1 00:00:02,054 --> 00:00:12,028 【 加 纳 帕 戈 斯 群 岛 】 2 00:00:17,035 --> 00:00:19,048 在遥远的东太平洋海面上 Far out in the eastern Pacific is a scattering of islands ruled 3 00:00:19,065 --> 00:00:23,065 分布着零星的岛屿，它们被狂暴的自然力量所主宰 4 00:00:22,062 --> 00:00:24,096 by the brutal forces of nature 5 00:00:30,016 --> 00:00:32,063 一块烈火肆虐的土地 a land ravaged by fire 6 00:00:40,010 --> 00:00:44,011 任由海洋生杀予夺 At the mercy of an ocean that can nourish but also cripple 7 00:00:50,025 --> 00:00:51,098 一个充满对抗和厮杀的世界 a world in turmoil 8 00:01:02,036 --> 00:01:09,000 这个故事将要讲述加纳帕戈斯的生命群体 This is the story of how life in Galapagos is shaped by the relentless forces of change 9 00:01:12,054 --> 00:01:15,061 是怎样在过去、现在和未来的力量下不断发生变化 Past, present and future 10 00:01:18,001 --> 00:01:22,040 『 力 量 的 变 革 』 11 00:01:31,009 --> 00:01:34,089 加纳帕戈斯位于距离南美洲600英里的海面上 Galapagos lie 600 miles off the coast of south America 12 00:01:35,049 --> 00:01:37,059 正处在赤道地带 right on the equator 13 00:01:37,059 --> 00:01:42,003 他是世界上火山最活跃的群岛之一 It's one of the most volcanically active groups of islands in the world 14 00:01:47,087 --> 00:01:49,057 在其西面的边缘地带 And on its western edge towers the most imposing, most hostile of them all 15 00:01:49,057 --> 00:01:53,058 有一座巨型火山 16 00:01:56,068 --> 00:01:59,075 称为“费尔南迪纳” a colossus called Fernandina 17 00:02:13,056 --> 00:02:19,017 在过去的两百年里，这座火山至少喷发过24次 In the last 200 years 18 00:02:15,095 --> 00:02:20,045 this volcano has erupted at least 24 times 19 00:02:33,005 --> 00:02:36,002 火山口高达海拔1英里 Its caldera towers a mile above sea level 20 00:02:36,082 --> 00:02:40,096 但是，有一种动物必须爬到顶部 but there's one animal 21 00:02:38,085 --> 00:02:41,085 that has no option but to scale its summit 22 00:02:47,050 --> 00:02:49,013 陆鬣蜥 the land iguana 23 00:02:52,040 --> 00:02:55,094 怀孕的雌鬣蜥需要找 Every pregnant female needs to find a patch of volcanic ash in which to lay her eggs 24 00:02:55,094 --> 00:02:58,001 有火山灰的地方产卵 25 00:02:58,088 --> 00:03:01,071 但合适的产卵地很少，即使有也在很远 But suitable sites are few and far between 26 00:03:03,031 --> 00:03:08,069 最合适的产卵地是被火山烟孔熏热的地方，就在这座巨岛的边缘 and the best, warmed by fumaroles 27 00:03:06,055 --> 00:03:10,085 lie right on the rim of this giant 28 00:03:14,092 --> 00:03:18,056 爬上去的过程是一个非常严酷的考验 有时可能需要花费数星期的时间 Climbing there is a punishing ordeal 29 00:03:17,015 --> 00:03:20,036 which can take weeks 30 00:03:41,092 --> 00:03:45,002 这只雌鬣蜥来的不是时候 This female has not timed her journey well 31 00:03:59,090 --> 00:04:02,044 所有的好地方都已经有了主人 All the good sites have been taken, 32 00:04:02,044 --> 00:04:06,068 它除了去争去抢别无他法 so she has no choice but to challenge those in residence 33 00:04:27,026 --> 00:04:29,057 凶狠的架势有时能吓倒对手而取得胜利 Aggressive body language can sometimes force a victory 34 00:04:31,057 --> 00:04:35,044 但是，这个主人不愿意轻易放弃自己的地盘 but the rightful owner won't relinquish her ground easily 35 00:04:35,044 --> 00:04:37,041 一巢二主已是不可能 so it's all or nothing 36 00:04:57,099 --> 00:04:59,080 一场雌性动物之间的残酷搏斗 A ruthless catfight 37 00:05:28,012 --> 00:05:30,063 这只怀孕的雌鬣蜥被赶了出去 The pregnant female is sent packing 38 00:05:40,017 --> 00:05:43,047 它的地盘被竞争者夺取 evicted from the prime nesting grounds by her rival 39 00:05:45,007 --> 00:05:47,061 现在只能去寻找别的产卵地 She's now forced to look elsewhere 40 00:05:49,035 --> 00:05:52,038 但费尔南迪纳剩下的唯一合适产卵地 But the only other suitable sites on Fernandina lie deep within this giant caldera 41 00:05:52,038 --> 00:05:57,015 在火山口底部半英里深的地方 42 00:05:56,065 --> 00:05:58,055 half a mile down 43 00:06:05,080 --> 00:06:08,050 而它不得不胆战心惊地往下爬 She must make a terrifying decent 44 00:06:31,019 --> 00:06:33,059 最小的失误也可致命 The smallest slip could be fatal 45 00:07:10,049 --> 