OF YOUR BRAIN 所有这些改变您的大脑的连线
TO MAKE YOU WHO YOU ARE,AND WHO YOU CAN BECOME. 让您成为自己，成为自己。
BUT THE BRAINCAN ALSO CHANGE IN WAYS THAT 但是BRAINCAN也会以这种方式改变
WE HAVE NO CONTROL OVER... 我们无法控制...
WAYS THAT CAN HAVEA TERRIBLE IMPACT 可能造成严重影响的方式
ON OUR PERSONALITY AND ACTIONS. 关于我们的人格和行动。
WE SEE THIS IN A LETTERDISCOVERED BY POLICE 我们在警察发现的一封信中看到了这一点
IN THE WAKE OFA VIOLENT TRAGEDY 在一场暴力悲剧中
THAT HAPPENED IN AUSTIN, TEXAS,IN THE SUMMER OF 1966. 1966年夏季，这种情况发生在德克萨斯州的奥斯丁。
25-YEAR-OLD CHARLES WHITMANWAS A MODEL CITIZEN. 25岁的查尔斯·惠特曼是一位公民模型。
HE HAD BEEN AN EAGLE SCOUT, 他曾是一名鹰探，
HE'D BEEN HONORABLYDISCHARGED FROM THE MILITARY. 他已经从军事上被正式解雇了。
HE WAS WORKINGAS A BANK TELLER 他当时是一名银行电话工作人员
AND STUDYING ASAN ENGINEERING STUDENT, 和研究ASAN工程专业的学生，
YET WHAT HE'D WRITTENPOINTED TO 但他曾写过什么
A DISTURBING CHANGEIN HIS PERSONALITY. 令人不安的个性变化。
"I DON'T REALLY UNDERSTANDMYSELF THESE DAYS. “这些天我真的不太了解。
"I'M SUPPOSED TO BE AN AVERAGE, “我应该是平均水平，
"REASONABLE, AND INTELLIGENTYOUNG MAN. “合理，聪明的年轻人。
"HOWEVER, LATELY... I CAN'TRECALL WHEN IT STARTED... “但是，最近...开始时我无法回想...
"I HAVE BEEN A VICTIMOF MANY UNUSUAL “我被许多非同寻常的受害者
AND IRRATIONAL THOUGHTS." 和不合理的思想。”
WHAT WHITMAN WAS DESCRIBINGWERE THOUGHTS 关于惠特曼的描述是什么
THAT WOULD LEAD TO KILLING. 那将导致杀戮。
NEWSREEL NARRATOR: DEATHAND TERROR STOP THE CAMPUS 新闻叙事者：死亡和恐怖停止校园
OF THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXASIN AUSTIN, 德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校
AS A SNIPER'S BULLETS FORCEPEOPLE TO SCURRY FOR COVER. 作为狙击手的力量，人们迫切需要掩护。
A STREAM OFDEADLY ACCURATE FIRE 一连串致命的火灾
SENDS BODIES CRUMPLINGTO THE GROUND EVERYWHERE... 将尸体发送到遍布各地的身体...
EAGLEMAN: ON AUGUST 1, 1966,WHITMAN TOOK AN ELEVATOR 伊格曼：1966年8月1日，怀特曼乘坐电梯
TO THE TOP OF THE UNIVERSITYOF TEXAS TOWER. 到德克萨斯大学塔顶。
NEWSREEL NARRATOR:AN ARMORED TRUCK... 新闻速递旁白：装甲卡车...
EAGLEMAN: THERE, HE STARTEDFIRING INDISCRIMINATELY EAGLEMAN：在那里，他开始不加选择地开火
AT THE PEOPLE BELOW. 在下面的人。
NEWSREEL NARRATOR: VICTIMS WEREBEING HIT AT A RATE OF 新闻速递旁白：被害者的命中率
MORE THAN ONEEVERY 3 MINUTES. 超过3分钟。
EAGLEMAN: 13 PEOPLE WERE KILLEDAND 33 WOUNDED, EAGLEMAN：有13个人被杀，33人受伤，
UNTIL WHITMAN HIMSELF WASFINALLY SHOT DEAD BY THE POLICE. 直到惠特曼·希姆瑟尔夫（Whitman HIMSELF）最终被警察追捕。
NEWSREEL NARRATOR: HIS TOWERARSENAL INCLUDED 3 RIFLES, NEWSREEL旁白：他的TOWERRSENAL包括3个步枪，
A SHOTGUN, TWO PISTOLS,AND A KNIFE. 一把手枪，两把手枪和一把刀。
EAGLEMAN: WHEN POLICE REACHEDHIS HOUSE, THEY DISCOVERED THAT EAGLEMAN：当警察REACHEDHIS房屋时，他们发现了
HE'D KILLED HIS WIFE ANDHIS MOTHER THE NIGHT BEFORE. 他杀了他的妻子，并在夜幕降临时为母亲。
THERE WAS ONLYONE THING MORE SURPRISING 仅此而已
THAN THIS RANDOM ACTOF VIOLENCE, AND THAT IS 不只是这种暴力行为，而是
THERE WAS NOTHING REALLY ABOUTCHARLES WHITMAN THAT SUGGESTED 并没有真正建议的查理·惠特曼
HE WOULD DOSOMETHING LIKE THIS. 他会为此撒些东西。
IT SEEMEDCOMPLETELY SENSELESS. 它看起来完全是感觉。
BUT THE LETTER THEYFOUND IN HIS HOME, 但他们在他家发现了信件
WRITTEN PRIOR TO THE KILLINGS, 写在杀人之前
SUGGESTED A POSSIBLEEXPLANATION FOR HIS ACTIONS. 建议采取可能的行动。
IN THE NOTE, HE MADEAN UNUSUAL REQUEST. 在说明中，他提出了不寻常的要求。
"AFTER MY DEATH, I WISH THAT ANAUTOPSY WOULD BE PERFORMED ON ME “我死后，我希望对我进行解剖
TO SEE IF THERE IS ANYVISIBLE PHYSICAL DISORDER." 请查看是否存在明显的身体不适。”
WHITMAN'S WISH WAS GRANTED. 惠特曼的愿望已授予。
DURING THE AUTOPSY,THE PATHOLOGISTS FOUND 在尸检期间，病科医生发现
THAT WHITMAN HAD A BRAIN TUMOR. 那个惠特曼有脑瘤。
IT WAS ABOUT THE SIZEOF A NICKEL, 关于镍的大小，
AND IT WAS PRESSING AGAINSTA PART OF HIS BRAIN 并且它正在压制他的大脑的一部分
CALLED THE AMYGDALA, WHICH ISINVOLVED IN FEAR AND AGGRESSION. 被称为恐惧和侵略的扁桃体。
THIS PRESSURE ON THE AMYGDALALED TO A CASCADE 施加到级联上的压力
OF CONSEQUENCESIN WHITMAN'S BRAIN, 惠特曼脑的后果
RESULTING IN HIM TAKING ACTIONS 结果他采取行动
THAT WOULD OTHERWISE BECOMPLETELY OUT OF CHARACTER. 否则，它将完全不受字符限制。
HIS BRAIN MATTERHAD BEEN CHANGING, 他的大脑MATTERHAD发生了变化，
AND WHO HE WAS CHANGED WITH IT. 和他改变了它。
WHITMAN'S EXAMPLE IS EXTREME, 惠特曼的榜样是极端的
BUT OTHER LESS DRAMATICCHANGES IN THE BRAIN 但是大脑中其他戏剧性的变化
ALSO ALTER THE FABRICOF WHO WE ARE. 还改变了我们的面料。
PARKINSON'S DISEASECAN LEAD SOME PEOPLE... 帕金森氏病可能导致某些人...
