1 00:00:01,054 --> 00:00:11,028 【 加 纳 帕 戈 斯 群 岛 】 2 00:00:16,015 --> 00:00:19,048 诞生在海底火山喷发的烈焰之中 Born of fire from the depths of the earth 3 00:00:21,075 --> 00:00:24,045 遭受着太阳无情的烘烤 baked by an infernal sun 4 00:00:29,019 --> 00:00:32,070 他是地球上最奇特的动植物的乐园 home to the strangest creatures imaginable 5 00:00:37,030 --> 00:00:39,060 当人类第一次踏足这里 When people first came here 6 00:00:39,060 --> 00:00:43,001 以为自己来到了地狱 they thought that they had found a hell on earth 7 00:00:50,065 --> 00:00:52,038 但这里不是地狱 But this is no hell 8 00:00:53,028 --> 00:00:56,049 这里是充满着活力的“生命熔炉” it is a vibrant crucible of life 9 00:01:13,010 --> 00:01:16,021 终于，有一个人发现了真相 In time, one man saw the truth 10 00:01:17,047 --> 00:01:21,034 他彻底改变了我们对这些岛屿的看法 and changed much more than just our view of these islands 11 00:01:22,071 --> 00:01:25,028 他的名字就叫查尔斯·达尔文 His name was Charles Darwin 12 00:01:34,052 --> 00:01:38,080 这个故事将要讲述加纳帕戈斯群岛 This is the story of how the lonely Galapagos islands came from obscurity to change the world for ever 13 00:01:39,003 --> 00:01:40,080 如何由默默无闻的荒岛 14 00:01:41,070 --> 00:01:43,090 最后永远地改变这个世界 15 00:01:46,004 --> 00:01:49,028 『 改 变 世 界 的 荒 岛 』 16 00:01:53,044 --> 00:01:57,008 公元前1535年3月10日 17 00:02:03,029 --> 00:02:07,059 尊敬的陛下，我们度过了风平浪静的六天 Your sacred Majesty 18 00:02:08,042 --> 00:02:12,036 现在遇到了强大的海流，我们的船开始随波逐流 we had this 6 day calm 19 00:02:09,060 --> 00:02:13,026 the currents were so strong and engulfed us in such a way 20 00:02:12,036 --> 00:02:16,003 在三月十日那天，我们被冲到了岛上 21 00:02:13,090 --> 00:02:17,005 that on the 10, March, we were brought to some islands 22 00:02:20,020 --> 00:02:23,074 托马斯·德贝尔·兰加，巴拿马的主教 Thomas de Berlanga, the bishop of Panama was sailing from Panama to Peru 23 00:02:23,074 --> 00:02:26,011 当时正坐在从本国驶向秘鲁的航船上 24 00:02:26,074 --> 00:02:28,075 当风势减弱的时候 But when winds failed him, strong currents took hold 25 00:02:28,075 --> 00:02:32,098 汹涌的巨浪却使船失去了控制，船完全偏离了航向 26 00:02:31,083 --> 00:02:34,016 and he was carried wildly off course 27 00:02:34,035 --> 00:02:37,039 最后，主教和他的随从发现了陆地 Eventually, the bishop and his men found land 28 00:02:39,006 --> 00:02:40,079 然而，这又是怎样的陆地啊 But what a land! 29 00:02:45,096 --> 00:02:48,040 仿佛不知在什么时候 It seems as though at some time God had showered stones 30 00:02:48,040 --> 00:02:50,057 上帝曾下过一场猛烈的石头雨 31 00:02:51,020 --> 00:02:54,080 地上满是岩浆的灰渣，寸草不生 and the earth is like slag - worthless 32 00:02:58,044 --> 00:03:02,015 这里的土地和生物有如来自地狱 Both the land and its creatures seemed infernal 33 00:03:04,078 --> 00:03:08,095 他们挖了一口水井，却发现井水居然比海水还要咸 They dug a well, but found water saltier than the sea 34 00:03:11,039 --> 00:03:12,082 其中两个人死了 Two men died 35 00:03:17,083 --> 00:03:20,000 他们祈求上帝保佑 They prayed for deliverance 36 00:03:22,090 --> 00:03:26,027 当风再起时，主教和他的随从终于离开了这里 The winds returned 37 00:03:26,027 --> 00:03:29,087 记录了在这个俨如地狱的地方的遭遇 and the bishop and his men got away to record their tale of a hell on earth 38 00:03:31,064 --> 00:03:34,011 他们发现了加纳帕戈斯 They had discovered the Galapagos 39 00:03:47,006 --> 00:03:52,016 离南美海岸600英里，正处在赤道上 600 miles off the coast of South America right on the equator 40 00:03:52,016 --> 00:03:56,010 加纳帕戈斯，是由大约12座岛组成的群岛 the Galapagos are a small group of a dozen or so islands 41 00:03:56,077 --> 00:03:59,044 孤零零地耸立在浩瀚的太平洋中 alone in the vast Pacific Ocean 42 00:04:05,054 --> 00:04:10,008 千百年来，那里的火山岩浆形成的海岸和巨大的火山 For millennia, their lava-clad shores and great volcanic mountains 43 00:04:10,038 --> 00:04:14,028 一直无人注意，无人绘制过地图，也一直保持着原有风貌 remained unnoticed, uncharted, untainted 44 00:04:14,082 --> 00:04:19,086 知道大约500年前，命运把巴拿马主教带到了这里 until fate brought the bishop of Panama here nearly 500 years ago 45 00:04:35,051 --> 00:04:40,091 只要看一眼，我们就能明白，为什么这个地方会让主教如此惊恐 At first sight 46 00:04:37,060 --> 00:04:42,005 it's easy to see why the bishop was horrified by this place 47 00:04:44,035 --> 00:04:47,002 从大海里冒出巨大的蜥蜴 From the sea come dragons marine iguanas 48 00:04:48,012 --> 00:04:49,069 海鬣蜥 49 00:04:52,069 --> 00:04:54,066 连走带跑地上岸 slithering onto the land 50 00:04:59,026 --> 00:05:03,063 黑的如同熔岩，它们仿佛要把诅咒吐出来 As black as the lava itself they seemed to spit a curse 51 00:05:03,063 --> 00:05:07,024 在它们清除因吸收海水而积累的盐分的时候 as they purge themselves of salt from drinking sea water 52 00:05:12,014 --> 00:05:16,001 在后面的沙漠，有更大的蜥蜴 In the deserts behind 53 00:05:15,071 --> 00:05:18,005 larger dragons 54 00:05:22,082 --> 00:05:27,012 连续五天，主教不得不靠吃仙人掌肉活命 For 5 days the bishop was forced to survive on cactus pads 55 00:05:27,072 --> 00:05:30,019 这些陆鬣蜥也吃 these land iguanas eat little else 56 00:05:36,077 --> 00:05:42,034 它们是直接从针刺上咬下去后，连肉带汁的享受 They bite right through the needle sharp spines to reach the surprisingly juicy flesh 57 00:05:48,031 --> 00:05:50,058 在这里，浓烟滚滚的内陆地带 And in the smoldering interior, 58 00:05:51,091 --> 00:05:53,058 有巨大的生灵 there are giants 59 00:06:06,083 --> 00:06:10,067 这些乌龟体重与4个成年男子相当 Tortoises, as heavy as 4 grown men 60 00:06:13,010 --> 00:06:17,011 在巨大的躯体里面，这些乌龟能够储存足够的脂肪 In their huge bodies 61 00:06:17,011 --> 00:06:22,001 维持整年不吃不喝任何东西 they can store enough fat to go for a year without eating or drinking anything 62 00:06:27,075 --> 00:06:32,022 为了在这里生存，便好像需要化身成怪物 To survive here 63 00:06:29,094 --> 00:06:33,082 it seems you need to be a monster 64 00:06:34,072 --> 00:06:37,073 抑或只要与众不同，就意味着有用？ Or is it just that you need to be different? 65 00:06:42,010 --> 00:06:46,094 一只鸟，像凤凰一样，从荒芜海岸的灰烬里冒了出来 A bird, phoenix-like, emerges from the ashes of this barren coast 66 00:06:49,001 --> 00:06:50,041 这是一只鸬鹚 A cormorant 67 00:06:52,064 --> 00:06:55,014 但它的翅膀太小了，羽毛又太乱了 But its wings are scruffy and small 68 00:06:56,021 --> 00:06:58,061 看起来不像会飞 It looks like it could never fly 69 00:07:00,055 --> 00:07:01,078 它不会飞 It can't 70 00:07:06,096 --> 00:07:10,063 然而，在波涛之下还有一个世界 But there is another world beneath the waves 71 00:07:12,043 --> 00:07:14,010 海洋是一块宝地 The ocean is rich 72 00:07:14,030 --> 00:07:18,087 而正是在海洋里，不会飞的鸬鹚找到了它的生存方法 73 00:07:15,082 --> 00:07:19,085 And this is where the flightless cormorant has found its way of surviving 74 00:07:19,047 --> 00:07:22,031 将飞行变成游泳的能力 by trading flight for streamlining 75 00:07:42,076 --> 00:07:46,043 剩下退化了的羽毛，紧紧贴伏身体上 With what's left of its wings tucked flat against its body 76 00:07:46,043 --> 00:07:48,043 脚非常发达 enlarged feet take over 77 00:07:48,066 --> 00:07:53,007 这样才适合在海底灵活地捕食八爪鱼、鳗鱼以及小鱼 propelling it on in search of octopus, eels and small fish 78 00:08:09,082 --> 00:08:11,079 一直雌鸟正蹲在巢穴里 A female is on the nest 79 00:08:17,043 --> 00:08:21,080 巢是它用海草精心编制的舒适的床 She makes it from seaweed, expertly weaved into a comfortably bed 80 00:08:22,043 --> 00:08:26,030 保护它自己和它下的蛋不受到锋利的岩石的伤害 protection for her and her eggs from the razor-sharp lava 81 00:08:35,064 --> 00:08:38,011 这只雄鸟给它的配偶带来了一份礼物 The male brings a gift for his mate 82 00:08:40,048 --> 00:08:43,075 用来加固巢，也为了巩固它们的关系 for the nest and also to bond their relationship 83 00:08:55,046 --> 00:08:59,054 没有飞行的能力，它们犹如流放于此地的囚犯 Without the power of flight these birds are marooned here 84 00:09:01,060 --> 00:09:06,091 但是它们没有天敌，在自己的家门口就找得到全部所需的食物 but they have no predators 85 00:09:04,082 --> 00:09:09,071 and on their doorstep is all the food they need 86 00:09:10,015 --> 00:09:13,092 对于这些把加纳帕戈斯当作家的怪鸟 For the strange creatures that have made the Galapagos home 87 00:09:14,018 --> 00:09:17,005 生活有点苦，但未到苦不堪言的地步 life is harsh but not hell 88 00:09:24,003 --> 00:09:28,096 如果巴拿马主教当时幸运的话，他可能会看到不同的景象 If the bishop of Panama had been luckier he might have seen things differently 89 00:09:31,020 --> 00:09:33,007 每年一月 In January each year 90 00:09:33,007 --> 00:09:36,051 造成加纳帕戈斯群岛气候干燥的罪魁祸首，寒冷的洪堡洋流 the cold Humboldt current that makes Galapagos so dry, loosens its grip 91 00:09:36,087 --> 00:09:38,047 开始减退 92 00:09:40,044 --> 00:09:43,031 取而代之的力量是从北方而来的一股暖流 and gives way to warm water from the north 93 00:09:46,032 --> 00:09:50,012 在美好的年份里，它会给这里的岛屿带来惊人的变化 In good years it brings a remarkable change to the islands 94 00:10:20,025 --> 00:10:23,079 突然呈现出一派完全不同的景象 Suddenly, a very different Galapagos appears 95 00:10:25,065 --> 00:10:28,039 藏在灰烬中的种子发芽了 From the ash hidden seeds come to life 96 00:10:29,073 --> 00:10:33,073 帕罗桑塔，这种很久以前就被人们认为灭绝了的树，在这里复活了 Palo Santo trees that seem long dead are resurrected 97 00:10:36,033 --> 00:10:38,067 黑白的世界变得五彩斑斓 from black and white to color 98 00:10:57,099 --> 00:10:59,072 加纳帕戈斯的春天 A Galapagos spring 99 00:11:03,059 --> 00:11:06,003 然而，这里的春天也与众不同 but even spring here is different 100 00:11:15,057 --> 00:11:18,097 陆蜥蜴在金黄色的草地里吃草 The golden meadows are grazed by land iguanas 101 00:11:19,024 --> 00:11:22,021 由滋味的仙人掌肉换成了另一种美食 relishing a pleasant change from cactus pads 102 00:11:40,060 --> 00:11:45,040 这一只雌木蜂也被吸引，沉醉于花丛当中 And this female carpenter bee also drawn to the new flush of flowers 103 00:11:45,077 --> 00:11:47,094 它在百花丛中飞舞 visits many different kinds 104 00:11:48,027 --> 00:11:51,031 但奇怪的是，几乎所有的花都是黄色的 105 00:11:49,082 --> 00:11:53,005 But strangely, almost all of them are yellow 106 00:11:52,094 --> 00:11:55,068 木蜂是加纳帕戈斯唯一的蜂 She is the only kind of bee in Galapagos 107 00:11:55,068 --> 00:12:00,015 假如木蜂喜欢黄色，这里的花不是黄色就没有意义了 If she likes yellow 108 00:11:59,042 --> 00:12:02,005 there's little point in a flower being anything else 109 00:12:11,033 --> 00:12:16,080 雨水也带来了小鸟，它们开始吱吱喳喳唱起歌来 The rain has also brought out little birds and all around they start to sing 110 00:12:23,081 --> 00:12:28,021 这只雄雀想要吸引雌雀来参观它筑的巢 This male finch tries to entice the female to inspect his nest 111 00:12:29,028 --> 00:12:32,075 巢被精心地筑在仙人掌刺保护得到的空间内 Carefully built in the protection of a spiny cactus pad 112 00:12:43,096 --> 00:12:46,016 雌鸟喜欢，住进去了 She likes it and settles in 113 00:12:48,040 --> 00:12:52,017 然而，这些看起来很不凡的鸟，也有着很不普通的一面 But even these ordinary-looking birds are