00:07:13,066 无数条摔下来的雌鬣蜥都葬身于此 Countless iguanas have been buried by landslides 46 00:07:24,094 --> 00:07:27,058 这只雌鬣蜥算是幸运脱险了 But this female has a lucky escape 47 00:07:46,046 --> 00:07:50,090 对于任何动物，要在加纳帕戈斯找到立足点都是困难的 For any animal, finding a foothold on Galapagos is tough work 48 00:07:53,010 --> 00:07:56,027 这座巨岛是火山热点的产物 This cluster of islands are the product of a volcanic hotspot 49 00:07:57,027 --> 00:08:02,045 从数百、甚至数千英里的下面 50 00:07:59,065 --> 00:08:04,085 where scorching rock rises from hundreds, possibly thousands of miles beneath to punch at the earth's crust 51 00:08:02,045 --> 00:08:04,068 冲破地壳才到达地表 52 00:08:24,023 --> 00:08:27,084 加纳帕戈斯如今共有6座非常活跃的火山 There're 6 highly active volcanos in Galapagos today 53 00:08:28,050 --> 00:08:32,094 每隔数年爆发一次，有时，一次爆发会持续数月 One erupts every few years 54 00:08:32,025 --> 00:08:33,097 Sometimes for months at a time 55 00:08:42,018 --> 00:08:45,079 火山作用是最能促使加纳帕戈斯发生巨变的力量 Volcanism is the fundamental force in Galapagos 56 00:08:48,076 --> 00:08:52,050 能在几万年内就创造出数座岛屿 It can build an island in just tens of thousands of years 57 00:08:55,003 --> 00:08:58,013 也能在顷刻间把一切生命吞噬掉 58 00:08:56,065 --> 00:08:58,095 And it can wipe out life in an instant 59 00:09:06,014 --> 00:09:11,045 像这样的灾难发生后，动物和植物只能重新寻找合适的土地 After such catastrophic events, 60 00:09:09,053 --> 00:09:12,095 animals and plants are forced to find new ground 61 00:09:13,095 --> 00:09:17,072 这块新形成的熔岩地表面状如筋腱，犹如火星毫无生机 The fresh sinewy lava fields seem as lifeless as Mars 62 00:09:23,096 --> 00:09:26,080 但熔岩仙人掌是生命的先锋 But the lava cactus is a tough pioneer 63 00:09:29,033 --> 00:09:33,050 它是第一批侵入这块炙热领地的植物 It's one of the first plants to invade this baking hot terrain 64 00:09:33,050 --> 00:09:36,024 其肉质茎能很好地储存水分 65 00:09:35,005 --> 00:09:37,055 storing moisture in its succulent stems 66 00:09:43,061 --> 00:09:48,065 熔岩和海水交汇的地方总有扎根在岩石上的红树林身影 And where the lava reaches the coastline, mangroves anchor themselves to the rocks 67 00:09:52,019 --> 00:09:56,023 有四种红树属植物在这片加纳帕戈斯海岸扎了根 Four species have managed to colonize the brittle shores of Galapagos 68 00:09:56,023 --> 00:10:00,006 红树林的种子耐咸，是被海浪冲到这里来的 Their salt-tolerant seeds brought here on the ocean currents 69 00:10:05,094 --> 00:10:11,034 它们能扎在海湾又能扎在陆地，根部堆积了密密麻麻的淤泥 Settling in bays and inlets 70 00:10:08,053 --> 00:10:10,025 the roots accumulate all sorts of silty debris 71 00:10:11,034 --> 00:10:14,058 是海岸线上的生命栖息地 helping to offer life a purchase on the shoreline 72 00:10:24,035 --> 00:10:27,086 红树林能为鱼类提供重要的食物来源 Mangrove forests are crucial nursery grounds for fish 73 00:10:27,086 --> 00:10:31,079 随海浪飘来的浮游生物为它提供营养 fed by plankton and nutrients flowing in and out with the tides 74 00:10:49,004 --> 00:10:54,015 密密麻麻的植被可遮挡赤道烈日的照射 The tangle of vegetation also provides welcome shade from the equatorial sun 75 00:11:06,043 --> 00:11:11,093 然而在这种环境即使红树也生长艰难 But even mangroves struggle to settle on the newest and most exposed lava shorelines 76 00:11:14,080 --> 00:11:17,027 不过，有一种动物 There is, however, one animal 77 00:11:17,027 --> 00:11:21,021 它已学会了怎样利用这里恶劣的环境 that has learnt how to benefit from this harsh, volcanic terrain 78 00:11:27,058 --> 00:11:29,055 加纳帕戈斯海狗 The Galapagos fur seal 79 00:11:32,056 --> 00:11:36,079 它们的祖先很久以前就从南极洲迁徙到这里 Its ancestors arrived here long ago from the sub Antarctic 80 00:11:45,010 --> 00:11:49,067 为了躲避正午时的炎热，海狗经常躲到一个幽凉的地方 To escape the midday heat, they've discovered cold hideouts 81 00:12:03,099 --> 00:12:08,092 熔岩石洞，由密密麻麻的管状碎熔岩构筑而成 Lava grottoes formed by networks of broken lava tubes 82 00:12:10,059 --> 00:12:15,033 迷宫般的洞穴和隧道为海狗提供绝妙的保护 The labyrinth of caves and tunnels provide