EVEN THE MOST DEVOUT...TO LOSE THEIR FAITH, 即使是最虔诚的人……失去信心，
AND A MEDICATION FOR PARKINSON'SCAN LEAD TO COMPULSIVE GAMBLING. 以及帕金森氏症的药物可能导致强迫性赌博。
AND IT'S NOT JUST DISEASEOR DRUGS THAT CAN CHANGE US. 并不仅仅是改变我们的疾病药物。
FROM THE THINGS WE CONSUMETO THE SIMPLE PROCESS OF AGING, 从我们所消费的事物来看，衰老的简单过程
EVERYTHING CONTRIBUTESTO CONTINUALLY RESHAPING 一切都在不断重塑
THE NEURAL NETWORKSTHAT AMOUNT TO US. 对我们来说足够的神经网络。
SO WHO WE ARE CHANGESIN THE COURSE OF OUR LIFE 因此，我们在人生历程中发生了变化
AS OUR BRAIN CHANGES. 作为我们的大脑变化。
BUT THANKFULLY,THERE'S ONE CONSTANT 非常感谢，有一个常数
THAT LINKS IT ALL TOGETHER. 链接在一起。
IT'S A PILLAROF OUR PERSONALITY... 这是我们个性的支柱...
MEMORY. 记忆。
MEMORY SITS RIGHTAT THE CORE OF OUR IDENTITY... 记忆就位于我们的身份核心...
IT GIVES OUR LIVES A NARRATIVE, 它给我们的生活带来叙事，
ONE THAT WE CAN SHARE,ONE THAT HAS MEANING. 我们可以分享的一种，就意味着一种。
BUT THERE'S A PROBLEM... 但是有一个问题...
MEMORY ISN'T ALWAYS RELIABLE. 内存并非始终可靠。
TO UNDERSTAND HOWIT ALTERS AND WHY, 要了解如何操作以及为什么，
I'VE COME UP WITH A LITTLETHOUGHT EXPERIMENT. 我要参加一个合法的实验。
MEET 35-YEAR-OLD DAISY. 满足35岁的雏菊。
SO IMAGINEDAISY COULD MEETHER 5-YEAR-OLD SELF. 因此，想象力可以满足5岁以上的自我。
SAME PERSON, SAMELIFE EXPERIENCES, 相同的人，SAMELIFE的经验，
A SUBSET OFHER MEMORIES. 她的记忆的子集。
OR WHAT IF DAISY COULDMEET HER 85-YEAR-OLD SELF, 还是如果戴西（DAISY）可以接受她85岁的自我，
THE SAME PERSON, BUTEXPERIENCES PLAYED OUT MORE. 相同的人，BUTEXPERIENCES发挥更多。
IMAGINE THAT DAISY COULDMEET ALL OF HER SELVES 想象一下，雏菊会让她所有的自我
ACROSS THE SPECTRUMOF HER LIFETIME. 纵观她的一生。
YOU MIGHT THINKTHAT ALL THESE DAISYS 您可能会想到所有这些雏菊
WOULD SHARE THE EXACTSAME MEMORIES. 将共享完全相同的记忆。
BUT ALTHOUGH THEIR MEMORIESRELATE BACK TO THE SAME EVENTS, 但它们的记忆与同一事件有关，
IN FACT, WHAT THEY REMEMBER ISLIKELY TO BE QUITE DIFFERENT. 实际上，它们的含义很不一样。
AND THAT'S BECAUSE OF WHATA MEMORY ACTUALLY IS. 这实际上是什么内存的原因。
SO A FEW YEARS AGO,I WENT OUT FOR DINNER 这么多年了，我出去吃饭了
TO CELEBRATE MY FRIEND CHERYL'SBIRTHDAY WITH HER BOYFRIEND JOE. 与她的男友乔庆祝我的朋友谢丽尔·生日。
I REMEMBER IT DISTINCTLYBECAUSE IT WAS SO ENJOYABLE. 我特别记得，因为它是如此令人愉快。
EVERYTHING I EXPERIENCEDTHAT EVENING 晚上我所经历的一切
TRIGGERED PARTICULAR PATTERNSOF ACTIVITY IN MY BRAIN, 我的脑中触发的特定活动模式
LIGHTING UP CONSTELLATIONSOF CELLS. 点亮细胞群。
THE CONVERSATION BETWEENJOE AND CHERYL. 朱伊和谢丽尔之间的对话。
THE SMELL OF THE COFFEE. 咖啡的味道。
THE TASTE OF THISLITTLE FRENCH CAKE. 这款法式法式蛋糕的味道。
ALL OF THESE CONSTELLATIONSBECAME LINKED WITH ONE ANOTHER 所有这些星座都与另一个联系在一起
IN A VAST ASSOCIATIVENETWORK OF NEURONS 在庞大的神经网络中
THAT THE HIPPOCAMPUS REPLAYEDOVER AND OVER 海马一遍又一遍地播放
UNTIL THE ASSOCIATIONBECAME FIXED, 直到确定协会已修复，
AND THAT WAS THE UNIQUESIGNATURE OF THIS EXPERIENCE. 这就是这种体验的独特之处。
THAT WOULD BECOME MY MEMORYOF CHERYL'S BIRTHDAY. 这将成为我对CHERYL生日的纪念。
SO IS A MEMORY SIMPLY LIKEWATCHING AN OLD VIDEO RECORDING 只需简单地观看旧视频记录就可以了
THAT WE JUSTCALL UP AND REPLAY? 我们只是召集并重播？
IT FEELS LIKE THAT, BUT INREALITY IT'S QUITE DIFFERENT. 感觉就像，但它完全不同。
MEMORIES ARE ACTUALLYBRAIN STATES FROM A BYGONE TIME 记忆是过去的时间实际上是大脑状态
THAT WE HAVE TO RESURRECT. 我们必须恢复。
SO HERE I AM6 MONTHS LATER, 所以我晚6个月，
IN A TOTALLY DIFFERENT CITY,AND I TASTE 在一个完全不同的城市，我尝到了
ONE OF THESE LITTLEFRENCH CAKES AGAIN, 这些蛋糕的蛋糕之一，
AND IT'S JUST LIKETHE ONE THAT I HAD 它就像我所拥有的一个
AT CHERYL'S BIRTHDAY PARTY. 在CHERYL的生日派对上。
AND IN MY BRAIN, THISVERY SPECIFIC TRIGGER 在我的大脑中，此特定触发
LIGHTS UP A WHOLE WEBOF ASSOCIATIONS, 点亮了整个WEBOF协会，
LIKE THE LIGHTS OFA CITY COMING ONLINE, 就像城市在线上的灯光一样，
AND SUDDENLY I'M BACKIN THAT MEMORY. 突然之间，我又回到了记忆中。
