DAVID EAGLEMAN: WHAT DOES A BRAIN NEED TO BE HEALTHY? 戴维·埃格莱曼（David EAGLEMAN）：什么是大脑健康？
WELL, IT NEEDS NUTRIENTS FROM THE FOOD YOU EAT, 好吧，它需要您吃的食物中的营养，
IT NEEDS OXYGEN FROM YOUR BLOOD, 它需要血液中的氧气，
PLENTY OF WATER 很多水
BUT THERE'S SOMETHING ELSE, SOMETHING EQUALLY AS IMPORTANT. 但是还有其他一些重要的事情。
IT NEEDS OTHER PEOPLE. 它需要其他人。
[CHEERING] [加油]
DAVID EAGLEMAN: HUMAN BEINGS ARE EXTREMELY SOCIAL CREATURES. 大卫·埃格勒曼（David EAGLEMAN）：人类是极端的社会文化。
WE COME TOGETHER, WE TEAM UP, 我们在一起，我们团结起来，
WE SHARE MOMENTS OF INTENSE JOY AND DISAPPOINTMENT. 我们分享欢乐与失落的时刻。
[YELLS INDISTINCTLY] [直截了当]
WE DON'T JUST SEEK OUT OTHER PEOPLE TO HAVE A GOOD TIME. 我们不会寻求其他人度过美好的时光。
YOUR BRAIN FUNCTION DEPENDS 您的大脑功能取决于
ON THE SOCIAL WEB THAT YOU'RE IN. 在您所在的社交网络上。
YOUR NEURONS REQUIRE OTHER PEOPLE'S NEURONS 您的神经元需要其他人的神经元
TO THRIVE AND SURVIVE. 力求生存。
I WANT TO SHOW YOU HOW OUR BRAINS 我想告诉你我们的大脑
ARE FUNDAMENTALLY WIRED TO WORK TOGETHER... 根本要一起工作...
HOW THIS SOCIAL NETWORK THAT ENVELOPS US FROM BIRTH 这个社交网络如何使我们从出生开始
IS VITAL FOR OUR SURVIVAL. 对我们的生存至关重要。
[LAUGHS] [笑声]
YEAH? OK! 是啊
EAGLEMAN, VOICE-OVER: UNDERSTANDING HOW BRAINS EAGLEMAN，配音：理解大脑如何
DEAL WITH EACH OTHER ALLOWS US 与其他各方的交易允许我们
TO UNDERSTAND WHAT BONDS OUR SPECIES, 要了解我们种类的优势，
DRIVING US TO HELP ONE ANOTHER. 驱使我们帮助另一个人。
AND WHAT MAKES US HATE... 什么使我们讨厌...
WHAT ALLOWS ACTS OF HUMAN VIOLENCE. 允许人为暴力的行为。
IT HELPS US TO MAKE SENSE OF OUR PAST 它有助于我们了解我们的过去
AND HOLDS THE KEY TO OUR FUTURE. 并掌握着我们未来的钥匙。
EAGLEMAN: THERE ARE 7 BILLION PEOPLE EAGLEMAN：有70亿人
LIVING TODAY-- 今日生活
7 BILLION BRAINS 70亿大脑
MOVING, CHOOSING, ACTING, 移动，选择，活动，
BELIEVING, AND CONNECTING WITH OTHER BRAINS. 相信并与其他大脑联系。
BRAINS ARE TRADITIONALLY STUDIED IN ISOLATION. 大脑是传统上被隔离的。
BUT, IN FACT, MUCH OF CIRCUITRY OF THE BRAIN 但实际上，大脑的电路很多
HAS TO DO WITH OTHER BRAINS. 与其他大脑有关。
WE'RE FUNDAMENTALLY SOCIAL CREATURES. 我们是基础社交活动。
AND OUR SOCIETY IS A COMPLEX WEB OF INTERACTION. 我们的社会是一个复杂的互动网络。
ON ANY NORMAL DAY, WE INTERSECT 在任何正常的日子，我们都会交流
WITH AN ENORMOUS NUMBER OF PEOPLE. 人数众多。
EAGLEMAN, VOICE-OVER: OUR LIVES ARE BUILT EAGLEMAN，配音：我们的生活正在建立
ON THESE INTERSECTIONS, 在这些交叉路口，
NOT JUST BETWEEN US AND OUR FAMILY 不只是我们和我们的家人之间
AND FRIENDS AND WORK COLLEAGUES, 和朋友以及工作伙伴，
BUT ALSO BETWEEN THEM AND THE PEOPLE THEY MEET. 但是他们和人们之间也相遇。
EVEN THE MOST BASIC ENCOUNTER... 即使是最基本的遭遇...
LIKE GETTING A CUP OF COFFEE... 像喝杯咖啡...
EAGLEMAN, VOICE-OVER: RELIES ON TRUST WITH A STRANGER. EAGLEMAN，配音：与陌生人信任。
CAN I GET A LATTE, PLEASE? 请给我拿点钱好吗？
DEFINITELY. THANKS. 肯定地。
EAGLEMAN, VOICE-OVER: EVERYWHERE WE LOOK, EAGLEMAN，旁白：无论我们在哪里寻找，
WE SEE COMPLEX SOCIAL INTERACTIONS-- 我们看到了复杂的社会互动-
RELATIONSHIPS FORMING AND BREAKING, 关系的形成与破裂，
BONDS OF LOVE AND SUPPORT, 爱与支持的结合
SOCIAL NETWORKING. 社交网络。
WE CLUMP INTO LARGE GROUPS TO SHARE OUR KNOWLEDGE. 我们聚集到大群人中分享我们的知识。
WE GOT ALL THESE RANDOM SPOTS IN YOUR BRAIN 我们在您的大脑中找到了所有这些随机点
THAT GET WIRED UP 烦死了
INTO AN ASSOCIATIVE NEURAL NETWORK. 进入关联神经网络。
EAGLEMAN, VOICE-OVER: WE WORK TO IMPRESS EACH OTHER. EAGLEMAN，配音：我们努力给彼此留下深刻的印象。
AND WE SWAP IDEAS. 和我们交换想法。
I'LL STICK AROUND FOR ANY QUESTIONS 我会贴在任何问题上
THAT ANYONE HAS. 有人。
THANK YOU. 谢谢。
[APPLAUSE] [掌声]
EAGLEMAN, VOICE-OVER: MOST RESEARCH LOOKS AT EAGLEMAN，配音：大多数研究都在
ONE BRAIN AT A TIME, 一次一个大脑
BUT THAT MISSES THE FACT 但事实真相
THAT A GREAT DEAL OF OUR BRAIN ACTIVITY 这是我们大脑活动的一大笔交易
IS DEDICATED TO COMMUNICATING WITH EACH OTHER, 致力于与其他人交流，
INTERPRETING EACH OTHER. 相互解释。
OUR SOCIAL DRIVE IS DEEPLY ROOTED 我们的社会动力根深蒂固
IN OUR NEURAL CIRCUITRY. 在我们的神经网络中。
TAKE A LOOK AT THIS FILM FROM THE 1940s. 请看一下1940年代的电影。
WHAT DO YOU SEE HAPPENING HERE? 您在这里看到了什么？
IS THIS JUST A SIMPLE ANIMATION OF SOME SHAPES 这只是某些形状的简单动画
OR SOMETHING MORE? 还是更多？
DO YOU SEE A CHASE? 你看到了吗？
A FIGHT? A LOVE STORY? 打架？
THE BIG ONE SEEMS TO BE PUSHING 即将推出的第一大项目
THE LITTLE ONE AROUND. 很小的一个。
SEEMS LIKE THE TWO TRIANGLES 像两个三角形的面
ARE IN A LITTLE BIT OF A SQUABBLE. 有点争吵。
THERE ARE RELATIONSHIPS HERE 这里有关系
IN TERMS OF ONE IS MORE DOMINANT 在一个术语中占主导地位
THAN THE OTHER. 比其他人。
EAGLEMAN, VOICE-OVER: BACK IN THE 1940s, EAGLEMAN，配音：早在1940年代，
PSYCHOLOGISTS FRITZ HEIDER AND MARIANNE SIMMEL 心理学家弗里茨·海德和玛丽安·西梅尔
CREATED THIS FILM AS PART OF AN EXPERIMENT. 在实验中创建了此影片。
THE BALL DOESN'T SEEM TO WANT TO BE IN THERE. 球不容错过。
IT'S FREAKING OUT. 吓坏了。
IT'S SCARED. 它的规模。
IT LOOKS LIKE A TRAP TO ME. 它看起来像对我的陷阱。
IT LOOKS LIKE THE SMALL TRIANGLE 它看起来像小三角形
IS BEING SHUT OUT 正在关闭
AND, LIKE, TRYING TO PEER IN. 并且，喜欢尝试加入。
THEY ARE PAIRED IN A WAY 他们被配对
THAT SEEMS FRIENDLY. 如此友好。
YEAH! THIS IS REALLY FUN. 是的！
IT'S FUN, RIGHT? HA HA! 很有趣，对吗？
EAGLEMAN, VOICE-OVER: WHAT HEIDER AND SIMMEL FOUND, EAGLEMAN，旁白：海德和西梅尔发现了什么，
AS I DID, IS HOW EASY IT IS TO LOOK AT MOVING SHAPES 正如我所做的那样，如何轻松地移动形状
AND TO SEE MEANING AND MOTIVES AND EMOTION 并查看含义，动机和情绪
ALL IN THE FORM OF A SOCIAL NARRATIVE. 全部采用社交叙事的形式。
I KIND OF GET THE SENSE THAT 我喜欢那种感觉
THEY'RE CATS AND DOGS. 他们是猫和狗。
IT SEEMED LIKE THE BIG ONE MIGHT HAVE BEEN, 好像已经发生了一次大事故，
LIKE HIS, UH, HIS DAD OR SOMETHING. 像他，呃，他爸爸还是其他。
JUST CALL IT MORE OF, LIKE, A MATING RITUAL 只需打电话，就可以了
TWO COMPETITORS GOING FOR ONE POSSIBLE MATE. 两名竞争者将参加一场可能的比赛。
EAGLEMAN: THESE ARE JUST SHAPES ON A SCREEN, EAGLEMAN：这些只是屏幕上的形状，
BUT WE CAN'T HELP BUT TELL STORIES ABOUT THEM. 但是我们无法提供有关它们的故事。
WHY? IT'S BECAUSE OUR BRAINS ARE SO PRIMED 为什么？
FOR SOCIAL INTERACTION 促进社会互动
THAT WE LOOK FOR INTENTION AND RELATIONSHIPS ALL AROUND US. 我们寻找与我们周围的意图和关系。
ONE WAY WE NAVIGATE THE SOCIAL WORLD IS 我们驾驭社会世界的一种方式
BY JUDGING OTHER PEOPLE'S INTENTIONS. 通过判断其他人的意图。
IS SHE TRYING TO BE HELPFUL? 她在努力吗？
ARE WE A TRUSTWORTHY TEAM? 我们是值得信赖的团队吗？
OUR BRAINS ARE GOOD AT MAKING THESE SORTS OF JUDGMENTS. 我们的大脑很好地做出了这些判断。
AND WE DO IT CONSTANTLY. 而且我们会不断地做到。
BUT DO WE LEARN THIS SKILL FROM LIFE EXPERIENCE, 但是我们要从生活经验中学到这一技能，
OR ARE WE BORN WITH IT? 还是我们对此感到厌倦？
TO FIGURE OUT WHICH ONE IT IS, 要弄清楚是哪一个，
I'VE INVITED OVER SOME PEOPLE 我已经邀请了一些人
WHO DON'T HAVE MUCH EXPERIENCE WITH THE WORLD. 谁没有与世界相处的经验。
I'VE INVITED THEM TO A PUPPET SHOW. 我已邀请他们参加人偶秀。
THESE BABIES ARE ALL UNDER 12 MONTHS OLD. 这些婴儿都已不到12个月大。
THEY'RE JUST BEGINNING TO EXPLORE THE WORLD AROUND THEM. 他们只是在开始探索周围的世界。
YOU COULD SAY THEY'RE ALL A LITTLE SHORT 您可能会说他们全都是小短裤
ON LIFE EXPERIENCE. 生活经验。
WE DECIDED TO RUN A SIMPLE EXPERIMENT 我们决定进行简单的实验
DEVELOPED AT YALE UNIVERSITY. 在耶鲁大学开发。
HERE'S A DUCK STRUGGLING TO OPEN A BOX. 一只鸭子在挣扎着打开盒子。
ONE BEAR HELPS THE DUCK. 一只熊帮助鸭子。
THE OTHER IS MEAN TO THE DUCK. 另一个对鸭子很重要。
OK, BOWIE, HERE YOU GO. THERE ARE TWO PUPPETS... OK，BOWIE，您在这里。
EAGLEMAN, VOICE-OVER: WHEN THE SHOW'S OVER, EAGLEMAN，语音结束：当节目结束时，
I LET THE BABIES CHOOSE A BEAR TO PLAY WITH. 我让婴儿选择一只熊来玩。