perfect shelter for fur seals 83 00:12:15,033 --> 00:12:18,010 它们是同类中最小 the smallest of their kind in the world 84 00:12:18,060 --> 00:12:23,057 体积是他们的亲戚海豹的三分之一，海豹也会到熔岩石洞来 They're a third the size of their sea lion cousins 85 00:12:21,035 --> 00:12:24,035 which also visit these grottoes 86 00:12:31,058 --> 00:12:34,042 海狗长有后毛皮 Fur seals have naturally thick pelts 87 00:12:34,042 --> 00:12:39,012 毛皮由很好的隔热作用，毛皮中的空气也起了部分作用 which provide good insulation 88 00:12:36,085 --> 00:12:40,035 helped by air trapped among the fur 89 00:12:56,081 --> 00:13:00,051 它们眼睛特别发达，能在暗处觅食 Big bulging eyes allow them to hunt in the dark 90 00:13:00,051 --> 00:13:04,015 犯不着跟海狮白天争食 a strategy that avoids direct competition with sea lions 91 00:13:22,050 --> 00:13:25,020 海狗通常在陆地上求偶 Though fur seals normally court on land 92 00:13:26,007 --> 00:13:30,091 但有时也在水中互相嬉戏，就在波涛之下 adolescents will sometimes test the water with one another 93 00:13:30,025 --> 00:13:33,015 beneath the waves 94 00:15:06,020 --> 00:15:08,074 在加纳帕戈斯，地质力量 Geological force in Galapagos 95 00:15:08,074 --> 00:15:12,067 创造了千姿百态、大小各异的岛群 has created a cluster of islands of all shapes and sizes 96 00:15:14,004 --> 00:15:16,048 一些是火山灰堆积形成的石柱 Some are pillars of compacted ash 97 00:15:19,078 --> 00:15:22,062 另一些是岩浆喷发后产生的 Others forged from explosions of lava 98 00:15:31,006 --> 00:15:36,020 一百多座大小岛屿犹如喷洒在洋面的点缀 More than 100 islands, islets and rocky outcrops sprinkle the ocean 99 00:15:42,097 --> 00:15:47,078 其中最独特的岛位于遥远的加纳帕戈斯西北边缘 The most unusual lies in the far northwestern reaches of the archipelago 100 00:15:52,028 --> 00:15:53,078 “圆岩” Roca Redonda 101 00:15:58,009 --> 00:16:03,066 这块从海面上凸起的巨石顶部平坦，高一千英尺 This giant slab of an unscalable rock, stands a thousand feet tall 102 00:16:03,066 --> 00:16:06,080 如同一根擎天大柱，有无数的海鸟在此筑巢 103 00:16:05,028 --> 00:16:08,065 and is a precious outpost for nesting seabirds 104 00:16:25,088 --> 00:16:30,002 燕尾鸥体态优美，是最珍惜的鸟类之一 Swallow-tailed gulls are among the rarest and most exquisite 105 00:16:38,093 --> 00:16:41,013 也是世界上唯一在夜间活动的鸥鸟 They are the only nocturnal gulls in the world 106 00:16:42,013 --> 00:16:46,047 它们晚上在水面上捕食小鱼和鱿鱼 and they forage at night for small fish and squid in the surface waters 107 00:16:46,047 --> 00:16:49,044 特别发达的眼睛发挥了作用 aided by their unusually large eyes 108 00:17:08,089 --> 00:17:10,096 这座岛屿生机盎然 This island teems with life 109 00:17:14,076 --> 00:17:19,050 它的四周是富饶的大海，隐藏着一个不为人知的秘密 And the productive seas that envelop it hide a secret to its wealth 110 00:17:22,014 --> 00:17:25,064 圆岩实际上比我们所看到的要复杂得多 There's far more to Roca Redonda than meets the eye 111 00:17:30,091 --> 00:17:36,015 这座岛实际上是一座巨大的海底火山的顶端 This island is actually the tip of a giant undersea volcano 112 00:17:36,015 --> 00:17:40,036 其高约2英里，宽达12英里 nearly 2 miles tall and 12 miles wide 113 00:17:50,000 --> 00:17:52,003 深海测量学 Bathymetric studies, examining the depths of the ocean using sonar tracks 114 00:17:52,003 --> 00:17:56,017 一种通过声纳探测海洋深度的技术 115 00:17:56,017 --> 00:17:59,061 使我们对这个群岛观察提升到全新的层面 give the archipelago a whole new dimension 116 00:18:03,038 --> 00:18:07,042 加纳帕戈斯是海底火山链 Galapagos is a chain of submarine volcanos 117 00:18:07,042 --> 00:18:11,035 中心处在海底一个广阔的平台上 but have coalesced into a vast underwater platform 118 00:18:12,092 --> 00:18:14,089 这座气势宏大的基柱 This monumental plinth 119 00:18:14,089 --> 00:18:17,076 彻底改变了从其两侧横扫的洋流的前进路线 drastically changes the rooting of the currents that sweep its flanks 120 00:18:19,076 --> 00:18:24,010 它使得西来的克伦威尔寒流 121 00:18:21,035 --> 00:18:24,045 It forces the cool, Cromwell current heading in from the west 122 00:18:24,010 --> 00:18:26,040 