BUT IT'S NOT AS RICH ASI WOULD HAVE IMAGINED. 但是它不会像想象中那样丰富。
I KNOW THATJOE AND CHERYL WERE THERE, 我知道那里有乔伊和谢丽尔，
AND CHERYL, I THINK,WAS WEARING A BLUE SHIRT. 我想，CHERYL穿着蓝色衬衫。
OR MAYBE IT WAS PURPLE. 还是紫色。
ACTUALLY, MAYBE IT WAS GREEN. 实际上，也许是绿色的。
THE MEMORY OF CHERYL'SBIRTHDAY, IN MY BRAIN, 在我的大脑里，CHERYL'SSBIRTHDAY的记忆
HAS STARTED TO FADE. 已开始淡出。
OUR MEMORIES FADE GRADUALLY,BECAUSE OUR BRAIN ONLY HAS 我们的记忆逐渐消失，因为我们的大脑只有
A FINITE NUMBER OF NEURONS, 有限的神经元
WHICH OVER TIME GET USEDFOR OTHER MEMORIES. 随着时间的推移将其用于其他内存。
IT MEANS THAT THE DETAILSHAVE NOW BECOME A LITTLE HAZY. 这意味着详细信息现在变得有点模糊。
WHAT MATTERS IS THAT I REMEMBERTHAT WE HAD A GREAT TIME. 我要记住的是，我们度过了一段美好的时光。
BUT EVEN THAT'SNOT TOTALLY CERTAIN. 但即使如此，也无法完全确定。
BECAUSE IN THEINTERVENING MONTHS, 因为中间的几个月，
JOE AND CHERYL HAVE BROKEN UP. 乔和谢丽尔分手了。
AND SO NOW I'M WONDERING... DID ISENSE ANY RED FLAGS THERE? 因此，我现在想知道...那里是否有红色标记？
THE STATE OF MYEMOTIONS RIGHT NOW 现在的运动状态
CHANGES THE NETWORKTHAT CORRESPONDS TO THEN. 更改与之相对应的网络。
MY PRESENT COLORS MY PAST. 我当前的颜色我的过去。
WHAT THIS MEANS FOR ALL OF US 这对我们所有人意味着什么
IS THAT THE SAME EVENT WILLBE REMEMBERED DIFFERENTLY, 是同一事件将被不同地记住，
DEPENDING ON WHERE YOU AREAT THAT POINT IN YOUR LIFE. 取决于您生活中的那个地点。
SO HOW RELIABLEARE OUR MEMORIES? 那么我们的记忆可靠吗？
HOW FAR CAN THEY BE ALTERED? 他们可以更改多少？
AND WHY DO OUR BRAINSWORK THAT WAY? 为什么我们的大脑会这样工作？
THE FIRST SUGGESTION ABOUTHOW VULNERABLE OUR MEMORY IS 关于如何破坏我们的记忆的第一个建议
CAME WITHTHE GROUNDBREAKING WORK 突破地面的工作
OF PROFESSOR ELIZABETH LOFTUS. 伊丽莎白·洛夫图斯教授
SHE DEVISED THIS SIMPLEEXPERIMENT IN WHICH VOLUNTEERS 她在志愿者中设计了这种简单的实验
WATCHED FILMS OF CAR CRASHES. 观看到的汽车崩溃电影。
SHE THEN ASKED THEMA SERIES OF QUESTIONS 然后她问了主题系列
TO TEST WHAT THEY REMEMBERED. 测试他们的记忆。
SO IF I ASK YOUA QUESTION, YOU KNOW, 所以，如果我问您一个问题，您知道，
HOW FAST WERE THE CARS GOINGWHEN THEY HIT EACH OTHER, 当彼此撞车时，汽车的行驶速度有多快，
VERSUS HOW FASTWERE THE CARS GOING 与如何快速普及汽车
WHEN THEY SMASHEDINTO EACH OTHER, 当他们彼此SMASHEDINTO时，
WITNESSES GIVE DIFFERENTESTIMATES OF SPEED. 证人给出不同的速度估计。
THEY THINK THE CARSWERE GOING FASTER 他们认为汽车变得更快
IF YOU USEDTHE WORD SMASHED. 如果您使用“混搭”一词。
AND SO THIS WAS ONE OFMY EARLIEST EXAMPLESSHOWING THAT 所以这是我最早的例子之一
LEADING QUESTIONS CANDISTORT THE ANSWERS 领先的问题可能扭曲答案
AND CAN CONTAMINATEA PERSON'S MEMORY. 并且会污染人的记忆。
EAGLEMAN: THE DISCOVERYTHAT EXISTING MEMORIESCOULD BE DISTORTED EAGLEMAN：现有的记忆被扭曲的发现
LED LOFTUS TO ASKA MORE RADICAL QUESTION. LED LOFTUS向ASKA提出了更多的自由基问题。
WOULD IT BE POSSIBLE TO IMPLANTENTIRELY FALSE MEMORIES? 是否可能会永久地伪造记忆？
TO FIND OUT, SHE DEVISEDANOTHER EXPERIMENT. 为了找出答案，她设计了另一项实验。
SHE RECRUITED VOLUNTEERSAND THEN HAD HER TEAM 她招募了志愿者并组成了她的团队
CALL THEIR FAMILIESFOR INFORMATION 致电其家庭以获取信息
ABOUT EVENTS FROM THEIR PAST. 关于过去的事件。
THE RESEARCHERSTHEN PUT TOGETHER 研究人员在一起
A NUMBER OF STORIESABOUT THEIR CHILDHOODS. 有关儿童的许多故事。
3 WERE TRUE. 3是正确的。
BUT ONE, WHILESOUNDING PLAUSIBLE, 但是有可能，
WAS ENTIRELY MADE UP. 完全弥补了。
THE STORY INVOLVEDTHE VOLUNTEER 故事涉及义工
GETTING LOST INA SHOPPING MALL AS A CHILD...
THEN BEING FOUND BYA KIND OLD PERSON... 然后被亲切的老人们发现...
AND THEN REUNITEDWITH HER PARENTS. 然后与她的父母团聚。
WHEN TOLD THE 4 STORIES, 讲四个故事时，
AT LEAST A QUARTEROF THE PARTICIPANTS 至少有四分之一的参与者
CLAIMED THEY COULD REMEMBERBEING LOST IN THE MALL... 声称他们可能会忘记在商场里...
EVEN THOUGH IT NEVER HAPPENED. 甚至从未发生过。
6 AT THE TIME. 当时6。
MAN: YOU CRY ORANYTHING LIKE THAT... 男人：你哭或有什么...