extraordinary 114 00:12:54,040 --> 00:12:56,064 在地上和树上 On the ground, in the trees where you would expect to find many different birds 115 00:12:56,077 --> 00:12:59,081 你以为会看到很多不同种类的鸟 116 00:12:59,081 --> 00:13:01,048 但在这里，就只有一个种类 Here one kind rules 117 00:13:02,024 --> 00:13:04,008 全部都是雀科的鸟 118 00:13:03,089 --> 00:13:06,005 These are all finches 119 00:13:05,045 --> 00:13:08,092 在加纳帕戈斯有13种不同的雀科鸟 In Galapagos there are 13 different species of finch taking the place of the other birds 120 00:13:08,092 --> 00:13:11,042 而其他科的鸟一种也没有 121 00:13:11,075 --> 00:13:14,059 关键原因是，每一只雀都有不同用途的喙 The key is that each has a different beak 122 00:13:15,072 --> 00:13:18,036 厚而实的用来咬碎种子 Thicker, stronger for cracking seeds 123 00:13:19,040 --> 00:13:21,053 长而利的用来吮吸花蜜 Long and sharp for flowers 124 00:13:22,060 --> 00:13:26,087 细而尖的用来从岩峰利挖出小虫子 Delicate and pointed for winkling tiny creatures from cracks in rocks 125 00:13:29,077 --> 00:13:32,007 甚至还有一种啄木鸟雀 There's even a woodpecker finch 126 00:13:32,091 --> 00:13:38,011 但是没有啄木鸟的舌头，是不能直接吃到树洞里的虫子的 But without a woodpeckers tongue 127 00:13:36,071 --> 00:13:44,071 it can't reach grubs that deep inside burrows so it has to use all its canny to get what it wants 128 00:13:38,035 --> 00:13:41,082 因而它必须施展浑身解数才能如其所愿 129 00:13:43,079 --> 00:13:45,062 它这段一条小树枝 It breaks off a twig, 130 00:13:46,062 --> 00:13:48,036 做探测工具 131 00:13:48,016 --> 00:13:50,071 a tool for probing 132 00:13:54,030 --> 00:13:55,086 不是很合适 133 00:13:56,016 --> 00:13:59,071 Not quite right 134 00:14:09,051 --> 00:14:11,008 太好了，刚刚好 Yes, just right 135 00:14:25,089 --> 00:14:28,020 再叼一条树枝区探另一个树洞 Another tool for another burrow 136 00:14:32,047 --> 00:14:34,014 又一条肥美的虫子 another fat grub 137 00:14:39,001 --> 00:14:42,085 这里的世界，人们最初看到的只是其中的一面 There's a lot more to this world than at first meets the eye 138 00:14:48,058 --> 00:14:53,012 多年来，却一直没人知道加纳帕戈斯这么美的风景 For many years, this brighter side of Galapagos remained completely hidden 139 00:14:54,079 --> 00:14:59,050 遭巴拿马主教诅咒、没有名字，没人靠近过这里 Cursed by the bishop of Panama 140 00:14:57,083 --> 00:14:58,083 given no name 141 00:14:59,049 --> 00:15:00,083 Nobody came near 142 00:15:01,043 --> 00:15:04,073 事实上，也没有人相信这些岛屿也真的存在 But then nobody was even sure the islands existed 143 00:15:05,053 --> 00:15:09,067 它们如幽灵般在虚无缥缈的烟雾之中 shifting currents, mists, like ghosts 144 00:15:10,071 --> 00:15:13,008 忽隐忽现 Now you see them, now you don't 145 00:15:13,084 --> 00:15:18,068 在水手的心里，加纳帕戈斯是“Las Encantadas” In the minds of mariners 146 00:15:16,086 --> 00:15:21,083 the Galapagos were Las Encantadas, enchanted 147 00:15:19,025 --> 00:15:20,055 “被施了魔法的陆地” 148 00:15:22,038 --> 00:15:26,039 后来，在16世纪末，有人把这些岛屿标在地图上 Then, in the late 1500s 149 00:15:27,019 --> 00:15:29,083 就12个粗略的记号和一个名称 somebody put them on a map 150 00:15:27,082 --> 00:15:31,005 Just 12 crude marks and a name 151 00:15:30,049 --> 00:15:32,029 lslas de Galapagos Isla de Galapagos - islands of the tortoises 152 00:15:33,016 --> 00:15:35,016 乌龟之岛 153 00:15:37,097 --> 00:15:40,057 一标在地图上就变得真实了 Put it on a map and it becomes real 154 00:15:43,041 --> 00:15:46,041 第一批来的是海盗 The first to come were pirates 155 00:15:48,081 --> 00:15:50,078 加纳帕戈斯是绝好的基地 The Galapagos was the perfect base for raids on Spanish galleons carrying gold from South America 156 00:15:50,078 --> 00:15:54,095 在此地袭击南美来的西班牙货船非常有利 157 00:16:06,076 --> 00:16:09,043 但是抢劫对加纳帕戈斯来说并不新鲜 But piracy is nothing new to Galapagos 158 00:16:13,024 --> 00:16:15,074 军舰鸟正寻找目标实施抢劫 frigatebirds looking for plunder 159 00:16:22,091 --> 00:16:27,008 在这些悬崖峭壁上是数以千计的鸟巢 In these cliffs are the nests of hundreds of thousands of seabirds 160 00:16:28,065 --> 00:16:32,096 这么多鸟儿聚集在一起，很快争端开始出现 With so much traffic, it's not long before something gets into trouble 161 00:16:45,000 --> 00:16:46,054 这是一只海燕 A storm petrel 162 00:16:57,025 --> 00:17:00,018 又一只军舰鸟飞过来 But another frigate is in there like a shot and another 163 00:17:01,025 --> 00:17:02,065 然后又一只 164 00:17:02,089 --> 00:17:05,035 两只，三只白头鸟 two, three white headed juveniles 165 00:17:07,029 --> 00:17:09,053 它们一起袭击黑头鸟 They harried the all black male 166 00:17:11,059 --> 00:17:13,083 逼着它丢弃嘴里叼着的燕子 forcing it to drop the petrel 167 00:17:33,035 --> 00:17:38,052 军舰鸟名声很坏，但并不完全因为它们就想要这么干 Frigates have a fearsome reputation 168 00:17:36,016 --> 00:17:38,060 but the odds are not all in their favor 169 00:17:38,052 --> 00:17:43,003 如果它们自己入海捕食的话，长翅膀就会沾上过多的水 If they ditch in the sea 170 00:17:40,083 --> 00:17:48,049 their long wings can get critically waterlogged With every swoop, they risk drowning 171 00:17:43,043 --> 00:17:46,003 每一次入海捕食，都有淹死的危险 172 00:18:03,015 --> 00:18:07,085 在军舰鸟的领地里，雄鸟一个个都鼓起了红色喉囊 In the colony, the males inflate their extraordinary red-throat pouches 173 00:18:25,060 --> 00:18:29,054 它们想要吸引正在天上飞的雌鸟 They are trying to be irresistible to females passing overhead 174 00:18:53,096 --> 00:18:55,040 它得手了！ He's got one 175 00:19:03,014 --> 00:19:06,038 雌鸟很快住了进来，整理起雄鸟的巢 She soon settles in and tidies up his nest 176 00:19:08,064 --> 00:19:11,011 雄鸟则非常小心地看着 He watches over her very carefully 177 00:19:12,011 --> 00:19:15,008 毕竟周围都是做强盗的鸟 After all, he is surrounded by pirates 178 00:19:20,032 --> 00:19:22,062 另一支雄鸟想来抢夺 Another male tries to muscle in 179 00:19:41,068 --> 00:19:43,008 现在雌鸟加入了 Now she joins in 180 00:19:43,008 --> 00:19:47,002 雌鸟已经做出选择，它帮助雄鸟驱逐外来者 She's already made her choice and helps drive the newcomer away 181 00:19:52,022 --> 00:19:54,056 它的搭档没有浪费时间 Her partner wastes no more time 182 00:20:05,013 --> 00:20:09,027 等完事后，雌鸟就把头靠在舒适的“枕头”上轻松一下 And when it's all over 183 00:20:07,082 --> 00:20:11,083 she gets a rest on a comfortable pillow 184 00:20:19,028 --> 00:20:24,055 与世隔绝，这里正是海盗们寻找安宁的理想所在 Hidden away from the rest of the world this is a place for pirates to find peace 185 00:20:29,093 --> 00:20:34,076 第二波来加纳帕戈斯的人，不是为了掠夺过往的船只 The next wave of people came to Galapagos not to plunder passing ships 186 00:20:34,076 --> 00:20:37,077 而是为了掠夺岛屿本身的财富 but for the riches of the islands themselves 187 00:20:39,033 --> 00:20:40,074 在偏西方向 In the far west 188 00:20:40,074 --> 00:20:45,007 克伦威尔潜流与巨大的洋流碰撞，从而变成一股上升流 the deep Cromwell current collides with the massive islands and rises bringing nutrients from the abyss deep 189 00:20:45,007 --> 00:20:47,091 从深海带来了新的潮流 190 00:20:49,014 --> 00:20:52,045 这里是赤道附近的海洋里物产最丰富的地方之一 These are some of the richest seas on the equator 191 00:20:59,032 --> 00:21:02,062 但是，并非这些鱼吸引了这些人前来此地 But it wasn't fish that draw people to these waters 192 00:21:10,060 --> 00:21:12,007 这是抹香鲸 A sperm whale 193 00:21:26,045 --> 00:21:29,058 它们可以潜入三千多米深的海底去捕食鱿鱼 They dive to over 3,000 feet for squid 194 00:21:30,039 --> 00:21:34,056 那里深的连赤道上阳光也无法照下去 It's so deep even the equatorial sun is completely shut out 195 00:21:35,009 --> 00:21:37,093 所以，抹香鲸用回声定位的方法来捕食 So they find their food via echo-location 196 00:21:45,003 --> 00:21:47,020 它们如今受到了保护 Today, they are protected 197 00:21:47,020 --> 00:21:49,054 在我们眼里是美丽的巨大生物 We see them as beautiful giants 198 00:21:50,021 --> 00:21:53,044 但在不久以前，情况却大为不同 But not so long ago, the view was very different 199 00:21:58,055 --> 00:22:01,052 它们被当作怪物，遭到想要牟利的人猎杀 These were monsters to be killed for profit 200 00:22:11,019 --> 00:22:16,003 是“鲸油热”和“海中怪兽”搏斗的故事 It was the rush for whale oil and stories of battles with Levithians of the deep 201 00:22:16,040 --> 00:22:20,047 引起了全世界对加纳帕戈斯群岛的广泛关注 that brought the Galapagos to the attention of the world at large 202 00:22:23,061 --> 00:22:27,088 但岛屿被发现后，付出代价的并不仅仅只有鲸 But it wasn't just the whales that were paying the price of discovering 203 00:22:37,049 --> 00:22:40,099 有一样东西，海盗和捕鲸者都想得到 There was one thing that pirates and whalers all wanted - 204 00:22:42,039 --> 00:22:43,076 新鲜食物 fresh food 205 00:22:44,069 --> 00:22:50,043 脂肪含量丰富，体型又巨大，使得龟成为船上最好的供给 Their rich fat, their giant size made tortoises perfect for the ship's larder 206 00:22:55,004 --> 00:22:59,071 在两百年内，有超过二十万只被掠走 In 200 years 207 00:22:56,071 --> 00:23:00,091 over 200,000 were taken 208 00:23:01,048 --> 00:23:04,085 在一些岛上，龟已经销声匿迹了 On some islands tortoises were completely wiped out 209 00:23:09,092 --> 00:23:12,055 悲中有喜的是 But out of the tragedy came some good 210 00:23:15,062 --> 00:23:18,013 随着更多的人来到加纳帕戈斯 As more people came to Galapagos 211 00:23:18,033 --> 00:23:21,053 岛屿的位置开始变得更清楚 a clearer picture of the islands began to appear 212 00:23:23,013 --> 00:23:24,097 每一座岛屿都取了名字 Each got its own name 213 00:23:26,074 --> 00:23:29,060 一些地方仍然被认为是非常可怕的 Some parts were still deemed infernal 214 00:23:32,017 --> 00:23:36,021 另一些地方则用于抛锚 But others had sheltered places to anchor 215 00:23:34,082 --> 00:23:39,027 or a few trees - vital timber for repairing ships 216 00:23:36,054 --> 00:23:38,095 或者提供修船的关键原料，木材 217 00:23:46,055 --> 00:23:51,079 尽管仍然被认为被施了魔法，但地图上的轮廓已经越来越清楚 Though still enchanted, the islands took on more recognizable shapes, 218 00:23:51,079 --> 00:23:54,016 所标注的位置也越来越精确了 More accurately fixed on a map 219 00:24:04,044 --> 00:24:07,088 是该了解这些岛屿了 It was a start of coming to understand them 220 00:24:46,008 --> 00:24:48,028 当雄伟的贝格尔号 When His Majesty's Ship Beagle reached the Galapagos on the 15, Sep. 1835 221 00:24:48,028 --> 00:24:52,059 1835年9月15号抵达加纳帕戈斯的时候 222 00:24:52,099 --> 00:24:56,036 这是他返程前最后一分钟的停留 It was a last minute stop before a long journey home 223 00:24:58,073 --> 00:25:02,020 这艘给南美洲绘制地图的船，已经在海上航行了三年多 She had been charting the coast of south America for more than 3 years 224 00:25:03,020 --> 00:25:05,017 现在还有五星期的时间 She now had just 5 weeks to make a modern and accurate map of this little known outpost 225 00:25:05,017 --> 00:25:09,007 来给这些不为人知的岛屿绘制一张精确的现代地图 226 00:25:13,084 --> 00:25:17,001 但这次并非又一次普普通通的着陆 But this was much more than just another landfall 227 