猛然从海底上升了起来 to surge up from the ocean floor 123 00:18:34,044 --> 00:18:36,068 夜幕降临的时候 As night falls 124 00:18:36,068 --> 00:18:41,045 这股矿物质含量丰富的上升流 给加纳帕戈斯蒙上了一层迷幻的色彩 this mineral-rich upwelling 125 00:18:39,072 --> 00:18:43,027 brings the supernatural to Galapagos 126 00:18:50,076 --> 00:18:54,046 千奇百怪的海底生物浮游而上 The most bizarre creatures rise from abyss 127 00:19:00,084 --> 00:19:04,094 三维空间里的垂直运动 A vertical migration in a 3-Dimensional world 128 00:19:16,008 --> 00:19:19,072 海洋里四处浮游的生物有些就像浮动的城堡 Some of these ocean vagrants are floating fortresses 129 00:19:19,072 --> 00:19:21,086 鱼儿喜欢躲到里面去 providing precious shelter 130 00:19:47,008 --> 00:19:50,045 对于其他生物，像这只螳螂虾幼虫 For others, like this mantis shrimp larvae 131 00:19:50,045 --> 00:19:53,092 体型小又不引人注意，是它能够存活下来的关键 being small and inconspicuous is key to survival 132 00:20:04,077 --> 00:20:08,037 小拟蝉虾，犹如一座精巧设计的玻璃雕塑 Young slipper lobsters are exquisite glass sculptures 133 00:20:15,088 --> 00:20:22,032 而楬水母更是光彩夺目，仿佛是照耀黑暗海洋的彩色灯塔 While comb jellies are far more flamboyant 134 00:20:20,072 --> 00:20:24,015 beacons of color in a sea of darkness 135 00:20:43,014 --> 00:20:46,001 加纳帕戈斯正显露出前所未有的面貌 Galapagos as it's never been seen before 136 00:20:54,022 --> 00:20:59,076 破晓时分，营养物含量丰富的克伦威尔洋流 沐浴在赤道的阳光之下 As day breaks 137 00:20:56,061 --> 00:20:57,085 the nutrient-rich Cromwell current 138 00:20:58,081 --> 00:21:01,035 is bathed by the equatorial sun 139 00:21:00,089 --> 00:21:06,063 悬浮在水中的是大量的海洋微藻 微藻是海洋生命无穷无尽的食物源 triggering blooms of microscopic algae 140 00:21:05,017 --> 00:21:07,025 that feed an explosion of life 141 00:21:27,002 --> 00:21:31,085 这股至关重要的洋流，有利于加纳帕戈斯一些最奇特的生物 This vital current has helped some of the strangest Galapagos creatures 142 00:21:31,085 --> 00:21:36,012 像这些寒水企鹅，在赤道地带生活 like these cold water penguins to live at this latitude 143 00:21:50,071 --> 00:21:54,061 克伦威尔洋流仅仅是滋养加纳帕戈斯的多种洋流之一 The Cromwell current is only one of many that feeds Galapagos 144 00:21:56,091 --> 00:22:01,092 从南方涌入另一股寒流，洪堡洋流 Flowing in from the south, comes another cold current 145 00:22:01,092 --> 00:22:05,045 洪堡洋流与西进的南赤道洋流交汇 the Humboldt 146 00:22:03,015 --> 00:22:07,017 merging with the south equatorial current heading west 147 00:22:08,012 --> 00:22:11,093 从中美洲涌来的是巴拿马暖流 And from Central America, comes the warm Panama flow 148 00:22:14,033 --> 00:22:17,033 这股洋流物含量稀少 This current is poorer in nutrient than the others 149 00:22:17,033 --> 00:22:20,054 使得这块北方水域及其缺乏生命力 making these northern waters the least productive 150 00:22:24,087 --> 00:22:27,068 这里的动物需要真我特殊的本领 Animals here need to be resourceful 151 00:22:29,038 --> 00:22:33,075 成群结队的六带鲹是一个奇特的清洁站 Shoals of big eye jacks gather at particular cleaning stations 152 00:22:33,075 --> 00:22:37,005 吸引了色彩缤纷的约翰兰德蝴蝶鱼的目光 attracting the attention of colorful barber fish 153 00:22:44,009 --> 00:22:47,093 约翰兰德蝴蝶鱼喜欢吃鲹鱼皮肤上的寄生虫 The barber fish like to feed on skin parasites from the Jacks 154 00:22:54,067 --> 00:22:57,031 这是一件对双方都有利的事情 It's a mutually beneficial arrangement 155 00:23:04,005 --> 00:23:05,095 尽管地处赤道 Despite being on the equator 156 00:23:05,095 --> 00:23:10,029 加纳帕戈斯稳定的温暖水域却非常有限 Galapagos has a limited number of warm stable pockets of water 157 00:23:10,029 --> 00:23:13,056 珊瑚的种类寥寥无几 There're just a couple of dozen species of coral 158 00:23:16,049 --> 00:23:21,050 牡丹珊瑚伤痕遍体，是因为受到了白点叉鼻鲀的攻击 Pavona corals bear the scars of an assault 159 00:23:20,072 --> 00:23:23,035 by Guineafowl Puffer fish 160 00:23:26,097 --> 00:23:29,064 它们大口采食海藻 They pluck crunchy mouthfuls of algae 161 00:23:46,009 --> 00:23:51,036 珊瑚的侵蚀，有利于斑点鹰鳐重要的觅食地的形成 Coral errosion helps to create an important