YEAH, NO, I DID CRY.CRIED A LOT. 是的，不，我哭了很多。
EAGLEMAN: AND THE EXPERIMENTDIDN'T STOP THERE. EAGLEMAN：实验并没有停止。
LOFTUS: THEY MAY START TOREMEMBER A LITTLE BIT ABOUT IT. LOFTUS：他们可能会开始记得一点点有关它的信息。
BUT WHEN THEY COME BACKA WEEK LATER, 但是当他们回来一周之后，
THEY'RE STARTINGTO REMEMBER MORE. 他们开始想起更多。
MAYBE THEY'LL TALK ABOUT THEOLDER WOMAN WHO RESCUED THEM. 也许他们会同挽救他们的年长妇女谈一谈。
"I THINK I HEARD MY NAMEOVER A LOUDSPEAKER." “我想我听到了扬声器的名字。”
EAGLEMAN: OVER TIME, EAGLEMAN：随着时间的流逝，
MORE AND MORE DETAIL CREPTINTO THEIR FALSE MEMORY. 越来越多的细节隐瞒了他们的虚假记忆。
THE OLD LADY WAS WEARINGTHIS CRAZY HAT. 老太太戴着这顶疯狂的帽子。
"I HAD MY FAVORITE TOY." “我有自己喜欢的玩具。”
"MY MOM WAS SO MAD." “我的妈妈很疯狂。”
THE INVENTION OF THESENEW DETAILS THAT GO WAY BEYOND 这些新细节的发明
ANYTHING WEPRESENTED TO THEM 所需要的任何东西
AS COMINGFROM THEIR MOTHER 作为母亲
WERE PRETTY IMPRESSIVE TO US. 漂亮对我们印象深刻。
EAGLEMAN: LOFTUS HAD DISCOVEREDTHAT NOT ONLY IS IT POSSIBLE EAGLEMAN：LOFTUS已被发现，不仅可能
TO IMPLANT ENTIRELY NEWMEMORIES IN THE BRAIN, 要在脑中植入全新的记忆，
WE NATURALLY EMBRACEAND EMBELLISH THEM... 我们自然地拥抱和装饰他们...
UNKNOWINGLY WEAVING FANTASY INTOTHE VERY FABRIC OF WHO WE ARE. 毫不知情地将幻想编织到了我们所居住的面料中。
AND WE'RE ALL SUSCEPTIBLE,EVEN LOFTUS HERSELF. 而且我们都很容易，甚至是LOFTUS女士。
LOFTUS: MY MOTHER HAD DROWNEDWHEN I WAS 14. LOFTUS：我14岁时，我的母亲已经昏昏欲睡。
AND YEARS LATER,I HAD GONE TOA BIRTHDAY CELEBRATION, 后来的几年，我去参加生日庆祝会，
AND ONE OF MY OTHER RELATIVESSTARTED TO TALK ABOUT MY MOTHER. 和我的其他一位亲戚开始谈论我的母亲。
AND THIS RELATIVESTARTED TO TELL ME THAT 并且这个相对开始告诉我
I WAS THE ONE THAT FOUND 我是找到的那个
MY MOTHER'S BODYIN THE SWIMMING POOL. 我母亲在游泳池里的身体。
AND HE WASSO CONVINCING THAT 和他瓦索说服
I WENT HOMEFROM THAT BIRTHDAY 我那天那天去了家
AND I STARTED TO THINK,MAYBE I DID. 然后我开始思考，我很想。
I STARTED TO THINK ABOUT OTHERTHINGS THAT I DID REMEMBER, 我开始思考我记得的其他事情，
LIKE WHEN THE FIREMEN CAME,THEY GAVE ME OXYGEN, 就像消防员来了一样，给了我氧气
MAYBE I NEEDED THE OXYGEN'CAUSE I WAS 也许我需要氧气的原因
SO UPSET THAT I FOUND THE BODY, 所以说我找到了身体
AND I COULD ALMOST VISUALIZEMY MOTHER IN THE SWIMMING POOL. 而且我几乎可以在游泳池里看到母亲。
EAGLEMAN: BUT THEN SOMETHINGHAPPENED THAT WOULD MAKE LOFTUS EAGLEMAN：但随后发生的事情会使LOFTUS感到困惑
REALIZE HER MEMORYHAD BEEN TRICKED. 实现她的记忆被欺骗。
LOFTUS: THE RELATIVE CALLEDAND SAID, "I MADE A MISTAKE, LOFTUS：相对的Calledand说，“我犯了一个错误，
IT WASN'T YOU, IT WAS THE AUNT,WHO FOUND THE BODY." 是不是您，是那个人，谁找到了身体？”
AND SO I THOUGHT, BOY, THAT'S...THAT'S WHAT IT FEELS LIKE, WHEN 所以我想，男孩，那...那感觉就像什么时候
YOU'RE ON YOUR WAY TO DEVELOPINGSUCH A RICH FALSE MEMORY. 您正在路上发展丰富的虚假记忆。
EAGLEMAN: OUR PAST IS NOTA FAITHFUL RECORD. 埃格勒曼：我们的过去不是最好的记录。
INSTEAD, IT'S A RECONSTRUCTION. 代替，这是一种重构。
IN PART, IT'S A MYTHOLOGY. 在某种程度上，这是一种神话。
SO WHAT DOES THIS MEANFOR WHO WE ARE? 那么，这对我们意味着什么？
WELL, THINK ABOUTYOUR LIFE MEMORIES. 好吧，想想你的生活。
NOT ALL THE DETAILSARE ACCURATE. 并非所有的细节都是准确的。
SOME CAME FROM THINGS THATPEOPLE TOLD YOU ABOUT YOURSELF; 有人告诉您自己的一些事情；
OTHER DETAILS WERE FILLED IN BY 其他详细信息已填写
WHAT YOU THINKMUST HAVE HAPPENED. 您认为必须发生的事情。
BUT THAT'S OK. 没关系。
IT'S ALL PART OF THE EVOLVINGSTORY THAT IS YOU. 这就是进化的全部内容。
SO WHY DO WE HAVE MEMORIESTHAT ARE SO UNRELIABLE? 为什么我们有这样的记忆力？
WELL, AS STRANGE AS IT SOUNDS, 嗯，就像它的声音一样，
MEMORY ISN'T JUST USEDFOR RECORDING OUR PAST. 记忆并非仅用于记录我们的过去。
IT ALSO SERVES ANOTHERIMPORTANT FUNCTION. 它还具有其他重要功能。
THAT FUNCTION WOULD BE REVEALEDBY A SINGULAR CASE 该功能将通过单个外壳显示
THAT REVOLUTIONIZEDNEUROSCIENCE. 革新了神经科学。
WOMAN: HOW LONG HAVE YOUHAD TROUBLE REMEMBERING THINGS? 女人：问题记忆多久了？
MAN: I DON'T KNOW MYSELF.I CAN'T TELL YOU 男人：我不知道我自己，我不能告诉你
BECAUSE I DON'T REMEMBER. 因为我不记得。
WOMAN: BUT DO YOU THINKIT'S BEEN MORE THAN A YEAR 女人：但是您认为它已经超过一年了
THAT YOU'VE HAD THIS PROBLEM? 您有这个问题吗？
MAN: I THINKABOUT THAT 'CAUSE, UH, 男人：我想是因为，呃，
THIS IS JUST A THOUGHT THATI'M HAVING MYSELF THAT, UH... 这只是自以为是的想法，呃...