00:25:17,088 --> 00:25:20,055 历史的进程将因此而改变 It was to change the course of history 228 00:25:27,009 --> 00:25:30,013 在船上是博物学家查尔斯·达尔文 On board, was naturalist Charles Darwin 229 00:25:31,003 --> 00:25:34,030 不是我们熟悉的那个睿智、蓄着花白大胡子的达尔文 not the wise, grey beareded Darwin we know so well but young, impressionable, just 26 230 00:25:34,076 --> 00:25:38,003 而是年轻、敏感、才26岁的达尔文 231 00:25:50,068 --> 00:25:54,005 他起初看到这个地方，让人望而却步 At first, he saw the place much as those before him 232 00:25:55,075 --> 00:26:00,096 没有什么比这更荒凉、更可怕的了 Nothing could be less inviting 233 00:25:58,029 --> 00:26:00,083 Nothing more rough and horrid 234 00:26:02,026 --> 00:26:06,039 漆黑的岩石，被悬在正空的太阳晒的滚烫 The black rocks heated by the rays of the vertical sun give to the air a closer sultry feeling 235 00:26:07,016 --> 00:26:10,057 空气因此也变得无比地闷热 236 00:26:12,020 --> 00:26:13,070 如同烤炉一样 like a stove 237 00:26:15,084 --> 00:26:18,061 但很快，他就有所发现 But he soon began to see more 238 00:26:21,098 --> 00:26:26,082 他脚下坚硬的地面仿佛昨天才刚形成 The very ground on which he was walking seemed solidified only yesterday 239 00:26:39,023 --> 00:26:45,053 像是大海在最汹涌澎湃的时候凝固了 It looks like the sea petrified in its most boisterous moments 240 00:26:48,070 --> 00:26:50,094 在贝格尔号，他一直埋头 On the Beagle, his head had been buried in a new and controversial book, called 'Principles of Geology' 241 00:26:50,094 --> 00:26:54,091 在读一本浮游争议的新书，《地质学原理》 242 00:26:55,044 --> 00:26:58,081 这本书描述了物质世界在自然力的作用下 which described a physical world constantly changing molded by nature's forces 243 00:26:58,081 --> 00:27:00,085 永远处在不断的变化中 244 00:27:02,048 --> 00:27:07,039 就在几星期前，在南美洲他遇到了一场地震 And just weeks before, in South America he had been caught in an earthquake 245 00:27:15,063 --> 00:27:18,063 他所读的和所经历的激发了他的灵感 Inspired by what he had read and experienced 246 00:27:19,017 --> 00:27:21,080 年轻而富有想象力的心灵激发了他的热情 fired up by a young and fertile mind 247 00:27:22,024 --> 00:27:25,067 他看到了一个完全不同的加纳帕戈斯 He was opening his eyes to a very different Galapagos 248 00:27:28,008 --> 00:27:31,088 在别人认为是一个阴森可怕，一成不变的地方 Where others had seen it as hellish, ancient and unchanging 249 00:27:32,091 --> 00:27:35,088 查尔斯·达尔文却看到了一个全新的世界 Charles Darwin saw a brand-new land 250 00:27:36,068 --> 00:27:41,079 这个世界就是由一种至今仍然活跃着的力量所创造 made fresh from the depths of the ocean by forces still very alive today right beneath him 251 00:27:43,029 --> 00:27:44,096 在他脚下 252 00:27:52,057 --> 00:27:54,000 他是对的 He was right. 253 00:27:55,004 --> 00:28:00,007 在西边，费尔南迪纳岛的正下面是一个火山热点 In the west, right under the island of Fernandina is a volcanic hotspot 254 00:28:06,001 --> 00:28:10,045 在这里，岛屿一个接一个地诞生 Here, constantly, islands are being born 255 00:28:13,005 --> 00:28:17,033 但他没有看到的是，当岛屿诞生之后 But what he couldn't see 256 00:28:15,005 --> 00:28:21,029 was that as each island is created, it is carried off that hotspot on shifting oceanic plates 257 00:28:17,066 --> 00:28:21,096 它们就在漂移的大洋板块上被送离火山热点 258 00:28:22,036 --> 00:28:24,057 犹如被放置在传输带上 as though on a conveyer belt 259 00:28:27,074 --> 00:28:30,071 岛屿在缓慢地移动，每年几英寸 They move slowly, a couple of inches a year 260 00:28:31,064 --> 00:28:35,041 但在地质学上，这种速度是相当惊人的 But in geological terms, that is staggeringly fast 261 00:28:37,031 --> 00:28:42,028 从达尔文发现时到现在，它们已经向东南方向移动了35英尺 Since Darwin saw them, they have now moved about 35 feet further to the southeast 262 00:28:57,077 --> 00:29:01,037 当贝格尔号按计划穿过加纳帕戈斯群岛时 As HMS Beagle moved methodically through the archipelago 263 00:29:01,084 --> 00:29:05,094 达尔文不知道这些，它们正在绘制地图的岛屿正在移动 Darwin had no idea that the islands they were mapping were moving 264 00:29:07,031 --> 00:29:09,078 他也不知道这种移动多么重要 or how important that movement was 265 00:29:14,042 --> 00:29:17,059 随着岛屿不断地移动，它们也发生了变化 As the islands go on their journey, they change 266 00:29:18,025 --> 00:29:20,072 它们变得不再那样地可怕 They become a touch less infernal 267 00:29:22,019 --> 00:29:25,099 一些开始出现绿色，另一些变得平坦而干燥 Some turn green 268 00:29:23,016 --> 00:29:25,005 Others become flat and dry 269 00:29:31,013 --> 00:29:35,037 每座岛屿都随着稍有温差的洋流漂移 Each is also carried into a slightly different mix of ocean currents 270 00:29:35,077 --> 00:29:38,061 英尺每座岛屿都各有稍异的气候 and so gets a slightly different climate 271 00:29:41,081 --> 00:29:46,005 结果是每座岛屿都拥有了独一无二的特点 The result is that each island ends up with its own unique character 272 00:29:49,092 --> 00:29:54,072 贝格尔号经过一座最遥远的岛屿，原来也是最独特的 One of the most remote islands the Beagle passed is also the most unusual 273 00:29:55,099 --> 00:29:58,043 在遥远的东北方向是热诺维萨岛 In the far northeast is Genovesa 274 00:30:00,033 --> 00:30:03,013 岛上熔岩覆盖，偏僻而荒芜 remote, barren, lava-clad 275 00:30:03,077 --> 00:30:06,047 有上百万只海鸟在此筑巢 and home to a million seabirds 276 00:30:09,000 --> 00:30:11,087 这些鸟在遥远的太平洋上觅食 The birds forage far out in the Pacific Ocean 277 00:30:11,087 --> 00:30:15,024 但是每天在躲过军舰鸟的四面夹击后 but every day once they run the gauntlet of frigate birds 278 