feeding ground for spotted eagle rays 162 00:23:54,023 --> 00:23:56,000 它们喜欢一种加纳帕戈斯的角落 They prefer corners of Galapagos 163 00:23:56,000 --> 00:23:59,097 在那里，珊瑚、贝壳的残骸和被侵蚀的熔岩混杂在一起 where the remains of corals and shells mingle with eroded lava 164 00:24:06,074 --> 00:24:09,081 那些地方有大量的软体动物和介壳动物 They're rich in mollusks and crustations 165 00:24:09,081 --> 00:24:13,052 鳐鱼会用强而有力的下颚消灭它们 which the rays root out with their powerful, crushing jaws 166 00:24:23,009 --> 00:24:28,030 在这片水底草原上还生活着一种特别胆小的鱼 These aquatic prairies are also home to rather nervous local residents 167 00:24:29,043 --> 00:24:32,080 它们似乎特别害怕鳐鱼 They seem to find the rays particularly intimidating 168 00:24:35,047 --> 00:24:37,081 其实鳐鱼并不危险 although there's no real threat 169 00:24:41,031 --> 00:24:43,014 加纳帕戈斯花园鳗 Galapagos garden eels 170 00:24:45,005 --> 00:24:47,085 它们靠截获在水中漂浮的植物为食 who intercept plankton passing by 171 00:25:11,067 --> 00:25:15,098 在加纳帕戈斯的其他地方，寒冷而富饶的水资源占主导地位 In the rest of Galapagos cold and fertile waters prevail 172 00:25:15,098 --> 00:25:21,008 滋养了一大片绿藻地，属赤道地带最茂盛的 nourishing fields of green algae richer here than anywhere else on the equator 173 00:25:28,006 --> 00:25:32,029 这是黄尾刺尾鱼的主食 This is an important food for gangs of yellow-tailed surgeon fish 174 00:25:45,061 --> 00:25:48,098 养植这些绿藻的，是一条独来独往的雀鲷 This algal farmer, a solitary damselfish 175 00:25:49,074 --> 00:25:53,015 突然发现这顿大餐被一群掠夺者抢走了 suddenly finds his harvest hijacked by marauders 176 00:26:17,081 --> 00:26:23,058 这篇海底牧场栖息着一种古老的海洋迁徙性动物 These marine pastures 177 00:26:20,015 --> 00:26:24,097 are a choice habitat for an ancient ocean wanderer 178 00:26:25,015 --> 00:26:28,047 the Pacific green turtle 179 00:26:26,082 --> 00:26:28,082 太平洋绿海龟 180 00:26:39,039 --> 00:26:42,096 通常，加纳帕戈斯绿海龟被认为是独一无二的亚种 It's thought the Galapagos turtles are a unique subspecies 181 00:26:42,096 --> 00:26:44,080 因为它们一般外表黝黑 as they are unusually dark 182 00:26:44,080 --> 00:26:49,084 也许这样有助于吸收阳光，能更好地应付寒冷的水下环境 Perhaps to help them absorb the sun's warmth and cope better in these chilly waters 183 00:27:01,032 --> 00:27:04,055 这里是整个太平洋 Here is one of the richest concentrations of green turtles anywhere in the Pacific 184 00:27:04,055 --> 00:27:06,055 绿海龟最集中的地方 185 00:27:32,041 --> 00:27:35,042 绿海龟的聚集时间很有规律 Green turtles time their gathering carefully 186 00:27:37,062 --> 00:27:41,036 每年有数月进行求偶和交配 For a few month a year they come together to greet and mate 187 00:27:51,077 --> 00:27:54,057 即使在最有挑战性的环境里 Even in the most challenging conditions 188 00:27:55,064 --> 00:27:59,074 也没有什么能阻挡这只强悍的雄龟完成任务 Nothing stops this ambitious male from completing the task in hand 189 00:28:08,085 --> 00:28:12,052 大部分绿龟等到暖季才在海岸上产卵 Most green turtles lay their eggs on these shores during the warmer season 190 00:28:13,052 --> 00:28:16,019 这个时侯洪堡洋流已经减弱 when the Humboldt current slackens 191 00:28:16,019 --> 00:28:19,006 也许暖和一点更有利于孵化 Perhaps that warmth helps with incubation 192 00:28:20,090 --> 00:28:24,033 小龟通常在几个月后才破蛋而出 But their hatchlings will emerge several months later 193 00:28:25,040 --> 00:28:29,094 那个时侯寒冷的洪堡洋流又重整旗鼓，声势浩大 At a time when this cold current reestablishes itself with gusto 194 00:28:32,064 --> 00:28:36,044 有半年时间，加纳帕戈斯受洪堡洋流影响 For half the year, the Humboldt current dominates Galapagos 195 00:28:38,098 --> 00:28:43,012 随之而来是凉爽而干燥的东南信风 arriving with cool and dry southeasterly trade winds 196 00:28:45,042 --> 00:28:48,026 信风带来“加鲁亚季节” And it brings with it the 'Garua Season' 197 00:28:52,059 --> 00:28:54,026 “雾季” The misty season 198 00:29:21,009 --> 00:29:26,026 此时，上升流最强，营养物含量达到最丰富的程度 It's now, with upwelling at its strongest and the