I POSSIBLY HAVE HADAN OPERATION OR SOMETHING. 我可能有哈丹操作或类似的东西。
EAGLEMAN: HENRY MOLAISONWAS BORN IN 1926. EAGLEMAN：亨利·莫莱森（Henry MOLAISON）于1926年出生。
HIS EARLY LIFE WAS LIKEANY OTHER YOUNG BOY'S, 他的早期生活就像其他年轻男孩一样，
UNTIL HIS 10th BIRTHDAY,WHEN HE SUFFERED 直到他第十天生日
HIS FIRST EPILEPTIC SEIZURE. 他的第一癫痫发作。
BY 16, HIS EPILEPSYHAD WORSENED, 到了16岁，他的癫痫病就已经恶化了，
AND BY 27, HE COULD NO LONGERFUNCTION NORMALLY. 到27岁时，他通常无法使用LON功能。
THESE MAJOR SEIZURESINCREASED IN FREQUENCY, 这些主要的频率增加
UP TO THE POINT WHERE HIS LIFEWAS PRETTY MUCH ON HOLD. 一直保持到极致的地步。
EAGLEMAN: HIS DOCTORS PROPOSEDAN EXPERIMENTAL SURGERY EAGLEMAN：他的医生建议进行实验手术
THAT WOULD REMOVETHE HIPPOCAMPUS 将删除海马
ON BOTH SIDES OF HENRY'S BRAIN, 在亨利的两边，
LEAVING TWO YAWNINGBLACK HOLES. 保留两个YAWNINGBLACK孔。
CORKIN: THE OPERATION PROCEEDEDWITHOUT INCIDENT, CORKIN：无需任何操作即可进行操作，
AND WITHIN A FEW DAYS,HE RECOVERED. 在几天之内，他康复了。
EAGLEMAN: HENRY'S EPILEPSYWAS CURED. EAGLEMAN：HENRY的癫痫病已被征召。
THAT WAS WHEN THEY REALIZED 当它们实现时
THAT HE COULDN'TREMEMBER ANYTHING. 他无法记住任何事情。
EAGLEMAN: FOR THE REMAINING55 YEARS OF HIS LIFE, EAGLEMAN：在他生命的55年中，
HE NEVER FORMED A SINGLENEW LONG-TERM MEMORY. 他从未组建过一次新的长期记忆。
AND THERE WAS SOMETHING MORE. 而且还有更多。
CORKIN: WHAT DO YOU THINKYOU'LL DO TOMORROW? 柯金：您认为自己明天会做什么？
MOLAISON: WHATEVER'SBENEFICIAL. MOLAISON：尽善尽美。
YOU MIGHT THINK WHENYOU SAID... SAY TO HIM, 您说的时候可能会想...对他说，
"WHAT... WHAT DO YOU THINKYOU'LL DO TOMORROW?" “什么...你想明天做什么？”
HE MIGHT SAY, "WELL, YOU KNOW,I'LL GET UP, UM, AS USUAL 他可能会说：“好吧，您知道，我会照常起床，嗯。
AND, UM, GET DRESSED AND SHAVEAND HAVE BREAKFAST," 而且，嗯，着装和剃须早餐，”
BUT HE DIDN'T EVENCOME UP WITH THAT. 但是他没能做到这一点。
IT WAS LIKE HE WAS ABSOLUTELYSTUCK IN THE PRESENT MOMENT. 就像他在当下绝对卡住了一样。
EAGLEMAN: HENRY MOLAISON'SMISFORTUNE EAGLEMAN：亨利·莫莱森的不幸
HAD REVEALEDSOMETHING PROFOUND. 已经出现了一些问题。
THE BRAIN AREAS THAT UNDERLINEMEMORY ARE THE SAME AS THOSE 下划线记忆相同的大脑区域
THAT ARE USED TO SIMULATEWHAT'S COMING NEXT. 用于模拟接下来发生的事情。
BOTH THE PAST AND THE FUTUREARE CREATIONS IN THE BRAIN. 过去和未来的创造都在大脑中。
WHO WE ARE AT ANY MOMENT IN TIME 我们及时在任何时刻
IS AN ONGOING NARRATIVE. 是一个持续的叙事。
AS WE LIVE LONGERTHAN EVER BEFORE, 因为我们比以往任何时候都长寿，
THIS PRESENTS REAL PROBLEMSFOR BRAIN HEALTH. 这提出了大脑健康的实际问题。
DISEASES LIKE ALZHEIMER'SAND PARKINSON'S 像老年痴呆症和帕金森病一样的疾病
ATTACK OUR BRAIN TISSUE 攻击我们的脑组织
AND WITH IT, WHO WE ARE. 有了它，我们就是谁。
BUT IN THE SAME WAY THATYOUR ENVIRONMENT AND BEHAVIOR 但要以同样的方式来改变您的环境和行为
SHAPE YOUR BRAINWHEN YOU'RE YOUNGER, 塑造大脑时，
THEY'RE JUST AS IMPORTANTIN YOUR LATER YEARS. 它们只是您最近几年中的重要事项。
EAGLEMAN: IF YOUDON'T MIND ME ASKING, EAGLEMAN：如果您不介意我，
HOW OLD ARE YOUTHIS YEAR? 您今年几岁？
OH, I'M JUST 94. 哦，我才94岁。
OK. FOR HOW LONGHAVE YOU BEEN HERE? 好。
WELL, I'VE BEEN IN THECONVENT OVER 70 YEARS. 好吧，我已经有70多年的历史了。
DO PEOPLE LIVE UNTIL THEIR 100s? 人们会一直活到100岁吗？
WE HAD ONE I KNOWTHAT WENT OVER 100. 我知道有一个超过100个。
HOW WAS SHE DOINGCOGNITIVELY, AT THAT AGE? 她在那个年龄段的表现如何？
SHE WAS VERY SMART. 她非常聪明。
SHE WAS VERY SMART. OK. 她非常聪明。
SHE SURE WAS, AND SHEDIDN'T MISS ANYTHING. 她肯定有，但没有遗漏任何东西。
HA HA! QUITE ALERT! 哈哈！
EAGLEMAN: ACROSS THE U.S.,MORE THAN 1,200 EAGLEMAN：在美国各地，超过1200个
NUNS, PRIESTS, AND BROTHERSHAVE BEEN TAKING PART 修女，公主和兄弟
IN A UNIQUE RESEARCH STUDY 在独特的研究中
EXPLORING THE EFFECTSOF AGING ON THE BRAIN. 探索衰老对大脑的影响。
WOMAN: THEY REALLYFIGURED THE SISTERS 女人：他们真正地塑造了姐妹们
ARE A GOOD STUDY GROUP BECAUSEWE'RE KIND OF STABLE. 是一个很好的研究小组，因为我们很稳定。
YOU KNOW WHERE TO FIND US. 您知道在哪里可以找到我们。
EAGLEMAN: EACH YEAR, THEPARTICIPANTS HAVE TO PROVIDE EAGLEMAN：每年，参与者必须提供
DETAILED RECORDS OFHOW THEY SPEND THEIR TIME. 他们花费时间的详细记录。
THEY ALSO COMMIT TO EXTENSIVEPHYSICAL, GENETIC, 他们还致力于广泛的物理，遗传学，
AND COGNITIVE TESTS,AND IT DOESN'T END THERE. 和认知测试，而且还没有结束。
WOMAN: WHEN I FIRST HEARDABOUT THE STUDY, I SAID... WELL, 女人：当我第一次听说这项研究时，我说...好吧，
EVEN AFTER I DIE... HA HA!... 即使我死了...哈哈！...
