1 00:00:17,048 --> 00:00:19,078 西经90度 90 degrees west 2 00:00:23,059 --> 00:00:25,042 南纬1度 1 degree south 3 00:00:34,010 --> 00:00:37,030 一个隐藏在太平洋中的世界 A world lost in the vastness of the Pacific 4 00:00:49,018 --> 00:00:51,085 它是最奇异的动植物的乐园 Home to the strangest life imaginable 5 00:00:55,065 --> 00:00:58,045 被大自然威力无比的力量所控制 Governed by nature's brutal forces 6 00:01:26,068 --> 00:01:31,055 这些岛屿改变了我们对地球生命的理解 Islands which have transformed our understanding of life on earth 7 00:01:50,054 --> 00:01:52,038 【 加 纳 帕 戈 斯 群 岛 】 Galapagos lies remote, 600 miles off the coast of South America 8 00:01:53,018 --> 00:01:55,048 位于南美洲海岸600英里处 9 00:01:56,071 --> 00:01:58,048 横跨赤道 astride the Equator 10 00:02:06,052 --> 00:02:12,050 分散着13座主岛，100多座小岛、礁石和暗礁 a scattering of 13 main islands with more than 100 islets, rocks and reefs 11 00:02:25,061 --> 00:02:28,004 每座岛屿都有自己的特点 Each island has its own character 12 00:02:31,005 --> 00:02:34,022 有些覆盖着森林，隐藏着形形色色的生物 Some are cloaked in forest concealing life. 13 00:02:44,083 --> 00:02:49,033 有些是弥漫着滚滚浓烟的巨岛，崎岖、险峻 Others, smouldering giants, rugged and austere 14 00:02:52,034 --> 00:02:53,097 海盗的藏匿之处 home to pirates, 15 00:02:59,061 --> 00:03:01,061 巨型蜥蜴的巢穴 lair of dragons 16 00:03:11,065 --> 00:03:14,026 这里的一切奇怪生物 All are the creation of one of the strangest features found anywhere on our planet 17 00:03:14,026 --> 00:03:17,026 都是大自然鬼斧神工的杰作 18 00:03:26,082 --> 00:03:30,086 『 烈 火 中 诞 生 』 19 00:03:41,032 --> 00:03:43,099 加纳帕戈斯群岛绝不是普通的岛屿 Galapagos are no ordinary islands 20 00:03:47,019 --> 00:03:49,069 一个神秘的史前世界 a mysterious prehistoric world 21 00:04:05,067 --> 00:04:09,001 一处深刻影像了人类生活的风景 a landscape that profoundly influences life 22 00:04:27,023 --> 00:04:31,017 这些岛屿笔直地插在地球的心脏 These islands are plumbed directly into the heart of the earth 23 00:04:36,031 --> 00:04:43,008 一块超热的巨石，俨然从数百英里之深的地壳里直冲上地面 An artery of superheated rock rises to the surface from hundreds of miles beneath the crust 24 00:04:49,009 --> 00:04:51,005 它就是火山热点 It's a volcanic hotspot 25 00:05:04,017 --> 00:05:06,034 加纳帕戈斯群岛即使在波涛之下 Galapagos constantly simmers even beneath the waves 26 00:05:08,064 --> 00:05:10,061 也永远处于沸腾状态 27 00:05:19,018 --> 00:05:24,025 这些细小的气泡是帮助我们解开这座岛屿诞生之谜的关键线索 These tiny bubbles of gas give a vital clue to the genesis of the islands 28 00:05:33,043 --> 00:05:35,097 海烟囱就像压力活门 Sea vents are like pressure valves releasing growing tension from chambers of molten rock beneath the crust. 