water's most productive 199 00:29:26,026 --> 00:29:30,050 龟、鱼和海鸟有了可靠的食物源 that turtles, fish and seabirds can bank on a steady supply of food 200 00:30:54,082 --> 00:30:59,075 全世界三分之一的蓝脚鲣鸟生活在加纳帕戈斯 Three quarters of the world's population of blue-footed boobies live in the Galapagos 201 00:31:03,016 --> 00:31:06,036 在条件有利的时候，蓝脚鲣鸟总是反应迅速 They react fast when conditions are favorable 202 00:31:08,036 --> 00:31:10,087 脚是方便的刹车工具 Feet, a handy breaks 203 00:31:23,021 --> 00:31:27,018 鲣鸟，即“Booby”，来自“Bobo”一词 The name booby 204 00:31:25,065 --> 00:31:26,032 derives from the word 'bobo' 205 00:31:27,025 --> 00:31:29,018 在西班牙语里意为“小丑” the Spanish for 'clown' 206 00:31:31,082 --> 00:31:34,082 也许是因为鲣鸟夸张的抬脚姿势 Perhaps because of their exaggerated footsteps 207 00:31:47,017 --> 00:31:50,054 这种求偶舞是加纳帕戈斯独有的仪式 This courtship dance is a Galapagos ritual 208 00:31:52,077 --> 00:31:55,088 脚抬得越高，机会就越大 The higher his foot lift, the better his chances 209 00:32:01,025 --> 00:32:03,065 它仰头向天表示有兴趣 Sky pointing builds her interest 210 00:32:16,096 --> 00:32:20,047 雌鸟有所表示，在模仿雄鸟的姿势 She commits, mirroring his every move 211 00:32:39,002 --> 00:32:40,079 现在回到基本的要求 It's back to basics 212 00:32:57,000 --> 00:33:00,034 鲣鸟能随时停止繁殖 Boobies can switch off their breeding season at any moment 213 00:33:00,034 --> 00:33:02,058 如果洋流没有来的话 if the ocean fails to deliver 214 00:33:07,055 --> 00:33:10,062 在气候好的一年下两三个蛋 In a good year, 215 00:33:08,032 --> 00:33:10,022 2 or 3 eggs are laid 216 00:33:10,062 --> 00:33:14,002 雌鸟和雄鸟共同承担遮阳和孵化的任务 with both parents taking turns to shade and incubate 217 00:33:31,097 --> 00:33:35,071 纳斯卡鲣鸟是蓝脚鲣鸟的近亲 Nazca boobies are close relatives of blue-footed boobies 218 00:33:35,071 --> 00:33:39,035 但它们的觅食地离海岸更远、捕食范围也更广 but feed much further off shore with a wider hunting range 219 00:33:41,028 --> 00:33:43,095 它们的繁殖虽然有固定的周期 They also had a fixed breeding cycle 220 00:33:53,029 --> 00:33:55,080 但其中的故事却非常曲折 But there's a twist in their tale 221 00:33:57,003 --> 00:34:01,070 纳斯卡鲣鸟一次下两个蛋，如果两个蛋都能顺利孵化 Nazca boobies lay 2 eggs 222 00:34:01,070 --> 00:34:04,054 那么，两只雏鸟的年龄将相差三至七天 and if both successfully hatch 223 00:34:02,062 --> 00:34:05,034 there's an age gap of 3-7 days 224 00:34:15,078 --> 00:34:19,029 大雏鸟将很快建立权威 The older, larger chick is quick to stamp his authority 225 00:34:26,086 --> 00:34:29,023 这是恃强凌弱的野蛮做法 It's a brutal, bullying business 226 00:34:46,035 --> 00:34:50,055 大雏鸟拼命地把小雏鸟往巢外推 The elder sibling pushes the other as far from the nest as possible 227 00:35:00,029 --> 00:35:03,046 尽管这就发生在母鸟的喙底下 Although this happens right under the mother’s beak 228 00:35:03,046 --> 00:35:05,070 母鸟却无动于衷 She does nothing to intervene 229 00:35:07,013 --> 00:35:12,067 被驱逐出去的雏鸟要么脱水而死，要么被其他动物吃掉 The evicted chick now faces certain death through dehydration 230 00:35:12,002 --> 00:35:13,082 or predation 231 00:35:15,081 --> 00:35:18,001 永远只有一只雏鸟能活下来 Only one chick ever survives 232 00:35:27,046 --> 00:35:33,006 没有人能够真正理解，为什么只有纳斯卡鲣鸟的同巢雏鸟相互残杀 No one fully understands 233 00:35:29,057 --> 00:35:35,032 why siblicide always occurs among Nazca boobies 234 00:35:35,026 --> 00:35:40,023 难道母鸟下蛋时，想到了一个蛋可能会遭到毁坏 而下两个蛋作为保险措施？ Do the parents produce 2 eggs 235 00:35:37,002 --> 00:35:43,000 as insurance policy in case one is destroyed? 236 00:35:43,010 --> 00:35:46,017 或者这是一种进化残留现象？ Or is this an evolutionary relic from the past 237 00:35:46,017 --> 00:35:49,081 这种鸟曾经能够轻松地养大两只雏鸟 when this species was comfortably able to raise 2 young? 