WHATEVER I'M CONTRIBUTINGCAN STILL GO ON. 我所做的一切仍然可以继续。
EAGLEMAN: AFTER THEY DIE,ALL THE PARTICIPANTS EAGLEMAN：他们死后，所有参与者
WILL GIVE UP... THEIR BRAINS. 会放弃...他们的大脑。
MY STAFF IN CHICAGO IS ON CALL24 HOURS A DAY, 7 DAYS A WEEK. 我在芝加哥的工作人员每天24小时，一周7天打电话。
WHEN SOMEONE DIES IN NEW YORK,THEY CALL US. 当有人在纽约死亡时，他们会打电话给我们。
EAGLEMAN: THE RESEARCHERSCAREFULLY EXAMINE THE BRAINS EAGLEMAN：研究人员仔细检查大脑
FOR THE TELL-TALEMICROSCOPIC EVIDENCE 讲故事的显微镜证据
OF AGE-RELATED BRAIN DISEASE. 与年龄有关的脑疾病。
THEY'RE LOOKING TO ESTABLISHLINKS BETWEEN 他们正在寻找建立之间的链接
BRAIN DEGENERATIONAND COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE. 脑退化和认知表现。
BUT THE FIRST SET OF RESULTSWAS ENTIRELY UNEXPECTED. 但是完全没有第一套结果。
BENNETT: WHEN WE FIRSTSTARTED PUBLISHING IT, 贝内特：当我们首先发布它时，
A LOT OF PEOPLE WERE SURPRISED. 有人怀疑。
EAGLEMAN: IT TURNED OUTTHAT NEARLY A THIRD EAGLEMAN：几乎变成了第三位
OF THE BRAINS TESTED HADCHARACTERISTIC SIGNS OF 的大脑测试的特征标志
FULL-BLOWN ALZHEIMER'S. 满满的Alzheimer's。
ALL: ♪ WHEN I FALLON MY KNEES... ♪ 全部：♪当我摔倒我的膝盖时...♪
EAGLEMAN: BUT THE COGNITIVETESTS REVEALED THAT EAGLEMAN：但认知度已显露出来
THE BRAIN OWNERSHAD SHOWN NO SYMPTOMS 脑所有者没有出现任何症状
OF THIS TERRIBLE DISEASE. 这个可怕的疾病。
THEIR BRAINS WERE SICK,YET THEY REMAINED UNAFFECTED. 他们的脑部病了，但仍未受影响。
IT DIDN'T MAKE SENSE. 它没有意义。
WHAT HAD HAPPENED? 发生了什么事？
I HAVE A GAME ON MY SMARTPHONE... 我在智能手机上玩游戏...
RUZZLE. HA HA HA! RUZZLE。
WOMAN: AND SOME OFOUR SISTERS 女人：和我们的一些姐妹
HAVE BEEN INVOLVED INTEACHING, NURSING... 参与过教学，护理...
EAGLEMAN: HAVINGRESPONSIBILITIES, EAGLEMAN：有责任，
LEARNING NEW SKILLS,KEEPING THE BRAIN ACTIVE. 学习新技能，保持大脑活跃。
THIS WAS PROTECTING THE NUNS 这正保护着修女
FROM THE COGNITIVE SYMPTOMSOF THE DISEASE. 来自疾病的认知症状。
WOMAN: I AM INTERESTEDVERY MUCH IN SCIENCE. 女人：我对科学非常感兴趣。
I LOVE SCRABBLE. 我喜欢拼字游戏。
I DRIVE THE SISTERSTO THE DOCTORS. 我开车送医生们去。
MASS EVERY DAY,AND IF I DIDN'T 每天都有，如果我不愿意
HAVE THAT, I'D BECOMPLETELY NUTS. 知道了，我会很坚果。
EAGLEMAN: EVEN AS PARTS OFTHE BRAIN TISSUE DEGENERATE, EAGLEMAN：即使是脑组织再生的一部分，
MENTAL AND PHYSICALACTIVITY CAN BUILD 可以建立心理和体育活动
NEW PATHWAYS FORSOLVING PROBLEMS. 解决问题的新途径。
THIS IS CALLED"COGNITIVE RESERVE." 这被称为“认知储备”。
THINK OF THE BRAINLIKE A TOOL BOX. 想着工具箱的想法。
IF IT'S A GOOD TOOL BOX, YOUHAVE ALL THE TOOLS YOU NEED, 如果这是一个好的工具箱，那么您拥有所需的所有工具，
SO I MIGHT CHOOSE A RATCHETTO DISENGAGE THIS BOLT HERE. 因此，我可能会在这里选择一个棘轮式分离机。
BUT WHAT IF I DIDN'T HAVEACCESS TO THIS RATCHET? 但是如果我没有找到这个棘手，该怎么办？
I MIGHT BE ABLE TO FINDSOMETHING ELSE, 我可能还能找到其他东西，
LIKE THIS WRENCHWOULD DO THE TRICK. 像这个扳手一样可以做把戏。
AND IF I DIDN'T HAVE THE WRENCH,I COULD FIND SOMETHING ELSE, 如果我没有扳手，还能找到其他东西，
LIKE THIS ADJUSTABLE WRENCH. 像这个可调扳手。
AND IT'S THE SAME IDEA IN ANACTIVE, COGNITIVELY FIT BRAIN. 而这是一个适应性强，认知能力强的大脑的相同想法。
EVEN AS PARTS OFTHE BRAIN DEGENERATE, 即使是脑退化的一部分，
THE BRAIN CAN FINDOTHER SOLUTIONS. 脑可以找到其他解决方案。
BY MAKING SUREOUR MENTAL TOOL BOX 通过确保心理工具箱
IS EQUIPPED WITH A VARIETYOF WORKING TOOLS, 配备了多种工作工具，
WE MAY BE ABLE TO SLOW DOWNTHE EFFECTS OF OUR AGING BRAINS 我们可能可以减慢我们的老龄化大脑的影响
AND HOLD ON TO WHO WE AREFOR AS LONG AS POSSIBLE. 并尽可能坚持下去。
BUT WHO WE ARE IS MORE THAN JUSTTHE TASKS WE CAN ACCOMPLISH. 但是，我们所能完成的不仅仅是任务。
THERE'S SOMETHING ELSE...SOMETHING THAT'S PERHAPS 还有其他...一些东西
THE GREATEST MYSTERYABOUT HOW THE BRAIN WORKS. 关于大脑如何运作的最大谜团。
IT'S THE SENSE OF "I," OF "ME." 这是“我”，“我”的感觉。
I AM A CONSCIOUS BEING. 我是一个自觉的人。
WHEN I THINK ABOUT WHO I AM, 当我想起我是谁时，
IT'S TAKING PLACEINSIDE THIS HEAD, 正要放在这头上，
THROUGH THESE EYES, FROM THISPARTICULAR POINT OF VIEW. 通过这些眼睛，从关节的角度来看。
CONSCIOUS EXPERIENCE ISAT ONCE THE MOST FAMILIAR 具备最丰富的ISAT经验
AND THE MOST PERPLEXINGASPECT OF OUR IDENTITY. 以及我们身份的最复杂的方面。
HOW DOES THE PHYSICALSTUFF OF THE BRAIN 脑部的身体状况如何
EQUAL THE MENTAL EXPERIENCEOF BEING A CONSCIOUS HUMAN? 等同于成为一个有意识的人类的心理体验？
HOW DO BILLIONSOF BRAIN CELLS PRODUCE 数十亿个脑细胞如何产生
THE EXTRAORDINARY,UNIQUE FEELING 非凡的独特感觉
OF BEING ALIVE, OF BEING ME? 是活着，是我？
I'M MADE UP OF100 BILLION NEURONS. 我已经组成了1000亿个神经元。
AND WHEN I DIE,THEY'LL STILL BE THERE. 当我死时，他们仍然会在那里。
BUT I WON'T BE ME ANYMORE;I'LL BE DEAD. 但是我不会再成为我了；我会死的。
SO THAT MEANS WHO I AMIS NOT ABOUT 所以我不介意
THE EXISTENCE OF THE NEURONS. 神经元的存在。
IT'S ABOUT WHAT THEY DOAND HOW THEY INTERACT. 这是关于它们的作用以及相互作用的方式。
IMAGINE THAT THE NEURONSIN YOUR BRAIN 想象一下您大脑中的神经元
ARE LIKE A COLLECTIONOF DRUMMERS. 就像一群小家伙一样。
[PLAYING DRUMBEATS] [播放残骸]
IF EACH DRUMMER PLAYSCOMPLETELY INDEPENDENTLY, 如果每个鼓手都独立播放，
THE NOISE THAT EMERGESIS JUST THAT... NOISE. 刚刚出现的噪音...噪音。
BUT IF THEY STARTLISTENING TO ONE ANOTHER, 但是，如果他们开始互相听话，
SOMETHING MORE EMERGES. 更多的新兴事物。
OUT OF CACOPHONY APPEARSA RHYTHM, A PERFORMANCE... 在CACOPHONY出现节奏的情况下，表现...