29 00:05:37,000 --> 00:05:40,047 从地壳下面的熔岩室不断释放能量 30 00:05:47,084 --> 00:05:53,012 但是，如果压力过大，岩浆就会到达喷发点 But if the pressure gets too much this magma reaches bursting point 31 00:06:07,036 --> 00:06:12,003 加纳帕戈斯最大的火山——席格内格拉 The largest of all the Galapagos volcanos - Sierra Negra 32 00:06:12,064 --> 00:06:16,061 最近爆发了，浓烟笼罩了天空7英里 recently blew smoke and ash 7 miles into the sky 33 00:06:57,091 --> 00:07:01,072 这里唯一的河是流淌着炙热的 The only rivers here are rivers of red hot rock at a scorching 1100 degrees Celsius 34 00:07:02,055 --> 00:07:05,062 岩浆的河，温度达到摄氏1100度 35 00:07:19,007 --> 00:07:23,041 加纳帕戈斯是地球上火山最多的地方之一 Galapagos is one of the most volcanic places on earth 36 00:07:27,024 --> 00:07:30,088 火山热点在这里已经活跃了几百万年 The hotspot has been active for millions of years 37 00:07:32,031 --> 00:07:34,078 形成了一个又一个的岛屿 building island after island 38 00:07:41,026 --> 00:07:43,013 但不是解释这些岛屿如何诞生 But it's not just how these islands are born 39 00:07:44,029 --> 00:07:47,083 而是这些岛屿诞生的地方，使得加纳帕戈斯如此与众不同 but where they're born that makes Galapagos so special 40 00:07:52,053 --> 00:07:55,057 这里汇集了的四大主要洋流 They emerged at the crossroads of four ocean currents 41 00:07:56,057 --> 00:07:59,054 自太平洋各个角落流入 sweeping in from all corners of the Pacific 42 00:08:04,035 --> 00:08:07,025 寒流和暖流的交互作用 This interplay of warm and cold currents generates an extraordinary diversity of marine life 43 00:08:07,055 --> 00:08:11,025 产生了极其丰富的海洋生命 44 00:08:20,026 --> 00:08:25,027 500多种的鱼类，值得这里成为最大的浮游生物圈 Over 500 species of fish make the most of these plankton-rich waters 45 00:08:26,090 --> 00:08:30,041 生活在这里的鱼类，比如这些班棘粘鱼 Among them, residents like these barnacle blennies 46 00:08:34,091 --> 00:08:36,095 还有奇特的花园鳗 and strange garden eels 47 00:08:45,082 --> 00:08:50,086 甚至连喜欢到处寻找食物的槌头双髻鲨也大量聚集在此地 Even ocean travelers like scalloped hammerheads gather in huge numbers 48 00:08:56,027 --> 00:08:58,070 环绕加纳帕戈斯群岛的洋流 The converging currents that envelop Galapagos have also brought creatures to these shores from opposite ends of the Pacific 49 00:08:59,010 --> 00:09:03,081 也吸引了来自太平洋另一端的生物 50 00:09:17,025 --> 00:09:20,026 加纳帕戈斯海狮和加州海狮是近亲 Galapagos sea lions are related to Californian sea lions, they came here from the North 51 00:09:21,002 --> 00:09:23,026 他们来自北方 52 00:09:27,043 --> 00:09:32,090 在这里畅游的企鹅，它们的祖先来自遥远的南极 And from as far south as the Subantarctic swam the ancestors of these birds - Galapagos penguins 53 00:09:33,087 --> 00:09:35,054 加纳帕戈斯企鹅 54 00:09:45,045 --> 00:09:49,022 这里寒冷的水温，使它们在赤道地带能够存活 The cold waters here allow them to survive on the equator 55 00:09:56,079 --> 00:10:00,080 好像这样的鱼群为了躲避海洋中的捕食者 Fish shoals like these seek refuge from open ocean predators by keeping near the shoreline 56 00:10:01,040 --> 00:10:03,063 所以靠近海岸 57 00:10:04,097 --> 00:10:08,090 但在加纳帕戈斯群岛，这种策略非常危险 But in Galapagos, this strategy can be risky 58 00:10:11,094 --> 00:10:16,081 海岸线的水域是世界上最敏捷的捕猎者的狩猎区 The coastal margins are the feeding grounds for the most aerobatic hunters 59 00:10:19,082 --> 00:10:21,058 蓝脚鲣鸟 blue-footed boobies 60 00:10:24,049 --> 00:10:28,002 在鱼多的季节，它们聚集在一起，数以千计 When the fishing is good they gather in their thousands 61 00:10:33,083 --> 00:10:36,047 每一次的进攻，都伴随着尖厉的嘶叫 