...WANT TO PLAY WITH? ...想玩吗？
YEAH? OK, IS THAT THE ONE YOU WANT? ALL RIGHT. 是啊
EAGLEMAN, VOICE-OVER: ALMOST EVERY ONE OF THEM EAGLEMAN，语音结束：几乎每个人中的一个
CHOOSES THE BEAR THAT'S BEEN KIND. 选择那种熊。
[LAUGHS] [笑声]
THESE BABIES CAN'T WALK OR TALK. 这些婴儿不能走路或说话。
AND YET THEY ALREADY HAVE THE TOOLS 并且他们已经有了工具
TO MAKE JUDGMENTS ABOUT OTHERS. 对其他人做出判断。
YEAH? OK! 是啊
IT'S OFTEN ASSUMED THAT TRUST IS SOMETHING 人们常常认为信任是存在的
THAT WE LEARN FROM OUR EXPERIENCE IN THE WORLD. 我们从世界经验中学到的东西。
BUT THESE EXPERIMENTS DEMONSTRATE 但是这些实验证明了
THAT EVEN AS BABIES, WE COME EQUIPPED 即使是婴儿，我们也配备了
WITH SOCIAL ANTENNAE 与社交天线
FOR FEELING OUR WAY THROUGH THE WORLD. 感受我们穿越世界的方式。
THE BRAIN COMES WITH INBORN INSTINCTS 脑部出现了感染
FOR FIGURING OUT WHO'S TRUSTWORTHY 阐明世卫组织的信誉
AND WHO'S NOT. 而且不是。
[BABY TALK] [宝宝说话]
EAGLEMAN, VOICE-OVER: AS WE GROW, EAGLEMAN，配音：随着我们的成长，
OUR SOCIAL CHALLENGES BECOME EVEN MORE SUBTLE AND COMPLEX. 我们的社会挑战变得更加微妙而复杂。
UNDERSTANDING OTHERS IS 了解别人是
ONE OF THE MOST DEMANDING OPERATIONS 最苛刻的操作之一
THAT OUR BRAINS PERFORM. 我们的大脑表现出色。
THEY HAVE TO INTERPRET WORDS. 他们必须解释单词。
AND, MORE THAN THAT, INFLECTION, 而且，不仅如此，
FACIAL EXPRESSIONS, BODY LANGUAGE. 面部表情，身体语言。
"DOES SHE LIKE ME?" “她喜欢我吗？”
"IS HE INTERESTED IN WHAT I'M SAYING?" “他对我在说什么感兴趣吗？”
"DO THEY WANT MY HELP?" “他们想要我的帮助吗？”
SOCIETY RUNS ON OUR ABILITY 社会依靠我们的能力
TO READ EACH OTHER'S SOCIAL SIGNALS. 阅读彼此的社会信号。
TAKE THAT ABILITY AWAY 承担能力
AND THE WORLD BECOMES A VERY STRANGE PLACE. 世界变得非常奇怪。
CAR ENTHUSIAST JOHN ROBISON HAS ALWAYS STRUGGLED 车迷约翰·罗比森（JOHN ROBISON）始终处于困境
TO READ OTHER PEOPLE. 阅读其他人。
ROBISON, VOICE-OVER: WHEN I WAS A LITTLE BOY, 罗伯逊，旁白：当我是个小男孩时，
I WAS BULLIED AND REJECTED BY OTHER KIDS. 我被其他孩子欺负并拒绝。
AND THAT DIDN'T HAPPEN WITH MACHINES. 并且没有发生机器。
YOU KNOW, I COULD STAND, UH, 你知道，我可以站住，嗯，
BY, UH, A TRACTOR ON MY GRANDPARENTS' FARM. 作者：呃，我祖父母农场的拖拉机。
AND I COULD LEARN HOW TO ADJUST IT. 而且我可以学习如何调整它。
AND IT WOULDN'T TEASE ME OR DO ANYTHING BAD. 而且它不会取笑我或做任何坏事。
IT WOULDN'T RUN AWAY. IT WOULD ALWAYS BE THERE. 它不会逃跑。
AND I COULD COUNT ON IT. 而且我可以依靠它。
AND I--I GUESS I LEARNED TO MAKE FRIENDS 而且我-我猜想我可以结交朋友
WITH THE MACHINES 用机器
BEFORE I LEARNED HOW TO MAKE FRIENDS WITH OTHER PEOPLE. 在我学会如何与其他人交朋友之前。
EAGLEMAN, VOICE-OVER: IN TIME, JOHN'S AFFINITY FOR TECHNOLOGY EAGLEMAN，配音：及时，JOHN精通技术
TOOK HIM TO PLACES HIS BULLIES COULD ONLY DREAM OF. 只能将他的欺凌行为放在梦里。
BY 21, HE WAS A ROADIE FOR THE BAND KISS. 到21岁时，他已成为乐队乐队的代言人。
ROBISON: THIS WAS ME BACK WITH, UH, KISS IN THE SEVENTIES. 罗宾逊：这是我在七十年代回过头来的。
UH, I LOOK OLDER AND FATTER AND STUFF. 呃，我看的是旧书，杂物和东西。
I DON'T LOOK THE SAME ANYMORE. 我再也看不到了。
EAGLEMAN, VOICE-OVER: SURROUNDED BY LEGENDARY EAGLEMAN，配音：由传奇人物环绕
ROCK AND ROLL EXCESS, 摇滚乐超额
HIS OUTLOOK REMAINED DIFFERENT FROM OTHER PEOPLE'S. 他的展望与其他人不同。
ROBISON: PEOPLE WOULD COME UP TO ME ALL THE TIME. 罗宾逊：人们总是会来找我。
AND THEY WOULD SAY, "WHAT'S THIS GUY LIKE," 他们会说：“这家伙是怎么回事？”
OR, "WHAT'S THAT GUY LIKE?" 或者，“那是什么家伙？”
ROBISON: I WOULD SAY, "YEAH, THEIR STAGE SETUP, 罗伯逊：我会说，“是的，他们的舞台设置，
THEY HAD SUNN 2000S BASS AMPS," OR... 他们有SUNN 2000S BASS AMPS，”或...
OR, "GENE PLAYED SUNN COLISEUMS, 或者，“ GENE PLAY SUNN COLISEUMS，
AND WE HAD SEVEN BASS AMPS CHAINED TOGETHER. 我们一起被困了七个低音安培。
WE HAD 2,200 WATTS IN THE BASS SYSTEM FOR THAT." 为此，我们在低音系统中有2200瓦。”
BUT I MAYBE COULDN'T TELL YOU THE FIRST THING 但是我可能不会告诉你第一件事
ABOUT THE MUSICIANS WHO SANG THROUGH THEM. 关于通过他们唱歌的音乐家。
NOW I REALIZE THAT SHOWS THAT I DID 现在我实现了我所展示的
KIND OF LIVE IN A DIFFERENT WORLD ALL THOSE YEARS-- 这些年来，人们生活在不同的世界中
A WORLD OF MACHINES AND EQUIPMENT. 机器和设备的世界。
EAGLEMAN, VOICE-OVER: WHEN HE WAS 40, JOHN WAS DIAGNOSED 伊格曼（EAGLEMAN），旁白：当他40岁时，约翰被诊断出
WITH ASPERGER'S-- A FORM OF AUTISM. 与ASPERGER一起-自闭症的一种形式。
MANY REGIONS OF THE BRAIN ARE ENGAGED 参与了大脑的许多区域
DURING SOCIAL INTERACTION. 在社交互动中。
BUT IN AUTISM THAT BRAIN ACTIVITY 但是自闭症可以使大脑活动
ISN'T SEEN AS STRONGLY. 视力不强。
AND THAT'S PARALLELED BY DIMINISHED SOCIAL SKILLS. 而且这是由于社交技巧减少而引起的。
I DIDN'T REALLY UNDERSTAND THAT THERE WERE 我不是真的了解那里
COMPLEX MESSAGES IN FACES 面对复杂的信息
UNTIL I WAS WELL INTO ADULTHOOD 直到我很好地适应成人
AND LEARNED ABOUT AUTISM. 并了解自闭症。
I KNEW THAT PEOPLE COULD, UH, DISPLAY SIGNS OF CRAZED ANGER. 我知道人们会，呃，显示出发狂的迹象。
BUT IF YOU, UM, ASKED ABOUT MORE SUBTLE EXPRESSIONS-- 但是，如果您，UM询问更多有关字幕的信息，
YOU KNOW, "I THINK YOU'RE SWEET, 您知道，“我认为您很甜，
"AND I WONDER WHAT YOU'RE HIDING," “而且我想知道您隐藏的是什么，”
OR, "I'D REALLY LIKE TO DO THAT," 或者，“我真的很喜欢那样做”
OR, "I WISH YOU'D DO THIS..." OR THAT. 或者，“我希望你会这样做...”或那样。
I...I HAD NO IDEA ABOUT THINGS LIKE THAT. 我...我对此没有想法。
EAGLEMAN, VOICE-OVER: BUT THEN CAME A TRANSFORMING MOMENT EAGLEMAN，配音：但随后变成了转变的时刻
IN JOHN'S LIFE. 在约翰的生活中。
IN 2008, HE WAS INVITED TO HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL 2008年，他受邀进入哈佛医学院
TO TAKE PART IN AN EXPERIMENT ON HIS BRAIN 参加他的大脑实验
OVERSEEN BY DR. ALVARO PASCUAL-LEONE. 由DR监督。
PASCUAL-LEONE: IT WAS AN ATTEMPT TO TRY TO UNDERSTAND PASCUAL-LEONE：尝试了解
HOW ACTIVITY IN ONE AREA 一个地区的活动如何
AFFECTS ACTIVITY IN AN AREA... IN ANOTHER AREA 在一个区域中影响活动...在另一个区域中
AND HOW THAT AFFECTS BEHAVIOR. 以及如何影响行为。
[MONITOR BEEPING] [监听提示音]
EAGLEMAN, VOICE-OVER: THE EXPERIMENT WAS ONLY MEANT EAGLEMAN，配音：实验只是很简单
TO HELP THE SCIENTISTS GAIN GREATER KNOWLEDGE 帮助科学家获得更大的知识
ABOUT THE AUTISTIC BRAIN, 关于自闭症
BUT THEN SOMETHING UNEXPECTED HAPPENED. 但随后发生了意外情况。
JOHN WAS GIVEN 约翰给了
TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION OR TMS. 跨颅磁刺激或TMS。
MAGNETIC COILS WERE PLACED NEXT TO HIS HEAD 将磁线圈放在他的头部旁边
TO GENERATE MINUTE ELECTRICAL CURRENTS IN THE BRAIN 在大脑中产生微小的电流
AND ALTER ITS ACTIVITY. 并更改其活动。
THE RESEARCHERS TARGETED DIFFERENT REGIONS OF 研究人员针对不同地区
JOHN'S BRAIN TO SEE WHETHER INTERFERING 约翰的大脑要看看是否有干扰
WITH HIS BRAIN ACTIVITY HAD ANY EFFECT ON HIS BEHAVIOR. 具有他的大脑活动对他的行为没有任何影响。
ROBISON: THEY WOULD TEST ME AFTER THE SESSION. 鲁滨逊：他们会在会议之后进行测试。
I WOULD GO HOME KIND OF NOT KNOWING WHAT TO EXPECT. 我会回家，不知道会发生什么。
EAGLEMAN, VOICE-OVER: AT FIRST THERE WAS NO RESULT. EAGLEMAN，画外音：首先没有结果。
BUT THEN THEY TARGETED 但是他们有针对性
THE DORSOLATERAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX-- 背侧前皮质-
A REGION INVOLVED 涉及的地区
IN FLEXIBLE THINKING AND ABSTRACTION. 灵活思考和抽象。
AND SOMETHING DRAMATIC HAPPENED. 和一些戏剧性的发生。
SOMEHOW I BECAME DIFFERENT. 有人说我不同。
PASCUAL-LEONE: HE CONTACTED US, UH--VERY EXCITED PASCUAL-LEONE：他与我们联系，呃，非常激动
TO SAY, YOU KNOW, "THE EFFECTS OF THE STIMULATION 要说，您知道，“刺激效应
"SEEMED TO HAVE UNLOCKED SOMETHING. “似乎已经解锁了一些东西。
"AND THE EFFECTS IS STILL LASTING. “而且效果仍然持久。
AND I NOW CAN DO THINGS THAT I COULD NEVER DO." 而且我现在可以做我永远做不到的事情。”
ROBISON: AFTER TMS, I WAS ABLE TO, UH, SORT OF 罗比逊：TMS之后，我可以...