00:30:15,024 --> 00:30:18,051 它们便返回到碎石堆，回到它们的巢穴 they return to this battered rock, to their nests 279 00:30:26,079 --> 00:30:28,029 在悬崖峭壁的后面 Behind the cliff 280 00:30:28,029 --> 00:30:32,009 适当的熔岩冷却到适当的温度 just the right type of lava has cooled in just the right way 281 00:30:32,039 --> 00:30:35,043 正好形成一座由无数狭小的隧道和裂缝组成的迷宫 to form a labyrinth of tiny tubes and cracks 282 00:30:35,043 --> 00:30:39,040 其大小刚好能让加纳帕戈斯海燕钻进来 into the perfect size for Galapagos storm petrels 283 00:30:44,084 --> 00:30:48,021 没有人知道它们是怎样知道哪一个石缝是它们的巢 Nobody knows how they find which crack is theirs 284 00:30:48,021 --> 00:30:51,051 当它们往地面俯冲之后，便开始逆风飞行 But as they swoop over the ground they turn upwind 285 00:30:52,008 --> 00:30:54,092 看起来它们是嗅着气味回家的 so it's thought they smell their way home 286 00:31:04,033 --> 00:31:07,030 不管是怎样找到回家的路，这都已经是奇迹了 However they find their way it's a miracle 287 00:31:07,096 --> 00:31:11,033 一路从东太平洋的中部飞回到一只小小的蛋所在的地方 From the middle of the Pacific to a single tiny egg 288 00:31:21,061 --> 00:31:24,078 但是，也就是现在，是它们最容易受到攻击的时候 But it's just now that they are most vulnerable 289 00:31:31,012 --> 00:31:32,079 这是一只短耳猫头鹰 A short-eared owl 290 00:31:37,043 --> 00:31:39,076 海燕在空中的飞行速度很快 The petrels are too quick in the air 291 00:31:39,076 --> 00:31:43,060 猫头鹰体型由于太大，无法一路追踪到海燕狭窄的洞穴里面 and the owl too big to follow them deep inside their tiny tunnels 292 00:31:43,080 --> 00:31:47,074 所以猫头鹰的办法是，在海燕进出洞穴的时候出击 So its best chance is to grab a bird coming in or out 293 00:32:04,075 --> 00:32:09,076 首先，猫头鹰用它锐利的眼光观察到一个活动的洞穴的入口 First, it uses its sharp eyesight to spot an entrance to an active burrow 294 00:32:15,003 --> 00:32:19,063 它并不马上追踪海燕，而是飞到海燕洞穴的外面 It doesn't go for a petrel straight away 295 00:32:17,083 --> 00:32:20,072 but positions itself just outside 296 00:32:29,011 --> 00:32:32,068 它像猫一样，悄悄地接近猎物 It creeps closer, more cat than owl 297 00:32:37,039 --> 00:32:38,075 它全神贯注 It listens 298 00:33:05,041 --> 00:33:06,085 海燕飞走了 It gets away 299 00:33:09,052 --> 00:33:11,055 但是它受到了惊吓 but the petrel is stunned 300 00:33:12,085 --> 00:33:15,099 猫头鹰盯着它企图回去下面 The owl spots it trying to get back underground 301 00:33:37,011 --> 00:33:40,085 另一只猫头鹰看到了，它想要抢走猎物 A second owl is watching but now makes a challenge 302 00:33:50,032 --> 00:33:52,056 它只能自己捕食了 It'll have to hunt for itself 303 00:34:05,014 --> 00:34:09,011 猫头鹰勉强才钻进洞穴的入口 It can just squeeze into the entrance hall of one of the tunnels 304 00:34:09,071 --> 00:34:14,022 现在它等着海燕进洞 Now it waits for a petrel coming in 305 00:34:38,017 --> 00:34:41,008 在其他岛屿也有短耳猫头鹰 There are short-eared owls on other islands but only on Genovesa have they learnt to hunt like this 306 00:34:41,008 --> 00:34:44,091 但只有在热诺维萨岛才有以这种方式捕食的种类 307 00:34:49,098 --> 00:34:54,099 似乎地图上每座岛屿都有同样奇特的故事 And it seems that every island on the map has a similarly strange story to tell 308 00:34:59,093 --> 00:35:04,037 加纳帕戈斯以这些行动缓慢的巨龟命名是由道理的 It's not surprising the Galapagos are named after these lumbering giants 309 00:35:04,087 --> 00:35:08,087 乌龟巨大的圆顶屋状的壳看起来就像它们栖息的这座岛 Their great dome shells look just like the islands they inhabit 310 00:35:10,071 --> 00:35:14,068 那些常年下雨的高海拔岛屿，有时生长着特别茂盛的草木 Those islands high enough to catch rain can be surprisingly lush 311 00:35:15,034 --> 00:35:17,061 在这里，圆形龟壳有利于乌龟 Here, the round shells are perfect for budging through the undergrowth without getting snagged 312 00:35:17,061 --> 00:35:21,035 完美地从树枝下挤过而不给缠住 313 00:35:25,055 --> 00:35:29,012 但是，在其他低海拔的岛屿几乎从不下雨 But on other lower islands there's almost no rain 314 00:35:30,019 --> 00:35:33,006 这里的乌龟显得非常的不同 And here, the tortoises look very different 315 00:35:39,060 --> 00:35:42,077 它们的龟壳前部呈现出一种曲线形的拱状结构 They have shells with a curved arch at the front that looks just like a Spanish saddle or Galapagos 316 00:35:43,004 --> 00:35:46,067 外表真的很像“加纳帕戈”即西班牙语里的“马鞍” 317 00:35:47,068 --> 00:35:51,011 事实上，岛屿正是以这种龟命名的 The islands were actually named after these tortoises 318 00:35:53,048 --> 00:35:55,072 这里的乌龟在地面上吃不到什么东西 Here there's so little to eat on the ground 319 00:35:55,072 --> 00:36:00,015 所以他们只有伸长脖子才能够得着美味的植物 that they need to stretch their necks to reach more suckling vegetation 320 00:36:05,003 --> 00:36:08,086 拱状形的龟壳不会妨碍乌龟把脖子伸得特别长 The curved arch in their shells allows for that extra stretch 321 00:36:15,044 --> 00:36:20,011 在加纳帕戈斯的其他岛屿上，生命呈现出不同的演变进程 On different islands, Galapagos life is taking a different course 322 00:36:23,044 --> 00:36:26,018 然而，那时达尔文并没有意识到 As yet, Darwin was unaware of it 323 00:36:27,092 --> 00:36:33,052 但随着贝格尔号从一座岛屿开到另一座 达尔文把握了每一次上岸的机会 But as the Beagle hopped from island to island he took any opportunity to go ashore 324 00:36:34,096 --> 00:36:39,053 在弗若里安南岛，邮局海湾的沙滩上遇到 On the island of Floreana he was met on the beach at Post Office Bay 325 00:36:39,076 --> 00:36:43,023 加纳帕戈斯有史以来第一批移民的总督 by a governor of the first ever settlement in the Galapagos, an Englishman