238 00:35:58,075 --> 00:36:00,009 不管是那种情况 Whatever the case, 239 00:36:00,009 --> 00:36:05,083 对于纳斯卡鲣鸟，这种方式是在 这个残酷的世界存活下来的有效手段 for Nazca boobies 240 00:36:02,056 --> 00:36:07,029 this system is very effective in a world where the stakes are so high 241 00:36:32,089 --> 00:36:36,089 在加纳帕戈斯，海洋既能哺育又能毁灭生命 In Galapagos, the ocean is both a giver and a taker 242 00:36:39,099 --> 00:36:44,013 这里的生命已经以非凡的方式适应了这种反复无常 Life has found some extraordinary ways to deal with its mood swings 243 00:36:47,003 --> 00:36:51,064 但在这些荒凉的海岸上，自然的杀伤力仍然非常强大 But on these remote shores 244 00:36:48,079 --> 00:36:53,057 it's still a hostage to the elements 245 00:37:07,002 --> 00:37:12,066 每隔三到十年，加纳帕戈斯就会出现严重的失控局面 Every 3-10 years 246 00:37:08,092 --> 00:37:13,092 conditions in Galapagos get seriously out of kilter 247 00:37:20,087 --> 00:37:26,011 厄瓜多尔人把这种现象成为“厄尔尼诺” It's an event described by the people of Ecuador and Peru as El Nino 248 00:37:26,011 --> 00:37:30,034 意为“圣婴”，因为厄尔尼诺就发生在圣诞节前后 meaning 'the boy child' because it often begins around Christmas 249 00:37:35,092 --> 00:37:40,025 信风强度减弱，洪堡洋流威力消退 Trade winds diminish and the cool Humboldt current slackens 250 00:37:40,025 --> 00:37:43,029 不再对加纳帕戈斯造成任何影响 Failing to make its impact felt in Galapagos 251 00:37:46,023 --> 00:37:51,087 取而代之的是一股向东的、暖和的表层洋流 It is replaced by much warmer surface waters moving east across the Pacific 252 00:38:00,014 --> 00:38:05,001 热带大雨给干旱的大地带来了滋润 Tropical downpours sweep in bringing welcome relief to the land 253 00:38:20,096 --> 00:38:22,060 江河诞生 Rivers are born 254 00:38:26,093 --> 00:38:28,060 草木茂盛 Plants flourish 255 00:38:32,051 --> 00:38:38,018 但是，厄尔尼诺对海洋的影响是灾难性的 But the impact of El Nino on the ocean 256 00:38:37,052 --> 00:38:40,052 is catastrophic 257 00:38:43,042 --> 00:38:47,042 上一次厄尔尼诺袭来的时候，大部分海狮的幼子都被活活地饿死 When it last truck 258 00:38:45,068 --> 00:38:50,032 most sea lion pubs starved to death 259 00:38:51,026 --> 00:38:53,089 母海狮不能产奶 Mothers were unable to produce enough milk 260 00:38:53,089 --> 00:38:58,003 因为它们失去了主食——沙丁鱼 because of extreme shortages of their main prey - Sardines 261 00:38:59,080 --> 00:39:04,004 一些领地死了一半数量的海狮 In some colonies, more than half of all sea lions died 262 00:39:06,097 --> 00:39:11,078 对于海鬣蜥，厄尔尼诺的影响简直是致命的 For marine iguanas 263 00:39:09,002 --> 00:39:12,033 the impact of El Nino can be just as dire 264 00:39:15,035 --> 00:39:19,062 温暖的海水破坏了它们的主食——绿藻 Warmer water wipes out green algae - their main food source 265 00:39:39,047 --> 00:39:43,014 这些岛屿靠海洋提供养料 These islands depend on the ocean as a provider of life 266 00:39:43,014 --> 00:39:45,028 但是不保证任何事情 267 00:39:44,072 --> 00:39:47,022 but nothing is guaranteed 268 00:39:54,002 --> 00:39:59,083 地质力量和气候力量在不断地改变加纳帕戈斯的面貌 Profound geological and climatic forces constantly reshape Galapagos 269 00:40:03,003 --> 00:40:06,023 这里的生命极富韧性，有很好的适应能力 Life here is resilient and adaptable to change 270 00:40:06,083 --> 00:40:10,030 很快就能从灾难中恢复过来 and with time, it can recover from natural catastrophe 271 00:40:14,091 --> 00:40:19,028 加纳帕戈斯是生长着世界上最大的原始森林的热带群岛 Galapagos is the most pristine tropical archipelago in the world 272 00:40:24,005 --> 00:40:27,055 百分之九十五的原生动植物至今仍然完好 95% of native wildlife is still intact 273 00:40:31,079 --> 00:40:34,066 与世隔绝的状态对岛屿起了一定的保护作用 Isolation has helped protect these islands 274 00:40:44,051 --> 00:40:48,044 但最近一股能够引起变化的新力量开始形成 But in recent times a new force of change has emerged 275 00:40:50,031 --> 00:40:52,098 这种力量正在迅速增强 one that is rapidly gaining momentum 276 00:40:59,012 --> 00:41:00,042 人类自己！ ourselves 277 00:41:01,042 --> 00:41:05,053 每年来加纳帕戈斯的游客已超过十万 More than 100,000 visitors come to Galapagos each year 278 00:41:14,042 --> 00:41:17,045 To help support this growing interest 279 00:41:15,094 --> 00:41:18,024 对这座岛屿的兴趣日益加深还表现在 280 00:41:18,024 --> 00:41:22,048 本地的人口在最近五十年突飞猛进 the local population was dramatically risen in the last 50 years 281 00:41:22,048 --> 00:41:26,018 数量从两千不到激增到三万 from less than 2,000 to 30,000 282 00:41:35,042 --> 00:41:39,069 维持游客和居民所需的物质在急速增长 The resources needed to sustain visitors and residents are spiraling 283 00:41:44,013 --> 00:41:49,024 通往南美大陆的空中和海上桥梁应运而生 There's now a sort of air and sea bridge with mainland South America 284 00:41:49,024 --> 00:41:54,051 随着人群和商品源源不断地流入，加纳帕戈斯不再与世隔绝 With a constant stream of people and goods 285 00:41:51,091 --> 00:41:54,071 Galapagos is no longer isolated 286 00:42:08,019 --> 00:42:10,016 有害的物种也随之而来 And with this flow of traffic 287 00:42:10,016 --> 00:42:13,096 对脆弱的现状构成了威胁 288 00:42:13,059 --> 00:42:15,081 come unwanted species that threatened the delicate status quo 289 00:42:22,097 --> 00:42:26,091 引入的物种已超过原生物种 Already there are more introduced plants here than native ones 290 00:42:30,094 --> 00:42:34,028 奎宁树原本作为药用植物被引入这里 Quinine trees brought in as a medical crop 291 00:42:34,028 --> 00:42:37,089 现在却多得快要吞噬海燕筑巢的地方 swamp natural habitat where rare birds like petrels nest 292 00:42:49,066 --> 00:42:53,083 尽管人们千方百计地要解决问题，然而，挑战与日俱增 Despite efforts to curb the problems 293 00:42:52,085 --> 00:42:56,019 the challenges keep on growing 294 00:42:59,044 --> 00:43:03,061 在所有引进的物种里面，山羊最具破坏性 Of all the introduced species 295 00:43:02,040 --> 00:43:05,090 goats have been the most destructive 296 00:43:06,091 --> 00:43:09,068 它们几个世纪前就被海盗、捕鲸者和水手带到这里 They were brought here centuries ago 297 00:43:08,085 --> 00:43:12,060 by buccaneers, whalers and sealers as a reliable food supply 298 00:43:10,068 --> 00:43:13,035 作为可靠食物源 299 00:43:13,035 --> 00:43:18,043 但现在它们吃光了这里的土地 这对巨龟等原生动物构成了严重威胁 but they've stripped the native plants 300 00:43:15,014 --> 00:43:18,049 out competing animals like giant tortoises 301 00:43:41,095 --> 00:43:46,095 尽管困难重重，唯一可行的方法只有采取消灭行动 Hard though it is 302 00:43:44,015 --> 00:43:48,009 the only viable solution to this problem is eradication 303 00:44:53,092 --> 00:44:55,076 在最近两年 Over the last 2 years 304 00:44:55,076 --> 00:45:00,096 加纳帕戈斯最大两座岛上的几万只山羊被清除 tens of thousands of goats have been removed from 2 of the largest Galapagos islands 305 00:45:03,060 --> 00:45:06,020 现在，这片土地有了复苏机会 The land now has a chance to recover 306 00:45:11,051 --> 00:45:15,044 加纳帕戈斯被恐惧、被诅咒了几百年 Galapagos was, for centuries feared and reviled 307 00:45:19,051 --> 00:45:23,045 但自从两百年前达尔文来过之后 But ever since Charles Darwin's visit nearly 200 years ago 308 00:45:24,025 --> 00:45:29,046 我们开始以新的眼光审视这些岛屿，它们已经引起了全世界的关注 we've seen these islands in a new light 309 00:45:26,079 --> 00:45:29,052 and it has captured the attention of the world 310 00:45:41,003 --> 00:45:45,007 这座群岛是一个奇妙的“生命熔炉” This archipelago is a fascinating crucible for life 311 00:45:49,008 --> 00:45:51,085 它还在演变，还将给人带来惊喜 It continues to evolve and surprise 312 00:46:00,089 --> 00:46:03,089 加纳帕戈斯，对达尔文的影响是如此深刻 So great was its impact on Darwin 313 00:46:03,089 --> 00:46:09,020 以至于达尔文后来称它是自己一切思想的起源 that he would later claimed the Galapagos islands to be the origins of all his views 314 00:46:20,024 --> 00:46:23,084 而现在是我们对加纳帕戈斯造成了巨大影响 Today, it is our impact on Galapagos 315 00:46:24,071 --> 00:46:29,028 我们的所作所为将决定这座群岛的未来 and how we choose to manage it that will determine the island's future 316 00:46:37,012 --> 00:46:41,043 如果成功，将会为所有人指出道路 If that succeeds, it can point the way for everyone 317 00:46:45,020 --> 00:46:51,000 加纳帕戈斯，毕竟，是我们这个星球内部的小宇宙 Galapagos, is, after all, a microcosm of our planet 318 00:46:53,011 --> 00:47:07,022 Transcription by Andrew & Hattie