READ SIGNALS FROM OTHER PEOPLE 阅读其他人的信号
AND UNDERSTAND WHAT WAS GOING ON. 并了解发生了什么。
PASCUAL-LEONE: SO I LISTENED TO THAT, FASCINATED BY IT, PASCUAL-LEONE：我听了它的介绍，
AND THOUGHT, "OK, WELL, WHATEVER. 想着，“好吧，随便什么。
IT'LL GO AWAY." 会走开的。”
UH, BUT IT DIDN'T. IT... 呃，但没有。
IT ACTUALLY, UM, REMAINS SOMETHING 实际上，嗯，有些麻烦
THAT--THAT HAD REALLY FUNDAMENTALLY CHANGED IN... 那个-根本上改变了...
IN HIM. 在他那边。
EAGLEMAN, VOICE-OVER: SOMEHOW, AND ENTIRELY ACCIDENTALLY, EAGLEMAN，旁白：完全是偶然地，
THE TMS HAD UNLOCKED A WHOLE NEW WORLD FOR JOHN. TMS为约翰打开了一个全新的世界。
...VEGETABLE SANDWICH ...蔬菜三明治
TO BRING HOME. 回家。
WHAT HAVE YOU GOT... 你有什么...
ROBISON, VOICE-OVER: I'D BE TEMPTED TO SAY, 罗宾逊，旁白：我很想说，
"I COULDN'T READ PEOPLE AND NOW I CAN," “我不会读别人的，现在我能读。”
BUT THAT'S NOT REALLY TRUE. 但是那不是真的。
ROBISON: OK. HOW ABOUT 罗宾逊：好的。
A FULL-SIZE ONE OF THEM... 全尺寸之一...
SURE. 当然。
IT'S MORE ACCURATE TO SAY 说的更准确
I HAD NO IDEA THERE WERE THESE MESSAGES EMANATING 我没有想法这些消息正在传播
FROM OTHER PEOPLE. 来自其他人。
[ROBISON ORDERING] [ROBISON订购]
ROBISON: VOICE-OVER: TMS SHOWED ME THOSE MESSAGES. ROBISON：旁白：TMS向我显示了这些消息。
AND NOW THAT I'M AWARE THAT THEY'RE OUT THERE, 现在我知道他们在那里，
EVERYTHING I DO IS DIFFERENT. 我所做的一切都是不同的。
ALL OF A SUDDEN, YOU CAN WALK AROUND 突然之间，您可以漫步
AND ENGAGE THE WORLD. 与世界互动。
AND IT'S A BIG, BIG THING. 而且这是一件大事。
OK, THANKS! 好，谢谢！
PASCUAL-LEONE: WE DON'T KNOW PASCUAL-LEONE：我们不知道
EXACTLY WHAT HAPPENED NEUROBIOLOGICALLY. UM... 完全是神经生物学上发生的事情。
BUT I THINK IT NOW OFFERS THE OPPORTUNITY FOR US 但我现在想起来给我们提供了机会
TO UNDERSTAND WHAT BEHAVIORAL MODIFICATIONS, 要了解哪些行为修改，
WHAT INTERVENTIONS MIGHT BE POSSIBLE 可能采取什么干预措施
TO LEARN FROM HIM THAT WE CAN THEN TEACH OTHERS. 向HIM学习，然后我们可以教其他人。
EAGLEMAN, VOICE-OVER: JOHN'S TRANSFORMATION IS A REMINDER 伊格曼（EAGLEMAN），旁白：约翰的转型是一个提醒
THAT ALL THE ACTIVITIES OF THE HUMAN BRAIN, 人体的所有活动
INCLUDING THE SUBTLE INTERPLAY OF EMOTIONS AND RELATIONSHIPS, 包括情感和关系的微妙互动，
ARE ROOTED IN THE DETAILED PATTERNS 根植于详细的样式中
OF TRILLIONS OF ELECTROCHEMICAL SIGNALS. 数以千计的电化学信号。
[SIZZLING] [打喷嚏]
[LAUGHTER, INDISTINCT CHATTER] [笑声，直截了当的聊天]
EAGLEMAN, VOICE-OVER: SOMEHOW, HUMANS CAN LOOK AT EAGLEMAN，语音结束：有人可以看一下
EACH OTHER AND STUDY 其他和研究
THE ARRANGEMENT OF FACIAL MUSCLES 面部肌肉的排列
AND THEN PROCESS THAT INFORMATION 然后处理该信息
INTO AN UNDERSTANDING OF OTHER PEOPLE'S THOUGHTS AND EMOTIONS. 对其他人的思想和情感的理解。
[CHATTER CONTINUES] [讨论继续]
EAGLEMAN, VOICE-OVER: IT'S AN ASTONISHING SKILL EAGLEMAN，配音：这是令人惊讶的技能
BECAUSE THE CUES ARE SO SUBTLE. 因为提示太微妙了。
AND THE PROCESSING IS SO RAPID 而且处理非常迅速
THAT THE WHOLE OPERATION RUNS UNDER YOUR RADAR. 整个操作都在您的雷达下进行。
IT ONLY TAKES 33 MILLISECONDS 它仅占用了33毫秒
FOR YOUR BRAIN TO PROCESS BASIC INFORMATION 为您的大脑处理基本信息
ABOUT SOMEONE'S FACIAL EXPRESSION 关于某人的面部表情
AND START REACTING TO IT. 并开始对它进行处理。
MAN: SO WE'RE GONNA PUT ONE ELECTRODE 男人：所以我们是将GONNA放在一个电极上
RIGHT ABOVE YOUR EYEBROW... 就在您的眼眉上方...
EAGLEMAN, VOICE-OVER: SO HOW DOES IT DO THAT? EAGLEMAN，旁白：那怎么办？
AND THE OTHER RIGHT ON YOUR CHEEK. 以及您面颊上的其他权利。
HERE WE GO. GREAT... 开始了。
EAGLEMAN, VOICE-OVER: I'VE INVITED A GROUP OF PEOPLE EAGLEMAN，旁白：我邀请了一群人
TO RUN AN EXPERIMENT. 进行实验。
I'VE WIRED THEM UP TO A MACHINE 我已经将它们连接到机器上
THAT MEASURES MOVEMENTS IN THEIR FACIAL MUSCLES. 可以测量其面部肌肉的运动。
AND I'VE ASKED THEM TO LOOK AT PHOTOGRAPHS OF FACES. 而且我已要求他们查看照片的照片。
WHEN PARTICIPANTS ARE LOOKING AT A PHOTOGRAPH 参与者正在拍照时
WITH A SMILE OR A FROWN, 带着微笑或皱眉，
WE SEE THIS ACTIVITY ON THE GRAPH 我们在图上看到了此活动
WHICH INDICATES THAT THEIR OWN FACIAL MUSCLES ARE MOVING. 表明自己的面部肌肉正在运动。
WHY? 为什么？
WELL, IT TURNS OUT THAT 好吧，结果证明了这一点
THEY ARE AUTOMATICALLY MIRRORING WITH THEIR OWN FACES 他们正在用自己的面孔自动模仿
THE EXPRESSIONS THAT THEY'RE SEEING. 他们正在寻找的表达方式。
EAGLEMAN: THAT WAS FUN, RIGHT? EAGLEMAN：那很有趣，对吗？
THE LAST ONE? 最后一个？
YEAH. YEAH, IT WAS A FUN TEST. 是的
EAGLEMAN, VOICE-OVER: BUT WHAT PURPOSE DOES EAGLEMAN，语音结束：但目的是什么
THIS MIRRORING SERVE? 此备忘服务？
I'VE INVITED A SECOND GROUP OF PEOPLE. 我邀请了第二个人。
THEY'RE SIMILAR TO THE FIRST GROUP, 他们与第一小组相似
EXCEPT FOR ONE THING. 除了一件事。
THIS IS THE MOST LETHAL NEUROTOXIN ON THE PLANET. 这是行星上最致命的神经毒素。
IF YOU WERE TO INGEST EVEN A FRACTION OF THIS, 如果您想摄取其中的一部分，
YOUR BRAIN COULD NO LONGER TELL YOUR MUSCLES HOW TO CONTRACT 您的大脑永远不会告诉您的肌肉如何合同
AND YOU WOULD DIE OF TOTAL PARALYSIS. 而且您将彻底瘫痪。
SO IT SEEMS UNLIKELY THAT ANYONE 所以任何人都一样
WOULD PAY TO HAVE THIS INJECTED INTO THEMSELVES, BUT THEY DO. 我们会付费将其注射到自己体内，但这样做。
THIS IS KNOWN AS BOTULINUM TOXIN OR BOTOX. 这就是肉毒杆菌毒素或肉毒杆菌毒素。
IF YOU PUT IT INTO YOUR FOREHEAD MUSCLES, 如果您将其放入前额肌肉，
IT PARALYZES THEM TO REDUCE WRINKLING. 它麻痹了他们，减少了皱纹。
BUT THERE'S A LESS WELL KNOWN SIDE-EFFECT. 但是有一个众所周知的副作用。
EAGLEMAN, VOICE-OVER: WHEN OUR PARTICIPANTS WITH BOTOX EAGLEMAN，配音：当我们的参与者使用肉毒杆菌毒素时
WENT THROUGH THE SAME TESTS, 通过相同的测试，
THEIR FACIAL MUSCLES RESPONDED LESS. 他们的面部肌肉反应较少。
NO SURPRISE THERE. 没有惊喜。
BUT REPLICATING AN EXPERIMENT OUT OF DUKE UNIVERSITY, 但代替了杜克大学的一项实验，
WE HAD BOTH GROUPS LOOK AT FACIAL EXPRESSIONS. 我们两个人都看过面部表情。
AND NOW THEY WERE ASKED TO CHOOSE THE WORD 现在他们被要求选择单词
THAT BEST DESCRIBED THE EMOTION THEY WERE SEEING. 最好地描述了他们所看到的情绪。
PANIC. 恐慌。
PANICKED. 惊慌失措。
UPSET. 烦恼。
EAGLEMAN, VOICE-OVER: ON AVERAGE, THE BOTOX GROUP EAGLEMAN，配音：平均来说，肉毒杆菌毒素集团
WAS WORSE AT IDENTIFYING THE EMOTIONS CORRECTLY. 正确识别情绪时，效果更差。
SKEPTICAL? 怀疑吗？
EAGLEMAN, VOICE-OVER: IT SEEMS THAT EAGLEMAN，配音：那是什么
THE LACK OF FEEDBACK FROM THEIR FACIAL MUSCLES 面部肌肉缺乏反馈
IMPAIRS THEIR ABILITY TO READ OTHER PEOPLE. 削弱他们阅读其他人的能力。
THE PARALYZED FACES OF BOTOX USERS 肉毒杆菌毒素使用者的瘫痪面孔
NOT ONLY MAKES IT HARD FOR US TO TELL WHAT THEY'RE FEELING, 不仅让我们很难告诉他们他们的感受，
THOSE SAME FROZEN MUSCLES MAKE IT HARD FOR THEM TO READ US. 那些冻僵的肌肉让他们难以阅读。
AND THAT TELLS US SOMETHING. 并告诉我们一些事情。
WHEN I'M HAPPY OR SAD, 当我快乐或悲伤时，
PART OF THAT FEELING RELIES ON THE UNCONSCIOUS FEEDBACK 感觉与不正确的反馈有关
FROM MUSCLES IN MY FACE. 来自我脸上的肌肉。
AND OUR SOCIAL BRAINS TAKE ADVANTAGE OF THAT-- 和我们的社会智囊团正如此-
SO WHEN WE'RE TRYING TO UNDERSTAND 因此，当我们尝试理解时
WHAT SOMEONE ELSE IS FEELING, WE TRY ON THEIR FACIAL EXPRESSION. 有人感觉到了什么，我们尝试他们的面部表情。
THIS AUTOMATIC MIRRORING OF EXPRESSIONS IS 这是自动模仿表达
JUST ONE WAY IN WHICH WE UNDERSTAND OTHERS. 我们了解他人的唯一途径。
THE BRAIN ALSO HAS A DEEPER WAY-- 脑子也有更好的选择
ONE THAT'S BEST EXPLAINED AT THE MOVIES. 电影中最好的解释之一。
[INDISTINCT CONVERSATIONS] [对话]
ONE TICKET, PLEASE. 一张票，请。
THANK YOU. 谢谢。
EAGLEMAN, VOICE-OVER: WHEN WE GO TO THE MOVIE THEATER, 埃格曼，配音：当我们去看电影剧院时，
WE KNOW FULL WELL THAT IT'S MAKE-BELIEVE. 我们完全可以相信。
THE PEOPLE ON THE SCREEN ARE JUST ACTING. 屏幕上的人正在行动。
AND YET WE STILL REACT. 而且我们仍然会做出反应。
WE GASP AND FLINCH AND CRY. 我们喘不过气来，哭泣。
WHY DO WE FALL FOR IT? 我们为什么喜欢它？
[MOVIE CHARACTER SCREAMING] [电影人物尖叫]
TO UNDERSTAND WHY WE CARE ABOUT OTHER PEOPLE GETTING HURT, 了解为什么我们关心其他人受伤，
YOU NEED TO UNDERSTAND WHAT HAPPENS IN YOUR BRAIN 您需要了解脑中发生的情况
WHEN YOU GET HURT. 当你受伤时。
SO IMAGINE THAT SOMEBODY WERE TO STAB YOUR HAND 因此，请想象有人会刺伤您的手
WITH A SYRINGE NEEDLE. 带有注射器针头。
THAT ACTIVATES A NETWORK OF AREAS IN YOUR BRAIN 激活您大脑中的区域网络