A COMPLEX INTERACTION IN WHICHALL THE DRUMMERS ARE PLAYING 玩耍的人之间的复杂互动
BOTH AS INDIVIDUALSAND AS SOMETHING GREATER. 无论是个人还是更大。
AND IN THE SAME WAY, THIS IS HOWTHE EXPERIENCE OF CONSCIOUSNESS 并且以同样的方式，这就是意识的体验
ARISES IN THE BRAIN. 脑中的上升。
BILLIONS OF INTERACTINGNEURONS WORK IN CONCERT... 数十亿个交互神经元正在秘密工作...
AND UNDER THE RIGHTCIRCUMSTANCES, 在正确的情况下，
THEY HIT A SWEET SPOT, 他们命中了甜蜜点
THE PLACE WHERE THE SINGULAR,PRIVATE EXPERIENCE 独特，私人经历的地方
OF BEING YOU EMERGES. 成为您的新兴事物。
CONSCIOUSNESS ISA PERFORMANCE OUR BRAIN 注重ISA表现我们的大脑
PUTS ON FOR USTHROUGHOUT OUR DAY. 在我们这一天为我们服务。
BUT THERE COMES A TIME...IN FACT, ONCE A DAY... 但是有一天...实际上是一天一次...
WHEN THE CHARACTER OFTHAT DRUMMING CHANGES 什么时候发生了变化
AND IT TAKES ME WITH IT. 它带给我它。
THE BEST WAY FOR METO SHOW YOU HOW 我向您展示的最佳方式
IS FOR ME TO GO TO SLEEP... 是我睡觉的时候...
WEARING THIS. 穿着这个。
I'M WEARING ANELECTRO-ENCEPHALOGRAM, OR EEG. 我正在佩戴脑电图或脑电图。
IT RECORDS MY BRAIN'S ACTIVITY,GIVING AN IDEA OF HOW MY NEURONS 它记录了我的大脑活动，为我的神经元提供了一个理想
ARE INTERACTING WHILE I SLEEP. 我睡觉时正在互动。
WHEN YOU GO TO SLEEP,YOUR BODY SEEMS TO SHUT DOWN, 当您睡觉时，您的身体会关闭，
SO YOU MIGHT THINK THATTHE DRUM BEAT IN YOUR BRAIN 因此，您可能认为您的大脑中的鼓跳动
WOULD DO THE SAME. 会做的一样。
BUT THE REALITY ISQUITE DIFFERENT. 但是现实是不同的。
SO AT THE BEGINNINGOF THE NIGHT, 所以在夜晚的开始，
THIS IS MY BRAIN ACTIVITY:I WAS STILL AWAKE. 这是我的大脑活动：我还是醒着。
BUT IF I GO A LITTLE BIT LATER,I HAVE ACTIVITY 但是，如果我稍稍过后，我就可以活动
THAT LOOKS AS THOUGHI'M STILL AWAKE, 看起来我仍然醒着，
BUT IN FACT I WASN'T;I WAS IN DREAM SLEEP HERE, 但实际上我不是；我在这里睡梦中，
WHICH IS A FORMOF CONSCIOUSNESS, 这是一种意识形式
FULL OF VISION AND SOUNDS 眼光与声音
AND STRANGE SITUATIONSAND MAGNIFIED EMOTIONS. 和奇怪的情况，放大了情绪。
IT'S ME, BUT A BIZARREFORM OF ME. 是我，但我的身份得到了改组。
BUT THINGS GET STRANGER. 但是事情变得更奇怪了。
AT THIS PART OF THE NIGHT,I'M IN DEEP SLEEP. 在夜晚的这一部分，我正沉睡。
MY BRAIN IS STILL THERE,AND IT'S STILL ACTIVE, 我的大脑仍然在那里并且仍然活跃，
BUT I AM GONE. 但是我走了。
IN DEEP SLEEP, OUR NEURONSBECOME MORE SYNCHRONIZED. 在深度睡眠中，我们的神经元变得更加同步。
IT'S IMPOSSIBLE FOR A COMPLEXRHYTHM TO EMERGE FROM THIS, 由此不可能出现复杂的节奏，
WHICH MEANS,IN THIS BRAIN STATE, 在此大脑状态中，
THERE'S NO HOPE OFCONSCIOUS EXPERIENCE. 没有期望的经验。
NO IDENTITY, NO PERSONALITY, 没有身份，没有个性，
NOTHING. 没有。
I AM THE RELATIONSHIPBETWEEN MY NEURONS. 我是神经元之间的关系。
CHANGE THEIR INTERACTION JUSTA LITTLE BIT AND I FIND MYSELF 改变互动一点点，我发现自己
IN A DREAM WORLD,OR I DISAPPEAR. 在一个梦幻世界中，或者我消失了。
OR I RETURN. 还是我回来。
WHEN THE NEURONS FIND THEMSELVESBACK IN THEIR PROPER RHYTHM, 当神经元找到适合自己的节奏时，
I MIRACULOUSLYCOME BACK ONLINE. 我奇迹般地回到了网上。
CONSCIOUSNESS AND THE SENSEOF BEING "ME" 意识和成为“我”的感觉
SOMEHOW EMERGES FROM THE COMPLEXRHYTHMS OF OUR NEURONS FIRING. 我们神经元放电的复杂节奏会产生一些。
BUT WHY CONSCIOUSNESSEMERGES AT ALL 但是为什么意识全然浮现
STILL REMAINS ONE OFTHE GREAT UNSOLVED MYSTERIES 仍然是未解之谜之一
OF MODERN SCIENCE. 作者：
AFTER I FINISHED GRADUATESCHOOL, I HAD THE OPPORTUNITY 完成研究生课程后，我就有了机会
TO WORK WITH ONE OFMY SCIENTIFIC HEROES, 为了与我的科学英雄之一合作，
FRANCIS CRICK,WHO HAD CO-DISCOVERED 谁共同发现了弗朗西斯·克里克（FRANCIS CRICK）
THE STRUCTURE OF DNA. DNA的结构。
BY THE TIME I MET HIM,HE HAD TURNED HIS ATTENTION TO 在我遇见他的时候，他已经把注意力转向
THE QUESTION OF CONSCIOUSNESS... 意识问题...