Piercing calls synchronize an assault 62 00:11:13,034 --> 00:11:17,021 每一次都是极速冲入水中 Plunging in unison overwhelms their prey 63 00:11:32,022 --> 00:11:35,096 蓝脚鲣鸟可以潜入水底3米 Blue-footed boobies can dive in waters just 3 feet deep 64 00:11:37,083 --> 00:11:40,030 但是越来越靠近海岸 But as they chase the shoals further in shore, they risk treacherous under currents and hidden rocks 65 00:11:41,020 --> 00:11:44,060 它们越有遭遇暗礁下的激流的危险 66 00:12:02,028 --> 00:12:05,055 但是，最大的危险来自汹涌的海浪 But the biggest hazard is the battering surf 67 00:12:31,071 --> 00:12:36,005 一旦翅膀被巨浪打折，就意味着缓慢而自然的死亡 A wing smashed by the breakers means slow and certain death 68 00:12:42,072 --> 00:12:45,053 沙蟹通常以素食为主 Ghost crabs normally sift the sand for food, but they always got an eye out for something meatier 69 00:12:46,040 --> 00:12:49,093 但有时它们也能吃到荤味 70 00:13:10,002 --> 00:13:14,069 对于水鸟类的生物来说，加纳帕戈斯群岛是一方乐土 For creatures of the sea and air Galapagos is a welcome sanctuary 71 00:13:18,026 --> 00:13:22,023 但是，这里的岛屿并非陆地生物所向往的目的地 But these islands are not a choice destination for land animals 72 00:13:26,037 --> 00:13:30,017 来到这里的，很可能是那些遭遇洪水的陆地生物 Those that came here were probably victims of flash floods 73 00:13:31,044 --> 00:13:34,084 随着浮在水中的树木从大陆漂移过来 swept out from the mainland on rafts of floating trees 74 00:13:38,011 --> 00:13:40,045 穿越600英里的海洋 crossing 600 miles of ocean with no food and no freshwater 75 00:13:42,005 --> 00:13:45,072 没有食物、没有淡水 76 00:13:50,029 --> 00:13:51,096 对于任何幸存者来说 For any survivor, landing in a place like this would be a daunting prospect 77 00:13:52,073 --> 00:13:56,090 来到这样的地方，又将面临着艰巨的生存考验 78 00:14:01,010 --> 00:14:07,008 费尔南迪纳岛是加纳帕戈斯诸岛 环境最恶劣、火山活动最活跃的岛屿 Fernandina is the harshest, most volcanically active of all the Galapagos islands, a lava scar giant 79 00:14:07,058 --> 00:14:09,048 一个熔岩 80 00:14:13,015 --> 00:14:16,032 这绝对是一座惊人的火山 This is a single monumental volcano with a caldera half a mile deep and nearly 4 miles wide 81 00:14:17,005 --> 00:14:18,059 喷口深半英里，宽约4英里 82 00:14:35,057 --> 00:14:40,001 在火山和大海相连的地方，生活着一种巨型蜥蜴 Where the volcano meets the sea dragons stir 83 00:14:51,079 --> 00:14:54,056 很难看出哪里是礁石，哪里是这种爬行动物 It's hard to tell reptile from rock 84 00:15:07,084 --> 00:15:10,097 这种生物难以在地球别处找到 These creatures are found nowhere else on earth 85 00:15:18,051 --> 00:15:23,012 黎明来临，这种冷血的海鬣蜥 At dawn, the cold-blooded iguanas thaw from the night's chill absorbing the heat of the equatorial sun 86 00:15:23,012 --> 00:15:25,095 便开始吸收赤道的阳光的热量 87 00:15:28,056 --> 00:15:32,096 当它们体温升高后，费尔南迪纳岛便开始热闹起来了 When they've warmed the coastline of Fernandina comes alive 88 00:15:37,043 --> 00:15:40,000 岛上食物稀缺 On this island, food is scarce 89 00:15:44,051 --> 00:15:49,011 找到食物唯一的途径似乎要通过自杀式的行为 and the only way to find it involves a mission that seems suicidal 90 00:16:06,076 --> 