THAT WE CALL THE PAIN MATRIX. 我们打电话给痛苦矩阵。
EAGLEMAN, VOICE-OVER: THERE'S NO SINGLE SPOT IN THE BRAIN EAGLEMAN，画外音：大脑中没有单个斑点
WHERE PAIN IS PROCESSED. 在哪里痛苦。
INSTEAD, THE PERCEPTION OF PAIN ARISES 代之以痛觉
FROM SEVERAL DIFFERENT AREAS NETWORKING TOGETHER. 来自多个不同领域的网络。
STRANGELY ENOUGH, THIS PAIN MATRIX IS 奇怪，这个痛苦矩阵是
AT THE HEART OF HOW WE CONNECT WITH OTHERS. 我们如何与他人建立联系。
[CHARACTER SCREAMING IN MOVIE] [电影中的字符放大]
EAGLEMAN, VOICE-OVER: NOW, WHEN YOU WATCH EAGLEMAN，配音：现在，当您观看时
SOMEONE ELSE GET STABBED, 有人被刺伤，
YOUR PAIN MATRIX BECOMES ACTIVATED. 您的痛苦矩阵被激活。
NOT THE PARTS THAT TELL YOU YOU'VE ACTUALLY BEEN TOUCHED, 并非真正告诉您的部分，
BUT THE PARTS INVOLVED 但是涉及的零件
IN THE EMOTIONAL EXPERIENCE OF PAIN. 在痛苦的情感体验中。
IN OTHER WORDS, WATCHING SOMEONE ELSE IN PAIN 换句话说，看别人的痛苦
AND BEING IN PAIN USE THE SAME NEURAL MACHINERY. 并且使用相同的神经机械痛苦。
AND THAT'S THE BASIS OF EMPATHY. 这就是同情的基础。
[MOVIE SOUNDTRACK MUSIC] [电影配乐音乐]
EAGLEMAN: TO EMPATHIZE WITH ANOTHER PERSON EAGLEMAN：与另一个人共处
IS TO LITERALLY FEEL THEIR PAIN. 从字面上感觉是他们的痛苦。
[SCREAMING] [尖叫]
EAGLEMAN: YOU RUN A COMPELLING SIMULATION EAGLEMAN：您进行了令人信服的模拟
OF WHAT IT WOULD BE LIKE IF YOU WERE IN THAT SITUATION. 如果您处于那种情况，那会是什么样子。
AND OUR CAPACITY TO DO THIS IS WHY STORIES AND MOVIES 和我们做这件事的能力是为什么的故事和电影
AND NOVELS ARE SO ABSORBING 而且小说是如此吸引人
AND WHY THEY'RE SO PERVASIVE ACROSS HUMAN CULTURE. 为什么在整个人类文化中如此普及。
BECAUSE WHETHER IT'S ABOUT TOTAL STRANGERS 因为这与总人数有关
OR MADE-UP CHARACTERS, 或化妆角色，
YOU EXPERIENCE THEIR AGONY AND THEIR ECSTASY. 您会体验到他们的痛苦和狂喜。
YOU FLUIDLY BECOME THEM 你流水成为他们
AND LIVE THEIR LIVES AND STAND IN THEIR VANTAGE POINTS. 并过着自己的生活并站在他们的要点上。
YOU CAN TELL YOURSELF THAT THE STORIES AREN'T REAL, 您可以告诉自己这些故事不是真实的，
BUT SOME NEURONS DEEP IN YOUR BRAIN CAN'T TELL THE DIFFERENCE. 但是您脑中的某些神经元无法分辨。
EAGLEMAN, VOICE-OVER: OUR CAPACITY TO FEEL EAGLEMAN，配音：我们的能力
ANOTHER PERSON'S PAIN IS PART OF WHAT MAKES US 另一个人的痛苦是让我们感到痛苦的一部分
SO GOOD AT TAKING OTHER PEOPLE'S PERSPECTIVE-- 很好地接受了其他人的看法-
TO STEP OUT OF OUR SHOES AND INTO THEIR SHOES, 为了摆脱我们的鞋子，进入他们的鞋子，
NEURALLY SPEAKING. 神经说话。
EAGLEMAN, VOICE-OVER: WE CAN'T HELP BUT CONNECT WITH OTHERS. EAGLEMAN，旁白：我们无法帮助与他人建立联系。
WE'RE HARDWIRED TO BE EXTREMELY SOCIAL CREATURES. 我们非常极端，不愿社交。
AND THAT RAISES A QUESTION. 并提出了一个问题。
WHAT WOULD HAPPEN IF THE BRAIN WERE STARVED OF HUMAN CONTACT? 如果脑部饥饿，会发生什么情况？
IN 2009, PEACE ACTIVIST SARAH SHOURD 2009年，和平主义者SARAH
AND HER TWO COMPANIONS WERE HIKING IN THE MOUNTAINS 和她的两个伙伴在山上徒步旅行
OF NORTHERN IRAQ--AN AREA THAT WAS AT THE TIME PEACEFUL. 伊拉克北部的一个和平地区。
BUT THEY ACCIDENTALLY STRAYED INTO IRAN, 但是他们偶然误入了伊朗，
AND THEY WERE ARRESTED. 并且他们被逮捕了。
SHOURD: THEY PULLED US APART 应声：他们要求美国APART
AND THREW US IN SEPARATE CELLS 然后把我们放在单独的细胞里
AND SLAMMED THE DOOR. 然后把门砸了
AND, UM, THAT WAS THE BEGINNING OF-- 而且，嗯，这是
OF THE NEXT 410 DAYS OF MY LIFE IN THAT CELL. 接下来的410天中的那个细胞。
WELL, IN THE EARLY WEEKS AND, REALLY, MONTHS 好吧，在前几周，实际上是月
OF SOLITARY CONFINEMENT, YOU'RE REDUCED 的孤儿，你被减少了
TO AN ANIMAL-LIKE STATE. 对类似动物的国家。
I MEAN, YOU ARE AN ANIMAL IN A CAGE. 我的意思是，您是笼中的动物。
[GROWLING] [成长中]
AND THE MAJORITY OF YOUR HOURS ARE PACING. 和您的大部分时间都在增加。
AND THE ANIMAL-LIKE STATE 和类似动物的国家
SORT OF EVENTUALLY TRANSFORMED 有效转换的排序
INTO A MORE PLANT-LIKE STATE... 进入更像植物的州...
WHEN YOUR MIND STARTS TO SLOW DOWN 当您的思维开始慢下来时
AND YOUR THOUGHTS BECOME REPETITIVE. 并且您的想法变得具有重复性。
[CLIPPED MOVIE DIALOGUE] [剪辑电影对话]
SHOURD, VOICE-OVER: YOUR BRAIN TURNS ON ITSELF. 简短的说声：您的大脑自动变身。
AND IT BECOMES THE-- THE SOURCE OF YOUR WORST PAIN 并成为您的最痛之源
AND YOUR WORST TORTURE. 和你最糟糕的折磨。
I WOULD RELIVE EVERY DETAIL OF MY LIFE. 我将重拾生命的每一个细节。
AND EVENTUALLY, YOU RUN OUT OF--OF MEMORIES. 而且实际上，您的内存已用完。
AND YOU'VE TOLD THEM ALL TO YOURSELF 而且您已经将它们全部告诉了自己
SO MANY TIMES, AND IT DOESN'T TAKE THAT LONG. 如此多次，而且不需要那么长时间。
EAGLEMAN, VOICE-OVER: EXTREME SOCIAL DEPRAVATION 伊格曼（EAGLEMAN），旁白：极端的社会偏见
CAUSES DEEP PSYCHOLOGICAL PAIN. 引起深层次的心理痛苦。
WITHOUT INTERACTION, THE BRAIN SUFFERS. 没有交互作用，大脑会受到困扰。
SOLITARY CONFINEMENT IS DESIGNED TO EAT AWAY AT 设计单独的密闭空间以消除
AND REALLY ATTACK WHAT ESSENTIALLY MAKES US HUMAN. 并真正使我们人类遭受攻击。
EAGLEMAN, VOICE-OVER: SARAH'S BRAIN USED EAGLEMAN，旁白：使用了SARAH的大脑
THE SCANT SENSORY INFORMATION IT HAD TO CONSTRUCT A REALITY. 理想的传感信息已经构成了现实。
SHOURD: THE SUN WOULD COME IN AT A CERTAIN TIME OF DAY 应该：太阳一定会在一天中的某个时间降临
AT AN ANGLE THROUGH MY WINDOW. 穿过我的窗户的一个角度。
AND ALL OF THE LITTLE DUST PARTICLES IN MY CELL 以及我的细胞中所有微小的灰尘颗粒
WERE ILLUMINATED BY THE SUN. 被太阳照亮。
I SAW ALL OF THOSE PARTICLES OF DUST AS BEING 我看到了所有这些尘埃粒子
OTHER HUMAN BEINGS OCCUPYING THE PLANET. 占领地球的其他人类。
AND THEY WERE IN THE STREAM OF LIFE. 并且他们处于生命之流。
THEY WERE INTERACTING. THEY WERE BOUNCING OFF ONE ANOTHER. 他们互动。
THEY WERE DOING SOMETHING COLLECTIVE. 他们正在做一些集体的事情。
AND I SAW MYSELF AS OFF IN A CORNER, YOU KNOW, 而且我知道自己是一个角落的人，你知道，
WALLED OFF BY--BY MYSELF OUT OF THE STREAM OF LIFE. 一路走走-由我自己超越了生命的流线。
EAGLEMAN, VOICE-OVER: IN SEPTEMBER 2010 EAGLEMAN，配音：2010年9月
AFTER 410 DAYS IN SOLITARY CONFINEMENT, 经过410天的单独监禁，
SARAH WAS FINALLY RELEASED AND ALLOWED TO REJOIN THE WORLD. 最终将SARAH放行并允许重新加入世界。
BUT FOR A LONG TIME, SHE SUFFERED 但是很长一段时间，她感到很痛苦
FROM EXTREME POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS. 来自极度创伤后的压力。
THE PHILOSOPHER MARTIN HEIDEGGER SAID 哲学家马丁·海德格尔说
WE CAN'T TALK ABOUT BEING. 我们不能谈论存在。
WE CAN ONLY TALKING ABOUT BEING IN THE WORLD. 我们只能谈论世界。
IN OTHER WORDS, THE WORLD AROUND YOU IS A PART OF WHO YOU ARE. 换句话说，您周围的世界是您所在世界的一部分。
IN A VACUUM, YOU LOSE YOUR SENSE OF SELF. 在真空中，您失去了自我感觉。
IT'S NOT EASY FOR SCIENCE TO STUDY PEOPLE 科学研究不是一件容易的事
WHILE THEY'RE EXPERIENCING SOLITARY CONFINEMENT, 当他们经历单独的约束时，
BUT A SIMPLE EXPERIMENT 简单的实验
DESIGNED BY NEUROSCIENTIST NAOMI EISENBERGER CAN GIVE US 由神经科学家NAOMI EISENBERGER设计可以给我们
AN INSIGHT INTO WHAT'S HAPPENING IN THE BRAIN 大脑中正在发生的事情
WHEN WE FEEL EXCLUDED. 我们被排除在外时。
IT'S BASED ON A GAME OF CATCH. 它基于游戏的捕捉。
WHILE VOLUNTEERS PLAYED A COMPUTER GAME OF CATCH, 当义工们玩计算机游戏时，
EISENBERGER AND HER TEAM SCANNED THEIR BRAINS. EISENBERGER和她的团队为他们的大脑倾斜。
THE VOLUNTEERS THOUGHT THE OTHER CHARACTERS WERE CONTROLLED 义工们思考了其他角色
BY OTHER PARTICIPANTS, 由其他参与者，
BUT, IN FACT, THEY WERE JUST PART OF THE COMPUTER PROGRAM. 但实际上，它们只是计算机程序的一部分。
AT FIRST, THE OTHER CHARACTERS PLAYED NICELY, 首先，其他角色表现得很好，
BUT AFTER A WHILE, THEY'D CUT THE VOLUNTEER OUT OF THE GAME 但是经过一会儿，他们就将自愿者从游戏中剔除了
AND SIMPLY PLAY BETWEEN THEMSELVES. 并在自己之间轻松玩。
SHE FOUND THAT BEING LEFT OUT OF THE GAME 她发现游戏不再存在
ACTIVATED THE PAIN MATRIX. 激活疼痛矩阵。
NOT GETTING THE BALL MIGHT SEEM INSIGNIFICANT, 没想到球可能会变得微不足道，
BUT TO THE BRAIN, 但是，
SOCIAL REJECTION IS SO MEANINGFUL 拒绝社交是如此有意义
THAT IT HURTS. 那很伤人。
[INDISTINCT CHATTER] [即时聊天]
EAGLEMAN, VOICE-OVER: BUT THAT PAIN, IN TURN, IS USEFUL. EAGLEMAN，画外音：但反过来，痛苦是有用的。
IT PUSHES US IN THE DIRECTION OF BONDING WITH OTHERS. 它用于指导与其他人绑定。
WE ALL SEEK OUT ALLIANCES. 我们都寻求联盟。
WE JOIN WITH FRIENDS, WITH FAMILY, WITH COLLEAGUES. 我们与朋友，家人，同事一起加入。
IT COULD BE WHICH TEAM WE SUPPORT... 我们应该支持的团队...