WHY DOES IT FEEL LIKE ANYTHINGTO BE ALIVE. 为什么感觉像什么还活着。
AND I REMEMBER WHENI WENT INTO HIS OFFICE 而且我谨记我要去他的办公室
THAT HE HAD A LOT OF WRITINGON THE CHALKBOARD, 他在黑板上写了很多字，
BUT THERE WAS ONE WORD THATWAS WRITTEN IN THE MIDDLE 但是中间只写了一个字
AND IT WAS BIGGERTHAN THE REST. 而且它比其他地方还大。
THAT WORD WAS "MEANING." 这个词是“含义”。
YOU SEE, WE KNOW A LOT ABOUT 您看到了，我们知道很多
THE MECHANICS OF NEURONS ANDNETWORKS AND BRAIN REGIONS, 神经，网络和大脑区域的力学，
BUT WHAT WE DON'T KNOWABOUT THOSE SIGNALS 但是我们不知道这些信号是什么
COURSING AROUND IN THE BRAIN ISWHY WE CARE ABOUT ANY OF THEM, 围绕大脑进行的搜索我们并不关心它们中的任何一个，
WHY ANYTHING CARRIES MEANING. 为何要进行任何含义。
HOW CAN THE PHYSICALCELLS IN MY BRAIN 我脑中的物理细胞如何
CAUSE ME TO CAREABOUT ANYTHING? 让我关心任何事情吗？
THE MEANING PROBLEMIS NOT YET SOLVED, 尚未解决的解决问题，
BUT HERE'S WHATI THINK WE CAN SAY: 但是我们可以这样说：
THE MEANING OF SOMETHINGTO YOU IS ALL ABOUT 对您而言意义重大
YOUR WEB OF ASSOCIATIONS,BASED ON 您的协会网络，基于
YOUR WHOLE HISTORYOF EXPERIENCES. 您的整个历史经验。
JUST IMAGINE I WERE TO TAKEA PIECE OF CLOTH 试想一下，我要买一块衣服
AND PUT SOMECOLORED PIGMENTS ON IT, 并在上面放上一些颜料
AND THEN PUT THAT IN FRONTOF YOUR VISUAL SYSTEM. 然后将其放在您的视觉系统的前部。
IS THAT LIKELYTO TRIGGER MEMORIES 就像触发记忆一样
AND FIRE UP YOUR IMAGINATION? 激发您的想象力？
WELL, PROBABLY NOT, BECAUSE IT'SJUST A PIECE OF CLOTH, RIGHT? 好吧，可能不是，因为那只是一块布，对吗？
HERE IT IS... PIGMENTSARRANGED ON A CLOTH 这里是...颜料布放在布上
IN THE PATTERN OFA NATIONAL FLAG. 在国家国旗的图案中。
PRESUMABLY THIS TRIGGERSSOMETHING FOR YOU, 大概这是您的触发器，
BUT THE MEANING IS UNIQUE TOYOUR HISTORY OF EXPERIENCES. 但是含义对您的经验历史是唯一的。
WE DON'T PERCEIVE OBJECTSAS THEY ARE. 我们不认为它们是对象。
WE PERCEIVE THEM AS WE ARE. 我们照原样感知他们。
EACH OF US ISON OUR OWN TRAJECTORY... 我们每个人的自有轨迹...
STEERED BY OUR GENES AND OUREXPERIENCES... AND AS A RESULT, 在我们的才华横溢和经验丰富的指导下，结果，
EVERY BRAIN HAS A DIFFERENTNEURAL REALITY. 每个大脑都有不同的现实。
BRAINS END UP BEINGAS UNIQUE AS SNOWFLAKES. 大脑使BEINGAS像雪花一样独特。
YOUR STORY PLAYS OUTACROSS A LIFETIME. 您的故事在整个生命周期中发挥作用。
TRILLIONS OF NEWCONNECTIONS ARE 数以千计的新连接
CONTINUALLY FORMINGAND RE-FORMING 持续成型和重新成型
AS WE LEARN AND CREATE MEMORIES 当我们学习和创造回忆时
AND BECOME WHO WE ARE. 成为我们。
THE UNIQUE CONNECTIONSIN YOUR BRAIN 大脑中的独特联系
MEAN NO ONE LIKE YOUHAS EVER EXISTED... 从来没有像您这样的人...
OR WILL EVER EXIST AGAIN. 或永远不会再存在。
FOR ME, THE WONDEROF THE HUMAN BRAIN IS THAT 对我来说，人类的奇迹就是
FROM A VAST NETWORKOF PHYSICAL PIECES AND PARTS, 从庞大的零件和零件网络中
THE EXPERIENCE OF BEING YOUOR ME EMERGES. 成为我的经验。
AND BECAUSE THE PHYSICAL STUFFIS CHANGING, WE ARE, TOO. 并且由于物理草皮的变化，我们也是如此。
WE'RE NOT FIXED. 我们没有固定。
FROM CRADLE TO GRAVE,WE ARE WORKS IN PROGRESS. 从摇篮到坟墓，我们都在不断进步。
ANNOUNCER: "THE BRAINWITH DAVID EAGLEMAN" 播音员：“与大卫·埃格勒曼的大脑”
DR. EAGLEMAN:Next time on "The Brain," 博士
I'm going to investigate theunexpected ways that your brain 我将研究您的大脑出乎意料的方式
secretly controls everythingthat you do. 暗中控制您所做的一切。
That was amazing. 那太精彩了。
How it allowsgreat athletic achievement 如何实现伟大的运动成就
and makes decisionswithout your awareness. 并在您不知情的情况下做出决定。
This is the story of everythingthe brain does 这是大脑所做的一切的故事
that remains hidden from us. 对我们来说仍然是隐藏的。
It's the storyof who is really in control. 这是谁真正掌控一切的故事。
"THE BRAIN WITHDAVID EAGLEMAN" “与大卫·艾格曼的大脑”
IS AVAILABLEON DVD. 在DVD上可用。
THE COMPANIONBOOK IS 同伴书是
ALSO AVAILABLE. 也提供。
TO ORDER, VISITSHOPPBS.ORG 要订购，VISITSHOPPBS.ORG
OR CALL1-800-PLAY-PBS. 或CALL1-800-PLAY-PBS。