00:16:09,093 只有体积较大的成年海鬣蜥才敢跳下去 Only the larger adults dare to take the plunge 91 00:16:22,091 --> 00:16:25,038 海鬣蜥是蜥蜴中最强壮的种类 Marine iguanas are strong swimmers 92 00:16:26,078 --> 00:16:30,049 它们屏住一口气，就能轻松潜到海底30英尺处 With a single breath, they can comfortably dive to 30 feet 93 00:16:42,083 --> 00:16:48,007 所有的辛劳都是为了吃到冷水中 生长得非常茂盛的红海藻和绿海藻 And all this effort for red and green algae 94 00:16:46,068 --> 00:16:49,008 which thrive in the cold water 95 00:16:53,011 --> 00:16:55,095 海鬣蜥是世界上唯一能在海中生活的蜥蜴 Marine iguanas are the world's only sea lizards 96 00:16:56,095 --> 00:17:00,068 但是它们的祖先在被冲到加纳帕戈斯群岛的时候 But when their distant ancestors were washed ashore in Galapagos 97 00:17:00,088 --> 00:17:02,082 是陆地生物 they were land animals 98 00:17:04,032 --> 00:17:07,056 为了生存，才被迫到海洋中寻找食物 To survive, they were forced to tackle the ocean 99 00:17:16,046 --> 00:17:19,053 这只雄性海鬣蜥必须尽快浮出水面 This male must graze as quickly as he can 100 00:17:19,073 --> 00:17:23,041 在这种寒冷的水里，体温会急速下降 In these chilling waters, his body temperature falls fast 101 00:17:24,047 --> 00:17:27,094 10分钟是它能忍受的极限 a 10-minute dive is about the most he can manage before his muscles seize up 102 00:17:27,094 --> 00:17:30,011 否则肌肉就会破裂 103 00:17:46,063 --> 00:17:51,020 拼命游回岸边又是一件艰难的任务 Fighting the surge back to the shore is a Herculean task 104 00:18:04,005 --> 00:18:06,011 更糟糕的是 And to make matters worse, he must now run the gauntlet of sea lions 105 00:18:07,085 --> 00:18:11,065 它必须躲开海狮的纠缠 106 00:18:15,026 --> 00:18:18,003 海狮是海鬣蜥最不愿意碰到的东西 They are the last thing the iguana needs 107 00:18:24,033 --> 00:18:26,027 海狮并不存心伤害海鬣蜥 No harm is meant 108 00:18:26,027 --> 00:18:30,024 这不过是一场实力悬殊的“猫捉老鼠”游戏 it's nothing more than a rather one-sided game of cat and mouse 109 00:19:37,091 --> 00:19:41,024 海鬣蜥从食物中吸收了超量的盐分 Marine iguanas take in too much salt with their food 110 00:19:42,054 --> 00:19:46,051 但是借助特殊的分泌腺，可以挤出多余的盐分来 But with the help of special glands they sneeze it out 111 00:20:08,054 --> 00:20:12,007 它们欢迎这个本领高强的客人 They also welcome these resourceful visitors 112 00:20:17,098 --> 00:20:23,025 细纹方蟹喜欢替它们清理海藻寄生虫和坏死的皮肤 Sally light foot crabs like to groom them for algae, parasites and dead skin 113 00:20:34,063 --> 00:20:37,093 火蜥蜴是一种比海鬣蜥体型小很多的亲戚 Lava lizards, far smaller reptilian relatives 114 00:20:38,037 --> 00:20:42,070 有一种特殊的本领使得它们能够在这个恶劣的海岸环境生存下来 have found their own ingenious ways to get by on this fierce shoreline 115 00:20:50,061 --> 00:20:54,022 它们可以和海狮建立一种特殊的关系 They enjoy a special relationship with the sea lions 116 00:20:56,022 --> 00:21:00,022 火蜥蜴能够帮助海狮除掉非常讨厌的苍蝇 The lizards rid them of flies which can be a ticklish nuisance 117 00:21:20,001 --> 00:21:23,031 这只海狮和这只蜥蜴和睦相处 This sea lion accepts these predatory lizards 118 00:21:28,078 --> 00:21:30,022 双方都有利 - both benefit 119 00:21:40,003 --> 00:21:46,000 