WHAT STYLE WE GO FOR... 我们要做什么？
WHAT OUR HOBBIES ARE. 我们的爱好是什么。
IT GIVES COMFORT TO BELONG TO A GROUP. 它使一群人感到舒适。
AND THAT GIVES US A CRITICAL CLUE 而这给了我们一个关键的线索
INTO OUR SUCCESS AS A SPECIES. 作为一种成功案例进入我们的市场。
SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST ISN'T JUST ABOUT INDIVIDUALS. 生存的最根本就不是个人。
IT'S ALSO ABOUT GROUPS. 它也是关于组。
WE'RE SAFER. WE'RE MORE PRODUCTIVE. 我们很安全。
WE OVERCOME CHALLENGES. 我们克服了挑战。
THE DRIVE TO WORK IN GROUPS HAS HELPED HUMAN POPULATIONS THRIVE 群体工作的动力不断增强
ACROSS THE PLANET 整个行星
AND BUILD ENTIRE CIVILIZATIONS. 和完整的文明。
AND YET THERE'S A FLIPSIDE TO THIS DRIVE TO COME TOGETHER. 而且，这种驱动力还有一个共同点。
BECAUSE FOR EVERY "IN" GROUP, THERE ARE OUTSIDERS. 因为每个“组”中的人都有外人。
AND THE CONSEQUENCES OF THAT CAN BE VERY DARK. 以及其后果可能非常黑暗。
HISTORY IS PLAGUED WITH EXAMPLES 历史充斥着例子
OF ONE GROUP TURNING ON ANOTHER THAT WAS DEFENSELESS 一个小组开启另一场缺乏防守的比赛
AND POSED NO THREAT. 并且没有威胁。
IF YOU WERE TO LOOK AT MY FAMILY TREE, 如果您要看看我的家庭树，
YOU WOULD SEE THAT MOST OF THE BRANCHES END 您将看到大部分分支结束
IN THE EARLY 1940s. 在1940年代初期。
THIS IS BECAUSE MY FAMILY IS ETHNICALLY JEWISH. 这是因为我的家人在种族上是犹太人。
THAT SMALL SOCIAL MARKER WAS ENOUGH 那个小小的社会标志是足够的
TO PROMPT NAZI GENOCIDE. 促使纳粹种族灭绝。
UNDER NORMAL CIRCUMSTANCES, 在正常情况下，
YOU WOULDN'T FIND IT CONSCIONABLE 您不会发现它合理的
TO GO MURDER YOUR NEIGHBOR. 去谋杀你的邻居。
SO WHAT IS IT THAT ALLOWS HUNDREDS OR THOUSANDS OF PEOPLE 因此，这就是数百或数千人
TO SUDDENLY DO EXACTLY THAT? 突然做那件事？
WHAT IS IT ABOUT CERTAIN SITUATIONS 关于某些情况是什么
THAT SHORT-CIRCUITS THE NORMAL SOCIAL FUNCTIONING OF THE BRAIN? 简而言之，大脑的正常社会功能是什么？
WHILE THE NAZI HOLOCAUST WAS ON AN UNPRECEDENTED SCALE, 当NAZI Holocust处于前所未有的规模时，
IT WASN'T UNIQUE. 它不是唯一的。
GENOCIDE CONTINUED TO OCCUR ALL OVER THE WORLD. 种族灭绝持续发生在世界各地。
AND WITHIN A GENERATION, IT RETURNED TO EASTERN EUROPE. 一代又一代，它又回到了东欧。
THIS TIME, IT WAS IN YUGOSLAVIA. 这次是在南斯拉夫。
[GUNFIRE] [炮火]
THE BOSNIAN WAR FROM 1992 TO '95 从1992年到95年的波斯尼亚战争
SAW ATROCITIES ON BOTH SIDES. 双方都看到锯。
IN ONE OF THE WORST, MORE THAN 100,000 BOSNIAN MUSLIMS, 在超过10万个波斯尼亚穆斯林的惨案之一中，
KNOWN AS BOSNIAKS, WERE SLAUGHTERED 被称为BONKIAKS，被屠杀了
BY SERBIANS IN ACTIONS KNOWN AS ETHNIC CLEANSING. 由塞尔维亚人采取的称为种族清洗的行动。
ONE OF THE MOST HORRIBLE INCIDENTS 最可怕的事件之一
HAPPENED HERE AT SREBRENICA. 发生在SRBERRENICA。
[MAN SPEAKING FOREIGN LANGUAGE] [说外语的人]
EAGLEMAN, VOICE-OVER: OVER THE COURSE OF JUST 10 DAYS, EAGLEMAN，配音：在仅仅10天的课程中，
8,000 PEOPLE WERE SYSTEMATICALLY KILLED. 系统地杀害了8,000人。
HOW DOES SOMETHING LIKE THIS HAPPEN? 怎么会发生这种情况？
HERE IN 1995, THOUSANDS OF BOSNIAKS TOOK REFUGE 1995年，成千上万的波斯尼亚克人进行了翻新
INSIDE THIS UNITED NATIONS COMPOUND, 在这个联合国内部，
BECAUSE THIS VILLAGE WAS SURROUNDED BY SIEGE FORCES. 因为这个村庄被SIEGE FORCE包围了。
BUT THEN ON JULY 11th, THE U.N. COMMANDERS MADE THE DECISION 但是，到了7月11日，联合国的工作人员做出了决定
TO EXPEL ALL THE REFUGEES. 驱逐所有难民。
AND THEY DELIVERED THEM RIGHT INTO THE HANDS OF THEIR ENEMIES, 他们将他们带入敌人的手中，
WHO WERE WAITING JUST OUTSIDE THIS GATE. 谁在等这个门外。
WOMEN WERE RAPED, 妇女遭到强奸，
AND MEN WERE EXECUTED, AND EVEN CHILDREN WERE KILLED. 和男人被处决，甚至儿童被杀。
AND THIS WAS JUST THE BEGINNING OF WHAT WOULD BE 而这仅仅是一切的开始
THE LARGEST GENOCIDE ON EUROPEAN SOIL SINCE THE HOLOCAUST. 自浩劫以来，欧洲土壤上发生的最大种族灭绝。
HASAN NUHANOVIC: THE DUTCH WERE THERE. HASAN NUHANOVIC：就是荷兰了。
I MEAN, THE WORLD WAS THERE. YOU KNOW, THE U.N. 我的意思是，世界就在那里。
THE SERBS WERE THERE AS PERPETRATORS. 塞伯斯是柏拉图人。
EVERYTHING WAS MIXED. 一切都杂了。
THE REFUGES WERE THERE, THE BABIES WERE CRYING. 那里有避难所，婴儿正在哭泣。
I WAS THERE BEING PROTECTED WITH THAT U.N. I.D. CARD 我受到联合国内政部的保护
THAT SAID "U.N. LANGUAGE ASSISTANT," WHATEVER. 不管怎么说，“联合国语言助手”。
EAGLEMAN, VOICE-OVER: HASAN NUHANOVIC'S STATUS EAGLEMAN，配音：HASAN NUHANOVIC的状态
AS A U.N. TRANSLATOR MADE HIM PART OF A PROTECTED GROUP. 作为受保护组的联合国翻译员。
BUT HIS FAMILY MEMBERS WERE MARKED OUT 但他的家庭成员已被标出
BY THEIR IDENTITY AS MUSLIMS. 以其身份作为穆斯林。
AT THAT VERY MOMENT WHEN MY FAMILY 在我家人的那一刻
WAS BEING SENT OUT OF THE COMPOUND 正在发送化合物
TO ACTUALLY DIE, I LOST MY-- 其实我死了-
I LOST MY MOTHER, MY BROTHER, 我失去了我的母亲，我的兄弟，
AND MY FATHER. 和我的父亲。
YOU KNOW, LIKE, YOU ARE IN A SITUATION 您知道，就像您处于一种情况
WHEN YOUR FAMILY IS BEING KILLED. 当您的家人被杀时。
AND I WAS THINKING, MY GOD... 我在想，我的上帝...
I MEAN, WHY? 我的意思是，为什么？
EAGLEMAN, VOICE-OVER: ONE OF THE MOST STRIKING THINGS IS EAGLEMAN，配音：最引人注目的事情之一是
THAT THE PERPETRATORS WEREN'T STRANGERS. 永不束手无策。
THEY WERE PEOPLE WITH WHOM 他们是谁的人
HIS FAMILY HAD PREVIOUSLY SHARED A GREAT DEAL. 他的家人以前曾分享过一笔大生意。
THE CONTINUATION, YOU KNOW, OF... 您知道的持续性...
OF THE KILLINGS, OF TORTURE, 在杀戮的折磨中，
WAS PERPETRATED BY OUR NEIGHBORS. 由我们的邻居实施。
YOU KNOW? 你懂？
THE VERY PEOPLE WE HAVE BEEN LIVING 我们已经生活的非常人
WITH FOR DECADES. 与十年来。
THEY WERE CAPABLE OF KILLING 他们有杀人能力
THEIR OWN SCHOOL FRIENDS. 他们自己的学校朋友。
I REMEMBER THEY SAID 我记得他们说
THEY ARRESTED A DENTIST 他们逮捕了牙医
WHO WAS A BOSNIAK, 谁是波斯尼亚人，
THE BEST DENTIST IN THE TOWN. 镇上最好的牙医。
THEY TIED HIM UP FROM A LIGHT POLE, 他们把灯柱绑起来，
LIKE THIS IN FRONT OF THE POST OFFICE. 就像在邮局的前面一样。
HE WAS HANGING THERE LIKE THIS. 他挂了像这样的东西。
AND THEY BEAT HIM WITH A METAL BAR. 然后用金属条打败他。
THEY BROKE HIS SPINE. 他们打破了他的脊柱。
AND HE WAS THERE DYING FOR DAYS 他已经死了好几天
WHILE SERB CHILDREN WENT TO SCHOOL, 当SERB儿童上学时，
WALKING BY HIS BODY, YOU KNOW? 您知道他的身体在散步吗？
I MEAN, THERE ARE UNIVERSAL VALUES. 我的意思是，有普遍的价值。
AND THESE UNIVERSAL VALUES 和这些普遍价值
ARE KIND OF VERY BASIC: 非常基本的：
DON'T KILL... 不要杀...