called Lawson 326 00:36:43,023 --> 00:36:45,043 英国人罗森 327 00:36:48,050 --> 00:36:51,071 罗森讲述了关于加纳帕戈斯生物的奇特现象 Lawson's tales of the strange Galapagos life 328 00:36:51,071 --> 00:36:55,051 激发了达尔文深入岛屿进行考察的兴趣 encouraged Darwin to go deep into the interior of the islands 329 00:36:57,045 --> 00:37:00,015 他每到一处都要采集标本 And wherever he went, he collected 330 00:37:42,016 --> 00:37:46,013 他见到了乌龟，但只见到那种由圆顶屋形龟壳的乌龟 He saw the tortoises, though only the dome shelled kind 331 00:37:46,039 --> 00:37:48,053 因而他并没有发现龟壳形状的秘密 so didn't see their secret 332 00:37:53,043 --> 00:37:58,087 他看到了长着不同喙的小鸟，但没有想到它们都属于雀科 He saw the little birds with their different beaks but didn't guess they were all finches 333 00:37:59,024 --> 00:38:02,008 他把一只小鸟叫做“乌鸫”，另一只叫做“鹪鹩” He called one a black bird another a wren 334 00:38:04,068 --> 00:38:07,092 还有一种叫做“嘲鸟” There was anothe bird too, the mockingbird 335 00:38:08,038 --> 00:38:13,002 这种嘲鸟好像和南美洲的嘲鸟是近亲，但又有着某种差异 He'd seen them in South America but these were somehow different 336 00:38:13,079 --> 00:38:17,073 现在他还不知道这种差异有何意义 For now he had no idea how important that difference would be 337 00:38:25,007 --> 00:38:29,000 随着达尔文越来越深入岛屿的中心地带 As Darwin went further and further into the heart of the islands 338 00:38:29,000 --> 00:38:33,047 他看到了从未有博物学家看过的景象 He found a sight to Galapagos that no naturalist had seen before 339 00:38:48,039 --> 00:38:53,073 在弗洛雷阿纳岛和桑地亚哥岛的高地上，他都发现了神奇的森林 In the highlands of Floreana and Santiego he found enchanted forests 340 00:39:07,017 --> 00:39:10,095 在极少数的地方，他发现了淡水 And in a handful of places he found freshwater 341 00:39:12,091 --> 00:39:16,035 方圆600英里内唯一的淡水资源 the only freshwater for 600 miles 342 00:39:18,062 --> 00:39:21,002 鸭子在里面戏水 Ducks dabble as though in a park 343 00:39:22,042 --> 00:39:25,013 乌龟在厚厚的火山泥泞中嬉戏打滚 Tortoises wallow in thick volcanic mud 344 00:39:29,083 --> 00:39:33,070 军舰鸟从外面残酷的世界来这里饮水 Frigatebirds come from the harsh world outside to drink 345 00:39:46,068 --> 00:39:51,035 这不是什么地狱，而是人间的伊甸园 This is no hell on earth but garden of Eden 346 00:39:57,022 --> 00:40:00,009 达尔文问了自己一个关键的问题 Darwin asked himself the crucial question 347 00:40:02,076 --> 00:40:08,030 “为什么这些小鸟孕育了如此奇异而独特的生命？” Why are these small islands blessed with such strange and unique life? 348 00:40:13,077 --> 00:40:16,041 然而就在距离真相仅几步之遥时 But just a breath away from revelation 349 00:40:16,071 --> 00:40:20,001 达尔文却只能随船离开，从此一去不返 Darwin was taken away never to return 350 00:40:22,042 --> 00:40:26,002 1835年10月20日傍晚 At sunset on the 20, October, 1835 351 00:40:26,052 --> 00:40:30,006 贝格尔号启航前往塔希提岛之后便返回了出发地 The Beagle set sail for Tahiti and then home 352 00:40:34,046 --> 00:40:36,026 然而，损失只是一部分 But all was now lost 353 00:40:37,003 --> 00:40:40,067 神奇的岛屿已经施了魔法 the enchanted islands had cast their spell 354 00:41:10,097 --> 00:41:15,030 达尔文离开加纳帕戈斯不久之后就开始有了重要发现 No sooner had Darwin left the Galapagos than he began to see the truth 355 00:41:18,001 --> 00:41:21,098 在他长时间对采集的标本进行分类的时候 As he spent the long hours at sea sorting through his collections 356 00:41:21,098 --> 00:41:25,001 一种标本突然引起了他的注意 one specimen suddenly caught his attention 357 00:41:25,001 --> 00:41:28,028 不是巨龟，不是雀鸟，而是嘲鸟 not tortoise, not finch, but mockingbird 358 00:41:31,099 --> 00:41:35,036 我在四个不同的岛上都采集了标本 I have specimens from 4 different islands 359 00:41:36,012 --> 00:41:40,086 在两座岛上的看起来一样，但另两座却不一样 On 2 islands they appear the same the other 2 they are different 360 00:41:41,043 --> 00:41:45,063 在一座岛上的种类，在另一个岛上是不能找到的 In each island, each kind is exclusively found 361 00:41:47,050 --> 00:41:50,000 岛屿不同，嘲鸟也不同 Different islands within sight of each other have different mockingbirds 362 00:41:50,000 --> 00:41:51,084 它们的羽毛与都其他岛上的略有差异 with slightly different feather and like the finches slightly different beaks 363 00:41:51,084 --> 00:41:56,078 如同雀科鸟一样，它们的喙也都各有特点 364 00:41:59,008 --> 00:42:02,082 达尔文现在想起了罗森总督说起过的一件事 Darwin now remembered something governor Lawson had told him about tortoises 365 00:42:03,032 --> 00:42:06,052 总督说自己能分辨出哪一只乌龟来自哪一座岛屿 He claimed to could tell which island the tortoise came from just by the shape of its shell 366 00:42:06,052 --> 00:42:08,079 仅凭龟壳的形状就可以 367 00:42:09,039 --> 00:42:11,099 岛屿不同龟也不同 Different island, different tortoise, same thing 368 00:42:12,063 --> 00:42:13,099 道理相同 369 00:42:15,000 --> 00:42:18,010 他从加纳帕戈斯壮观的风景中 He had seen from the dramatic Galapagos landscape that the islands were constantly changing 370 00:42:18,010 --> 00:42:20,093 看出了这些岛屿都在不断地变化 371 00:42:22,030 --> 00:42:24,084 那么有没有可能，生物也在变化？ Could living things be changing too? 372 00:42:27,014 --> 00:42:29,061 他的遐想穿越时空 He began to see back through time 373 00:42:31,088 --> 00:42:36,098 我仿佛看到了天地造物的过程 I fancied myself brought near to the very act of creation 374 00:42:38,045 --> 00:42:44,059 他看到了加纳帕戈斯在海底喷发的火山烈焰中诞生 He saw that the Galapagos had been born of fire, sterome from the depths of the ocean 375 00:42:41,096 --> 00:42:44,059 那时毫无生机 376 00:42:45,066 --> 00:42:48,036 然而生命却从别处而来 but life had then come from elsewhere 377 00:42:52,067 --> 00:42:54,094 先是出现在与世隔绝的加纳帕戈斯的一个岛上 In isolation on the Galapagos 378 00:42:56,050 --> 00:42:59,071 接着出现在一个又一个的其他岛上 and then further isolation from island to island 379 00:43:00,047 --> 00:43:03,058 生命的形态从一种变为另一种 it had changed one form into another 380 00:43:10,095 --> 00:43:14,096 达尔文在刹那间看见了加纳帕戈斯最大的秘密 Darwin had caught a fleeting glimpse of Galapagos' great secret 381 00:43:15,059 --> 00:43:21,096 新的植物，新的动物——新的生命，正在由岛屿本身创造 New plants, new animals, new life was being made by the islands themselves 382 00:43:25,090 --> 00:43:29,007 他在其他的物种里寻找同样的形态 He looked for the same pattern in other species 383 00:43:31,027 --> 00:43:34,061 有一天，这种小雀鸟将以他命名 One day, the little finches would be named after him 384 00:43:34,061 --> 00:43:38,071 但尽管他采集了那个时代最好的有完整喙系列的标本 but though he had the best collection to date with a whole range of different beaks 385 00:43:39,071 --> 00:43:43,005 但仍然无法分辨哪只雀鸟来自哪座岛 He hadn't thought to label which islands they came from 386 00:43:43,005 --> 00:43:45,039 因此，现在这些标本还没什么用 So for now, they couldn't help 387 00:43:50,036 --> 00:43:55,046 至于那些巨龟，带到船上的有四五十只成年龟 And as for the tortoises, 45 adults were brought aboard the Beagle 388 00:43:55,080 --> 00:43:58,000 但是，所有龟都被吃掉 but every one had been eaten 389 00:43:58,030 --> 00:44:01,070 龟壳也扔在大海里了，再也无法找到了 Their shells thrown over board lost for ever 390 00:44:05,057 --> 00:44:10,091 达尔文不能回去，他永远无法知晓雀鸟的喙 Unable to return, Darwin would never know the true story of the finches' beaks and the tortoises' shells 391 00:44:10,091 --> 00:44:12,088 和巨龟的壳所隐藏的秘密 392 00:44:14,031 --> 00:44:19,022 然而在嘲鸟身上，他发现了进化的蛛丝马迹 But in the mockingbirds he had caught a glimpse of evolution 393 00:44:25,006 --> 00:44:29,053 1859年，离开加纳帕戈斯24年后 In 1859, 24 years after leaving the Galapagos 394 00:44:30,026 --> 00:44:33,090 查尔斯·达尔文的《物种起源》终于面世了 Charles Darwin's 'Origin of Species' was finally published 395 00:44:34,087 --> 00:44:37,050 这本书永远地改变了世界 It changed the world for ever 396 00:44:38,067 --> 00:44:43,011 直到临终他都一直坚信 Until the end of his days, he always held on to one certainty 397 00:44:43,091 --> 00:44:48,065 荒岛加纳帕戈斯是他所有思想的起源 that the lonely Galapagos islands were the origin of all his views, the origin of 'The Origin of Species' 398 00:44:49,032 --> 00:44:52,015 是《物种起源》的起源 399 00:45:21,001 --> 00:45:26,082 巨龟给古代的水手流下了如此深刻的印象 以至他们就把整座岛屿以它命名 Giant tortoises so impressed the ancient mariners that they named these islands after them 400 00:45:32,019 --> 00:45:35,020 龟肉成为海盗供给物的来源 Their fat flesh fuels the pirate's plunder 401 00:45:39,023 --> 00:45:42,090 在龟壳里隐藏着解开地球上最大的秘密的线索 In their shells is a clue to the greatest mystery on earth 402 00:45:47,081 --> 00:45:50,058 但是对龟而言，生活却是如此简单 But for a tortoise, life is simple 403 00:45:55,095 --> 00:46:00,079 刚刚下了一场雨，它们便爬到阿尔塞多火山峰顶绿油油的草地上 The recent rain draws them to the green meadows on the summit of Alcedo volcano 404 00:46:01,015 --> 00:46:04,059 不仅为了吃那里丰盛的草，也为了繁衍后代 not just for the lush grazing but to breed 405 00:46:37,069 --> 00:46:39,063 雄龟在向雌龟求爱 He tries to seduce her 406 00:46:44,000 --> 00:46:45,070 极尽所能 everything in time 407 00:46:54,078 --> 00:46:59,015 这种求爱仪式可能会令人想到“永恒”两个字 This age old ritual may remind us of permanence 408 00:47:01,095 --> 00:47:04,095 然而，这是大错特错了 but that couldn't be further from the truth 409 00:47:11,009 --> 00:47:15,090 巨龟的后代可能会长有与前代有一点点不同的龟壳 The offspring of these tortoises may have a slightly different shell 410 00:47:16,020 --> 00:47:20,047 这将使它们在岛上的生存能力更强一点 that gives them a slightly better chance of surviving on their island 411 00:47:23,030 --> 00:47:28,078 连这些行动如此缓慢，寿命如此长的动物也在发生变化 Even these animals that move so slow, and live so long are changing 412 00:47:32,048 --> 00:47:37,095 从我们第一次来到这些岛上到现在，我们对它们的了解也发生了变化 Since people first came to these islands our understanding of them has changed too 413 00:47:40,009 --> 00:47:43,002 加纳帕戈斯并非地狱 The Galapagos is not hell on earth 414 00:47:42,016 --> 00:47:50,083 but a vibrant, living demonstration of evolution of life 415 00:47:43,069 --> 00:47:48,060 它是生命进化最活生生的例子 416 00:47:54,053 --> 00:47:58,024 在这里，在这与世隔绝的小世界中 Here on this little world within itself 417 00:47:58,077 --> 00:48:02,028 我们仿佛更加接近那个伟大的事实 we seem to be brought somewhat closer to the great fact 418 00:48:03,024 --> 00:48:05,055 最大的秘密 that mystery of all mysteries 419 00:48:06,061 --> 00:48:11,015 地球上首次的新生命的诞生 the first appearance of new beings on this earth 420 00:48:17,026 --> 00:48:19,023 在下一集中 In the next episode 421 00:48:19,023 --> 00:48:24,090 我们将共同探索加纳帕戈斯的生命形态是怎样被自然的力量所左右 we discover how life in Galapagos is driven by elemental forces of change 422 00:48:26,017 --> 00:48:28,090 过去的、现在的、还有未来的 Past, present and future 423 00:48:30,009 --> 00:48:37,020 Transcription by Andrew & Hattie