APRIL '92, THIS DON'T KILL 92年4月，这不会杀人
SUDDENLY DISAPPEARED. 突然消失。
IT WAS LIKE, "GO AND KILL." 就像“去杀”。
IT WAS, ALLOWED TO KILL. 它被允许杀死。
THIS IS WHERE HASAN'S FAMILY IS BURIED. 这就是哈桑家人被埋葬的地方。
AND EACH YEAR, THERE ARE NEW BODIES 每年都有新的机构
THAT ARE FOUND AND IDENTIFIED, 找到并识别出
AND THEY'RE BROUGHT HERE. 和他们在这里崩溃。
MANY OF THESE GRAVES ARE FRESH. 这些坟墓中的许多都是新鲜的。
AND ACROSS THE HUMAN SPECIES, 以及整个人类
THIS IS JUST ONE GENOCIDE OF MANY. 这只是许多种族灭绝。
GENOCIDES KEEP HAPPENING-- 基因突变继续发生-
RWANDA, DARFUR, NANKING, ARMENIA. 卢旺达，达夫，亚美尼亚南京。
AND MY INTEREST IS IN UNDERSTANDING WHY. 而我的兴趣在于了解为什么。
TRADITIONALLY WE ASK THIS QUESTION 传统上我们要问这个问题
THROUGH THE LENS OF HISTORY OR ECONOMICS OR POLITICS. 通过历史，经济学或政治学的镜头。
AND THOSE ARE ALL IMPORTANT VANTAGE POINTS. 这些都是重要的要点。
BUT I THINK FOR A COMPLETE PICTURE, 但我想拍摄一张完整的照片，
ONE MORE LENS IS NEEDED. 需要更多的镜头。
WE NEED TO UNDERSTAND GENOCIDE AS A NEURAL PHENOMENON. 我们需要将种族灭绝理解为一种神经现象。
I'VE BEEN RESEARCHING THIS BACK IN MY LABORATORY. 我已经在实验室里对此进行了研究。
AND HERE IS MY MAIN QUESTION, WHEN WE INTERACT WITH SOMEONE, 这是我的主要问题，当我们与某人互动时，
DOES OUR BRAIN FUNCTION DIFFER 我们的大脑功能不同吗
ACCORDING TO WHICH GROUP THEY ARE IN? 根据他们所在的小组？
FOR EVERY "IN" GROUP WE BELONG TO, 对于我们所属的每个“组”，
THERE'S AT LEAST ONE GROUP THAT WE DON'T. 我们至少要有一个小组。
AND THAT DIVISION CAN BE BASED ON ANYTHING-- 而且该划分可以基于任何内容-
RACE OR GENDER OR WEALTH OR RELIGION. 种族，性别或财富或宗教。
WE PUT 130 PARTICIPANTS IN THIS SCANNER. 我们在此扫描仪中放置了130名参与者。
[INDISTINCT CONVERSATION] [即时对话]
EAGLEMAN, VOICE-OVER: AND HERE'S WHAT THEY SAW-- 老鹰，画外音：这是他们的声音-
SIX HANDS ON THE SCREEN. 屏幕上的六只手。
AND THE COMPUTER RANDOMLY PICKS ONE OF THESE. 并随机选择其中之一。
AND THEN THAT HAND GETS STABBED BY A SYRINGE NEEDLE. 然后手被注射器针刺伤。
NOW, THAT ACTIVATES THE PAIN MATRIX, 现在，激活疼痛矩阵，
WHICH IS WHAT COMES ON LINE 在线上会发生什么
WHEN YOU'RE IN PAIN OR YOU SEE SOMEONE ELSE IN PAIN. 当您处于痛苦中或看到他人痛苦时。
NOW HERE'S THE TRICK-- 现在是诀窍-
WE NOW ADDED A LABEL TO EACH HAND-- 我们现在为每个手添加了标签-
JEWISH, CHRISTIAN, MUSLIM, HINDU, ATHEIST, SCIENTOLOGIST. 犹太人，基督教徒，穆斯林，印度教，无神论者，科学专家。
AND THE QUESTION IS: WOULD THEY CARE AS MUCH 问题是：他们会尽可能地关心他们吗
WHEN THEY SEE A MEMBER OF THEIR OUT GROUP GETTING STABBED? 他们何时看到他们的外派成员被刺伤？
[INDISTINCT CONVERSATIONS] [对话]
SO HERE'S WHAT WE FOUND: 因此，我们发现了什么：
HERE'S A SUBJECT. 这是一个主题。
AND WHEN HE WATCHED 当他观看时
A MEMBER OF HIS "IN" GROUP 他的“在”组成员
GETTING STABBED, THERE WAS A LARGE NEURAL RESPONSE 被刺伤，有很大的神经反应
IN THIS AREA OF HIS BRAIN. 在他的大脑区域。
BUT WHEN HE WATCHED A MEMBER OF ONE OF HIS "OUT" GROUPS 但是，当他观看“他的”一个团体中的一个成员时
GET STABBED, THERE WAS ESSENTIALLY A FLAT LINE. 刺伤，基本上是一条平线。
WE SCANNED A RANGE OF VOLUNTEERS. 我们为众多志愿者服务。
AND THERE ARE INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES, 并且存在个体差异，
BUT THE TREND IS CLEAR. 但是趋势很明确。
A SINGLE WORD LABEL IS ENOUGH TO CHANGE 单字标签已足够更改
YOUR BRAIN'S BASIC PRE-CONSCIOUS RESPONSE 您的大脑的基本先天性反应
TO ANOTHER PERSON IN PAIN-- 对于另一个人来说-
IN OTHER WORDS, HOW MUCH YOU CARE ABOUT THEM. 换句话说，您如何关心它们。
NOW, YOU MIGHT HAVE OPINIONS ABOUT RELIGION 现在，您可能对宗教有意见
AND ITS HISTORICAL DIVISIVENESS, 及其历史划分
BUT EVEN ATHEISTS HERE CARE MORE 但是，即使是无神论者也在这里
ABOUT OTHER ATHEISTS' HANDS GETTING STABBED 关于其他无神论者的手被刺伤
THAN THEY DO ABOUT OTHER PEOPLE. 比其他人更重要。
SO IT'S NOT REALLY ABOUT RELIGION. 因此，它与宗教无关。
IT'S ABOUT WHICH TEAM YOU'RE ON. 这与您所在的团队有关。
THIS IS JUST THE FIRST STEP IN UNDERSTANDING 这只是了解的第一步
HOW WE GET TO THIS. 我们如何做到这一点。
TO UNDERSTAND HOW GROUPS OF PEOPLE CAN COMMIT ATROCITIES, 要了解人们如何进行暴行，
IT CAN HELP TO LOOK AT THE BEHAVIOR OF INDIVIDUALS 它可以帮助您查看个人的行为
LIKE PSYCHOPATHS. 像是精神病患者。
SOME OF THE MOST CALLOUS, INHUMANE CRIMES EVER RECORDED 某些历史上最丑陋，残酷的犯罪记录
HAVE BEEN COMMITTED BY PSYCHOPATHS. 已被心理障碍者委托。
BUT WHAT'S DIFFERENT ABOUT THEIR BRAINS 但是它们的大脑有什么不同
THAT ALLOWS THEM TO ACT THAT WAY? 允许他们以这种方式采取行动？
THERE ARE NETWORKS IN THE MEDIAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX 内侧前皮质有网络
THAT UNDERLIE SOCIAL INTERACTION. 理解社会互动。
WHEN WE INTERACT WITH OTHER PEOPLE, 当我们与其他人互动时，
THIS AREA BECOMES ACTIVE. 该区域变为活动状态。
BUT IN THE BRAIN OF SOMEONE WITH EXTREME PSYCHOPATHY, 但是，患有极度精神病的人的大脑，
THIS AREA HAS A LOT LESS ACTIVITY. 该区域缺少很多活动。
A PSYCHOPATH DOESN'T CARE ABOUT YOU. 精神病患者不在乎您。
HE MIGHT BE ABLE TO RUN A SIMULATION 他可能可以运行模拟
OF WHAT YOU'RE GOING TO DO OR HOW YOU MIGHT REACT, 关于您将要做什么或可能如何反应，
BUT WHEN IT COMES TO AN EMOTIONAL UNDERSTANDING 但是，当它成为一种情感理解时
OF WHAT IT'S LIKE TO BE YOU, HE DOESN'T GET THAT. 关于您的身份，他没有得到。
TO HIM YOU'RE JUST AN OBSTACLE 暗示你只是一个障碍
TO BE WORKED AROUND OR MANIPULATED 可以周遭或被操纵
RATHER THAN A FELLOW HUMAN BEING. 比人类同在还多。
SO WHAT ACCOUNTS FOR GENOCIDE? 那么种族灭绝的原因呢？
IS IT DRIVEN BY ARMIES OF PSYCHOPATHS? 它是由许多精神病患者驱动的吗？
WELL, THAT CAN'T BE IT 好吧，那不可能
BECAUSE PSYCHOPATHS ONLY MAKE UP 因为只有心理障碍才能弥补
A SMALL FRACTION OF THE POPULATION, 人口的小部分，
BUT GENOCIDE TYPICALLY ENGAGES A WIDER COMMUNITY. 但是，种族灭绝通常会吸引更多的社区。
SO HERE'S THE QUESTION: 因此，这里的问题是：
HOW DO YOU GET ORDINARY CITIZENS ON BOARD? 您如何在船上获得普通公民？
AT THE UNIVERSITY OF LEIDEN IN HOLLAND, 在荷兰莱顿大学，
DR. LASANA HARRIS HAS BEEN CONDUCTING AN EXPERIMENT 博士
TO UNDERSTAND A PIECE OF THIS PUZZLE. 了解这一难题。
[INDISTINCT CONVERSATION] [即时对话]
HARRIS: SO NOW WE'RE GOING TO START THE EXPERIMENT. 哈里斯：所以现在我们要开始实验。
WHAT YOU'RE GOING TO SEE IS 您要看的是
A BUNCH OF PICTURES OF DIFFERENT PEOPLE. 一堆不同的人的照片。
YOUR JOB IS JUST TO REACT NATURALLY TO THOSE PICTURES. 您的工作只是对这些图片做出自然反应。
EAGLEMAN, VOICE-OVER: LASANA IS LOOKING AT ACTIVITY EAGLEMAN，旁白：LASANA正在寻找活动
IN THE BRAIN AREAS INVOLVED IN HUMAN SOCIAL INTERACTION, 在涉及人类社会互动的大脑领域，
IN PARTICULAR, THE MEDIAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX. 特别是内侧前皮质。
THIS COMES ON LINE WHEN WE THINK ABOUT OTHER PEOPLE. 当我们对其他人进行思考时，就会出现这种情况。
IT'S LESS ACTIVE 很少活动
WHEN DEALING WITH SOMETHING INANIMATE, LIKE A CUP. 处理某些东西时，就像一个杯子。
WHAT LASANA FOUND IS THAT THIS REGION HAS LASANA发现的是这个地区
A SIMILARLY LOW RESPONSE 类似的低响应
WHEN WE DEAL WITH CERTAIN TYPES OF OTHER PEOPLE. 当我们与其他人的某些类型进行交易时。
HARRIS: WHAT HE SEES NOW ARE STEREOTYPICAL IMAGES 哈里斯：他现在所见的是定型图像
OF PEOPLE FROM DIFFERENT SOCIAL GROUPS. 不同社会群体的人。
WHAT WE SEE HERE IS AT THIS NETWORK OF BRAIN REGIONS, 我们在此看到的大脑区域网络
INCLUDING MEDIAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX, 包括内侧前皮质，
IS LESS ACTIVE WHEN OUR PARTICIPANT 当我们的参与者不活跃
LOOKS AT THE HOMELESS PEOPLE. 看着无家可归的人。
SO WHAT THIS PATTERN OF ACTIVITY SUGGESTS 那么这种活动模式是什么
IS A TYPE OF MENTAL AVOIDANCE. 是一种心理回避。
THEY ARE NOT THINKING ABOUT THE MIND OF THE HOMELESS PERSON 他们对无家可归者的思想没有想法
IN THE SAME WAY THEY THOUGHT 他们以同样的方式思考
ABOUT THE MIND OF THE COLLEGE STUDENTS 关于大学生的思想
THAT THEY SAW OR THE BUSINESSPEOPLE. 他们锯或商人。
HARRIS: SO IF FOR INSTANCE YOU IMAGINE 哈里斯：所以如果想实例化，请想象
THAT INTERACTING WITH A HOMELESS PERSON 与无家可归者互动
WILL BE UNPLEASANT, IT WILL MAKE YOU WILL FEEL BAD. 将会令人不快，这会让您感到不适。
YOU MAY FEEL SOME DEMAND TO DONATE SOME OF YOUR MONEY 您可能会觉得有些需要捐款
AND ALL OF THESE UNPLEASANT PRESSURES 和所有这些令人不快的压力
THAT COME ALONG WITH IT. 随之而来的。
BY SHUTTING OFF THOSE SYSTEMS, 通过关闭这些系统，
YOU NEVER EXPERIENCE THOSE FEELINGS. 您从未体验过这种感觉。
EAGLEMAN, VOICE-OVER: TO A BRAIN THAT RESPONDS THIS WAY, EAGLEMAN，VOICE-OVER：应对这种方式的大脑，
HOMELESS PEOPLE ARE DEHUMANIZED. 无家可归的人被绝杀。
THEY'RE VIEWED MORE LIKE OBJECTS. 他们被视为更多类似的对象。
AND THAT CAN ENABLE US TO NOT CARE. 并且可以使我们无需理会。
HARRIS: OF COURSE IF YOU DON'T PROPERLY DIAGNOSE 哈里斯：当然，如果您不正确地进行诊断
THIS PERSON AS A HUMAN BEING, WHICH IS HAPPENING HERE, 这个人是人类，正在这里发生，
THEN THE DIFFERENT MORAL RULES WE HAVE 然后我们有不同的道德准则
THAT ARE RESERVED FOR HUMAN PEOPLE MAY NOT APPLY. 保留给人类的内容可能不适用。
EAGLEMAN, VOICE-OVER: SO UNDER THE RIGHT CIRCUMSTANCES, 埃格曼，旁白：在正确的情况下，
OUR BRAIN ACTIVITY CAN LOOK MORE LIKE A PSYCHOPATH'S. 我们的大脑活动可以像精神病患者一样寻找更多。
BUT TO UNDERSTAND HOW WE CAN GET TO GENOCIDE, 但要了解我们如何可以种族灭绝，
WE NEED TO UNDERSTAND ONE MORE THING ABOUT GROUP BEHAVIOR. 我们需要了解有关群体行为的更多信息。
GENOCIDE IS ONLY POSSIBLE 仅种族灭绝
WHEN DEHUMANIZATION HAPPENS ON A MASSIVE SCALE. 当超大规模化发生时。
NOT JUST A FEW INDIVIDUALS, 不仅仅是几个人，
BUT WHOLE SECTIONS OF THE POPULATION. 但是人口的整个部分。
WE'RE TALKING ABOUT A GROUP OF PEOPLE COMMITTING ATROCITIES. 我们正在与一群人一起犯下暴行。
[MAN SPEAKING INDISTINCTLY] [男子直言不讳]
EAGLEMAN, VOICE-OVER: AND IF ALL THE MEMBERS EAGLEMAN，配音：以及如果所有成员
OF THAT PERPETRATING GROUP ARE COMPLICIT, 那个犯罪集团是复杂的
IT'S AS IF THEY'VE ALL SOMEHOW EXPERIENCED 就好像他们都有一定的经验
THE SAME REDUCTION IN BRAIN ACTIVITY 大脑活动的相同减少
WHEN THEY THINK ABOUT THEIR "OUT" GROUP. 当他们考虑他们的“出”组时。
THIS CAN BE UNDERSTOOD AND STUDIED 这可以理解和研究
LIKE A DISEASE OUTBREAK, 就像疾病爆发一样，
A KIND OF GROUP CONTAGION-- 一类团体传染病
ONE THAT'S MOST OFTEN SPREAD DELIBERATELY. 最经常有人传播的一种。
THE PERFECT TOOL FOR THIS JOB IS PROPAGANDA. 此职位的最佳工具是宣传。
IT PLUGS RIGHT INTO NEURAL NETWORKS, 它正确地插入了神经网络，
AND IT DIALS DOWN THE DEGREE 和它降低了学位
TO WHICH WE CARE ABOUT OTHER PEOPLE. 我们关心其他人的问题。
JUST LIKE ALL SITES OF GENOCIDE, 就像种族灭绝的所有地点一样，
THAT'S WHAT HAPPENED IN THE FORMER YUGOSLAVIA. 这就是前南斯拉夫发生的事情。
THE PEOPLE WHO WENT ON TO TORTURE AND KILL 遭受酷刑和杀害的人
THEIR NEIGHBORS WERE BOMBARDED WITH PROPAGANDA. 他们的邻居被宣传了。
STATE-CONTROLLED BROADCASTERS DEMONIZED 示范了国家控制的广播电视
THE BOSNIAN MUSLIMS WITH DISTORTED NEWS STORIES. 波黑的新闻故事失真。
MAN: I READ YOU FROM THE BEGINNING 男人：我从一开始就读给你
THAT SOMEBODY IS, UH, HELPING MUSLIMS, UH, AND ARMING THEM. 那是某人，嗯，正在帮助穆斯林，嗯，并武装他们。
EAGLEMAN, VOICE-OVER: THEY WENT SO FAR AS TO CLAIM 伊格曼（EAGLEMAN），旁白：他们如此称赞
THAT THE MUSLIMS WERE FEEDING SERBIAN CHILDREN 穆斯林正在喂养塞尔维亚儿童
TO THE LIONS AT THE ZOO. 动物园里的狮子。
ACROSS PLACE AND TIME, 在不同的时间和地点，
THE LANGUAGE OF PROPAGANDA CHANGES VERY LITTLE. 宣传语言变化很小。
IT ALWAYS PLAYS THE FAMILIAR TUNE OF DEHUMANIZATION: 总是会播放变态的熟悉调：
MAKE YOUR ENEMY LESS THAN HUMAN, MAKE THEM LIKE AN ANIMAL. 让您的敌人比人类少，让他们像动物一样。
PROPAGANDA IS A WEAPON. 宣传是武器。
AND OVER THE COURSE OF HUMAN HISTORY, IT'S BECOME AN ART 在人类历史的过程中，它已成为一门艺术
AND A SCIENCE. 和科学。
AND IT'S BECOME 和它成为
EVER MORE DANGEROUS. 更加危险。
EAGLEMAN, VOICE-OVER: IN OUR CONNECTED AGE, EAGLEMAN，配音：在我们的互联时代，
ANY EXTREMIST GROUP 任何极端集团
CAN REACH MILLIONS OF PEOPLE WITH A KEYSTROKE. 击键可以吸引数以百万计的人。
THE INTERNET IS THE PERFECT CARRIER FOR PROPAGANDA MESSAGES 互联网是宣传消息的完美载体
TO REACH THE PEOPLE MOST LIKELY TO ACT UPON THEM-- 让人们最有可能采取行动–
YOUNG MEN. 年轻人。
[ANNOUNCER SPEAKING FOREIGN LANGUAGE] [播音员说外语]
EAGLEMAN, VOICE-OVER: THE POLITICAL AGENDAS AROUND US 伊格曼（EAGLEMAN），旁白：我们周围的政治议程
ACTUALLY MANIPULATE THE BRAIN ACTIVITY INSIDE OF US. 实际操纵美国内部的大脑活动。
SO IS THERE ANY WAY TO STOP WHAT'S HAPPENED IN THE PAST 所以有什么办法可以阻止过去发生的事情
FROM CONTINUING INTO THE FUTURE? 从继续走向未来？
ONE POSSIBLE SOLUTION LIES IN A 1960s EXPERIMENT 一个可能的解决方案在于1960年代的实验
THAT WAS CONDUCTED NOT IN A SCIENCE LAB BUT A SCHOOL. 这不是在科学实验室中进行的，而是一所学校。
[INDISTINCT SHOUTING] [直呼]
EAGLEMAN, VOICE-OVER: IT WAS 1968, 伊格曼（EAGLEMAN），旁白：1968年，
THE DAY AFTER THE ASSASSINATION OF MARTIN LUTHER KING. 马丁·路德·金被暗杀的第二天。
JANE ELLIOTT: IS THERE ANYONE IN THIS UNITED STATES 简·埃利奥特（JANE ELLIOTT）：这个人在美国吗
THAT WE DO NOT TREAT AS OUR BROTHERS? 我们不像我们的兄弟那样对待吗？
YEAH. ELLIOTT: WHO? 是的
THE BLACK PEOPLE. 黑人们。
THE BLACK PEOPLE. WHO ELSE? 黑人们。
EAGLEMAN, VOICE-OVER: JANE ELLIOTT WAS A TEACHER EAGLEMAN，配音：JANE ELLIOTT是一位老师
IN A SMALL TOWN IN IOWA. 在爱荷华州的一个小城镇。
AND SHE WANTED TO SHOW HER CLASS 并且她想上课
WHAT PREJUDICE REALLY FELT LIKE. 真正的偏见是什么。
HOW ARE BLACK PEOPLE TREATED? 黑人如何治疗？
STUDENT: THEY DON'T GET ANYTHING IN THIS WORLD. 学生：他们在这个世界上什么都没有。
ELLIOTT: WHY IS THAT? 艾略特：为什么？
BECAUSE THEY'RE A DIFFERENT COLOR. 因为它们是不同的颜色。
EAGLEMAN, VOICE-OVER: THESE TWO MEN WERE IN THAT CLASS. 埃格勒曼，配音：这两个男人是同一类。
THIS WAS REX BACK THEN... 这是雷克斯回来然后...
AND THIS WAS RAY. 这是射线。
ELLIOTT: HOW MANY IN HERE HAVE BLUE EYES? 艾略特：那里有多少蓝眼睛？
OK. HOW MANY IN HERE HAVE BROWN EYES? 好。
RAY, VOICE-OVER: JANE SAYS WE'RE GOING TO HAVE RAY，旁白：简说我们要做
THIS EXERCISE. 这项运动。
AND SHE RIGHT AWAY LAUNCHES INTO THE PROPAGANDA 和她马上开始宣传
OF BLUE EYES ARE BETTER THAN BROWN EYES. 蓝眼睛比棕色眼睛要好。
BLUE-EYED PEOPLE ARE BETTER THAN BROWN-EYED PEOPLE. 蓝眼睛的人比棕眼睛的人好。
EAGLEMAN, VOICE-OVER: RAY AND REX BOTH HAVE BLUE EYES. EAGLEMAN，配音：雷和雷克斯都拥有蓝眼睛。
ELLIOTT: YOU BROWN-EYED PEOPLE ARE NOT TO PLAY 埃利奥特：您不敢玩的人
WITH THE BLUE-EYED PEOPLE ON THE PLAYGROUND 操场上有蓝眼睛的人
BECAUSE YOU ARE NOT AS GOOD AS BLUE-EYED PEOPLE. 因为您不如蓝眼睛的人那么好。
EAGLEMAN, VOICE-OVER: THE BROWN-EYEDS WERE DENIED EAGLEMAN，配音：棕色眼睛被拒绝
PRIVILEGES GIVEN TO THE BLUE-EYEDS, 给予蓝眼睛的特权，
AND THEY HAD TO WEAR SPECIAL COLLARS. 并且他们必须穿特殊的领子。
ELLIOTT: YOU'LL BEGIN TO NOTICE TODAY ELLIOTT：您今天就开始注意
THAT WE SPEND A GREAT DEAL OF TIME 我们花费了大量时间
WAITING FOR BROWN-EYED PEOPLE. 等待棕褐色的人。
EAGLEMAN: DO YOU REMEMBER, UH... EAGLEMAN：您记得吗，呃...
WHAT YOUR OWN BEHAVIOR WAS LIKE WHEN YOU WERE ON TOP? 当您处于最佳状态时，您的行为像什么？
I WAS TREMENDOUSLY EVIL TO MY FRIENDS. 我对我的朋友大为恶毒。
HOW SO? 为何如此？
I WAS GOING OUT OF MY WAY 我走了自己的路
TO PICK ON MY BROWN-EYED FRIENDS 挑选我的棕眼朋友
FOR THE SAKE OF MY OWN PROMOTION. 为了自己的晋升。
WHAT DID YOU DO? 你做了什么？
RAY: I RECALL TELLING MRS. ELLIOTT, JANE, 雷：我打电话给太太。
THAT SHE SHOULD KEEP THE YARDSTICK AT HAND 她应该保持手腕上的码尺
IN CASE THOSE BROWN-EYEDS GOT OUT OF CONTROL. 在某些情况下，如果棕褐色的眼睛无法控制。
ELLIOTT: I DON'T SEE THE YARDSTICK. 艾略特：我看不到码尺。
DO YOU? 你做？
IT'S DOWN OVER THERE. 到处都是。
HEY, MISS ELLIOTT, YOU BETTER KEEP THAT 嗨，埃利奥特小姐，您最好继续保持
ON YOUR DESK. 在你桌上。
DON'T LET THE BROWN-EYED PEOPLE GET OUT OF HAND. 不要让棕褐色的人束手无策。
RAY: AT THAT TIME, MY HAIR WAS QUITE BLOND 蕾：那时我的头发很白
AND MY EYES WERE QUITE BLUE. 和我的眼睛很蓝。
AND I WAS THE PERFECT LITTLE NAZI. 而且我是完美的纳粹
I LOOKED FOR WAYS TO BE MEAN TO MY FRIENDS, 我寻找与朋友相处的方式，
WHO MINUTES OR HOURS EARLIER 谁早点或几小时
HAD BEEN VERY CLOSE TO ME. 离我很近。
EAGLEMAN, VOICE-OVER: BUT THE NEXT DAY, EAGLEMAN，配音：但是第二天，
THERE WAS A REVERSAL OF FORTUNE. 有一个逆转的财富。
ELLIOTT: YESTERDAY I TOLD YOU THAT BROWN-EYED PEOPLE 艾略特：昨天我告诉过你那棕眼睛的人
AREN'T AS GOOD AS BLUE-EYED PEOPLE. 不像蓝眼睛的人那样好。
THAT WASN'T TRUE. 那不是真的。
I LIED TO YOU YESTERDAY. 昨天我骗了你。
STUDENT: OH, BOY... 学生：哦，男孩...
ELLIOTT: THE TRUTH IS THAT BROWN-EYED PEOPLE 艾略特：真相是棕眼睛的人
ARE BETTER THAN BLUE-EYED PEOPLE. 比蓝眼睛的人好。
REX, VOICE-OVER: A PERSON YOU TRUST STANDS BEFORE YOU REX，配音：您信任的人在您面前
AND SAYS, "I WAS WRONG. 并说：“我错了。
NOW HERE'S THE TRUTH," 现在是真相，”
TAKES YOUR WORLD AND SHATTERS IT 引领您的世界，让世界更美好
LIKE YOU'VE NEVER HAD YOUR WORLD SHATTERED BEFORE. 就像您从未有过的世界之前一样。
ELLIOTT: YOU BLUE-EYED PEOPLE 艾略特：你是蓝眼睛的人
ARE NOT TO PLAY WITH THE BROWN-EYED PEOPLE. 不可与棕褐色的人玩耍。
BLUE-EYED PEOPLE GO TO THE BACK. 蓝眼睛的人回到了后面。
THE BROWN-EYED PEOPLE COME TO THE FRONT. 棕褐色的人来到了前面。
[INDISTINCT CONVERSATIONS] [对话]
EAGLEMAN: TELL ME A LITTLE MORE EAGLEMAN：告诉我一点更多
ABOUT WHAT IT WAS LIKE WHEN YOU WERE IN THE DOWN GROUP. 关于当您进入DOWN组时的感觉。
YOU HAVE SUCH A SENSE OF LOSS-- 您有某种损失-
OF PERSONALITY AND SELF-- 人格和自我-
THAT IT MAKES IT ALMOST IMPOSSIBLE TO FUNCTION 它使功能几乎不可能实现
WITH WHAT'S GOING ON IN THE ROOM. 房间里正在发生什么。
SHOULD THE COLOR OF SOME OTHER PERSON'S EYES 应该是其他人眼睛的颜色
HAVE ANYTHING TO DO WITH HOW YOU TREAT THEM? 与您如何对待它们有什么关系？
NO, NO. 不，不。
ELLIOTT: ALL RIGHT. 艾略特：好的。
THEN SHOULD THE COLOR OF THEIR SKIN? 那应该是他们肤色的颜色吗？
STUDENTS: NO. 学生：不可以。
SHOULD YOU JUDGE PEOPLE... 您应该判断人...
NO... 没有...
BY THE COLOR... NO... 由颜色...不...
OF THEIR SKIN? 他们的皮肤？
NO. 没有。
EAGLEMAN, VOICE-OVER: IF I WERE JUST GONNA RIFF-- EAGLEMAN，旁白：如果我只是GONNA RIFF，
GUESS AT IT--IT'S THAT, UH, 猜猜吧-嗯，
ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT THINGS WE LEARN 我们学到的最重要的事情之一
AS HUMANS IS PERSPECTIVE TAKING. 就像人类有远见。
AND KIDS DON'T OFTEN GET 和孩子不会经常得到
A REALLY MEANINGFUL EXERCISE IN THAT. 真正有意义的运动。
AND WHEN YOU'RE FORCED INTO UNDERSTANDING 当您被迫了解
WHAT IT'S LIKE TO STAND IN SOMEONE ELSE'S SHOES, 喜欢穿其他人的鞋子，
THAT OPENS UP A LOT OF COGNITIVE PATHWAYS FOR YOU. 这为您打开了许多认知途径。
I REMEMBER SAYING SOMETHING TO MY DAD 我谨对我父亲说些什么
ABOUT A COMMENT HE MADE, SAYING, 关于他的评论，说，
"NO, THAT'S NOT APPROPRIATE." “不，那不合适。”
AND IT DID CHANGE WITHIN THE FAMILY. 并且在家庭内部发生了变化。
BUT YOU TALK ABOUT A LITTLE KID 让您谈谈小孩子
MAKING THAT STATEMENT, IT'S HUGE. 发表声明，这是巨大的。
BUT IT REAFFIRMED THAT YOU COULD DO THAT-- 但您必须执行以下操作-
YOU COULD BEGIN TO CHANGE. 您可能会开始更改。
THE BRILLIANCE 辉煌
OF THE BLUE EYES/BROWN EYES EXPERIMENT IS 蓝眼睛/棕色眼睛实验的
THAT THE TEACHER, JANE ELLIOTT, SWITCHED WHICH GROUP WAS ON TOP. 老师简·埃利奥特（JANE ELLIOTT）切换了哪个组，排名第一。
AND THAT ALLOWED THE STUDENTS TO EXTRACT THE LARGER LESSON, 并允许学生提取更大的经验，
WHICH IS THAT SYSTEMS OF RULES CAN BE ARBITRARY. 这就是规则系统可以是任意的。
THEY LEARNED THAT THE TRUTHS OF THE WORLD ARE NOT FIXED, 他们了解到世界的真相是不固定的，
AND THEY'RE NOT EVEN NECESSARILY TRUTHS. 而且它们甚至不是真相。
AND THIS IS WHAT EMPOWERED THE CHILDREN 这就是儿童的权利
AS THEY GREW TO SEE THROUGH THE SMOKE AND MIRRORS 就像他们通过烟和镜子看到的一样
OF OTHER PEOPLE'S POLITICAL AGENDAS 其他人民政治议程
AND TO FORM THEIR OWN OPINIONS-- 并形成自己的意见
SURELY A SKILL THAT WE SHOULD BE TEACHING TO ALL OF OUR CHILDREN. 当然，我们应该对我们所有的孩子进行授课。
ELLIOTT: SHOULD THE COLOR OF SOME OTHER PERSON'S EYES 艾略特：应该是其他人的眼睛的颜色
HAVE ANYTHING TO DO WITH HOW YOU TREAT THEM? 与您如何对待它们有什么关系？
STUDENTS: NO. 学生：不可以。
[GUNFIRE] [炮火]
EAGLEMAN, VOICE-OVER: WHEN PEOPLE ARE ARMED EAGLEMAN，配音：武装人员时
WITH AN UNDERSTANDING OF HOW PROPAGANDA WORKS, 通过了解宣传方式，
THE POWER OF PROPAGANDA IS REDUCED. 宣传的力量降低了。
AS WE COME TO UNDERSTAND 当我们了解
THE DEEP IMPORTANCE OF COOPERATION, 深度合作的重要性
WE STAND A CHANCE NOT ONLY OF REDUCING DEHUMANIZATION, 我们不但有机会减少降级，
BUT ACHIEVING OUR POTENTIAL AS A SPECIES. 但可以实现我们的潜力。
[INDISTINCT SINGING] [现场演唱]
EAGLEMAN: GENOCIDE DOESN'T HAVE TO BE THE NORM. EAGLEMAN：种族灭绝不一定是NORM。
INSTEAD OUR FUNDAMENTALLY SOCIAL NATURE CAN HOLD 可以保留我们的基本社会性质
THE KEY TO OUR SUCCESS AS A SPECIES. 我们成功的秘诀。
OUR FUTURE, OUR SURVIVAL IS 我们的未来，我们的生存是
INTIMATELY, PERMANENTLY BOUND UP 永久地绑定
WITH THAT OF THE PEOPLE AROUND US. 与我们周围的人在一起。
[GUNFIRE] [炮火]
EAGLEMAN: OUR SOCIAL DRIVE IS AT THE ROOT EAGLEMAN：我们的社会动力源于根本
OF EXTRAORDINARY ACTS OF BRAVERY AND GENEROSITY. 粗大和粗暴的行为
EAGLEMAN: WHO YOU ARE HAS EVERYTHING TO DO 鹰侠：您无所不能
WITH WHO WE ARE. 与我们在一起。
OUR BRAINS ARE SO FUNDAMENTALLY WIRED TO INTERACT 我们的大脑非常互动
THAT IT'S NOT ALWAYS CLEAR 并非总是如此
WHERE EACH OF US BEGINS AND ENDS. 我们每个人的起点和终点。
[CROWD CHEERING] [群众欢呼声]
OUR SPECIES IS MORE THAN JUST 7 BILLION INDIVIDUALS 我们的种类超过70亿个人
SPREAD OUT ACROSS THE PLANET. 遍布整个行星。
WE'RE SOMETHING MORE LIKE A SINGLE VAST SUPER-ORGANISM. 我们更像是一个单一的超级有机体。
BECAUSE WHAT YOUR FRIENDS KNOW AND LOVE AS YOU IS 因为您的朋友知道并喜欢您
REALLY A NEURAL NETWORK EMBEDDED 真正嵌入的神经网络
IN A FAR LARGER WEB OF OTHER NEURAL NETWORKS. 在其他神经网络的更大网络中。
IN THIS AGE OF DIGITAL CONNECTION, 在这个数字连接时代，
WE DESPERATELY NEED TO UNDERSTAND 我们非常需要了解
THE LINKS BETWEEN HUMANS. 人类之间的联系。
IF WE WANT OUR CIVILIZATIONS TO HAVE A BRIGHT FUTURE, 如果我们希望我们的文明具有光明的未来，
WE'LL NEED TO UNDERSTAND HOW HUMAN BRAINS INTERACT-- 我们需要了解人脑如何互动-
THE DANGERS AND THE OPPORTUNITIES. 危险与机遇。
BECAUSE THERE'S NO AVOIDING THE TRUTH 因为没有真相
THAT'S ETCHED INTO OUR NEURAL CIRCUITRY: WE NEED EACH OTHER. 我们的神经系统已经注意到：我们需要彼此。
[CROWD CHEERING] [群众欢呼声]
DR. EAGLEMAN: Next time on "The Brain," 博士
I'm going to look at the future, 我要看未来
how we can use our brains 我们如何使用我们的大脑
to control new kinds of bodies... 控制新的身体...
how our sensory experience can be expanded to new horizons. 如何将我们的感官体验扩展到新的视野。
I'll look at how we might one day separate our minds 我将看看有一天我们如何分开思想
from our physical bodies... 从我们的身体...
...even possibly overcome death. 甚至可能战胜死亡
"THE BRAIN WITH DAVID EAGLEMAN" “与大卫·艾格曼的大脑”
IS AVAILABLE ON DVD. 在DVD上可用。
THE COMPANION BOOK IS 同伴书是
ALSO AVAILABLE. 也提供。
TO ORDER, VISIT SHOPPBS.ORG 要订购，请访问SHOPPBS.ORG
OR CALL 1-800-PLAY-PBS. 或致电1-800-PLAY-PBS。