要想在这片火山荒原上生存，就必须抓住每一个机会 Survival depends on seizing every opportunity in this volcanic wasteland 120 00:21:49,070 --> 00:21:53,084 费尔南迪纳岛是加纳帕戈斯群岛中最年轻的 Fernandina is the youngest of all the main Galapagos islands 121 00:21:55,064 --> 00:22:00,042 岛龄可能才3万年 It may have raised its head above the waves as recently as 30,000 years ago 122 00:22:04,092 --> 00:22:09,082 位置刚好在群岛西边较远处的火山热点上 It sits right above the volcanic hotspot in the far west of the archipelago 123 00:22:11,066 --> 00:22:16,030 然而，为什么同样诞生在这片火山热点上的其他岛屿 But how is it that the other islands created at this same hotspot 124 00:22:16,036 --> 00:22:20,034 现在却分散在东边数百英里之外的地方？ are now scattered over hundreds of miles of ocean to the east 125 00:22:28,021 --> 00:22:30,035 所有的岛屿都在移动 All the islands are moving 126 00:22:35,088 --> 00:22:38,035 每一两年向东南方移动一寸 They're traveling southeast at an inch or two a year on a massive tectonic plate which continually slides over the hotspot 127 00:22:39,045 --> 00:22:44,013 在一块巨大的不断往热点偏移的地质板块上，每年从南往东前进 128 00:22:51,017 --> 00:22:54,037 自从诞生后便开始了移动 Their journey begins as soon as they are born 129 00:22:57,094 --> 00:23:00,088 它们醒来的时候，便诞生了新的岛屿 And in their wake, new islands emerge 130 00:23:07,052 --> 00:23:10,018 这就象一条地质输送带 It's like a geological conveyer belt 131 00:23:20,003 --> 00:23:24,037 所以，我们今天看到的加纳帕戈斯群岛只不过是时间的缩影 So the archipelago we see today is just a snapshot in time 132 00:23:25,093 --> 00:23:29,087 最古老的岛屿在东边，最年轻的在西边 The oldest islands are in the east the youngest in the west 133 00:23:33,041 --> 00:23:37,068 随着费尔南迪纳岛逐渐衰老，它也将被这条传送带送到 And as Fernandina ages, it will be carried on this conveyer belt to where the biggest of all the Galapagos islands currently resides 134 00:23:37,068 --> 00:23:41,088 目前加纳帕戈斯群岛最大的地方 135 00:23:44,052 --> 00:23:45,082 伊莎贝拉岛 - Isabela 136 00:23:47,042 --> 00:23:50,022 它的形状就像一只巨型的海马 It's shaped like a giant sea horse, almost 100 miles long with a backbone of volcanos 137 00:23:50,022 --> 00:23:53,043 长达100英里，火山像它的脊椎 138 00:23:59,000 --> 00:24:02,057 伊莎贝拉是加纳帕戈斯群岛中属于少年时期的岛屿 Isabela is a teenage Galapagos island nearing a million years old 139 00:24:02,057 --> 00:24:04,074 寿命接近100万年 140 00:24:05,044 --> 00:24:07,071 这段时间足够生命在这里发展 time enough for life to settle 141 00:24:13,041 --> 00:24:17,055 岛上广阔的寒冷地带高于海平面超过一英里 It's giant calderas still tower more than a mile above sea level and are draped in vegetation 142 00:24:18,009 --> 00:24:20,025 生长着大量的寒带植物 143 00:24:31,047 --> 00:24:34,010 虽然伊莎贝拉开始衰老 Although Isabela is softening with age it's still close enough to the hotspot to remain active 144 00:24:34,040 --> 00:24:37,091 但它仍然足够接近火山热点以保持生气 145 00:24:47,005 --> 00:24:50,082 在阿尔塞多岛火山的峰顶 On its summits, like here on Alcedo volcano live the most iconic of all Galapagos animals 146 00:24:51,042 --> 00:24:54,086 生活着加纳帕戈斯群岛最具代表性的动物 147 00:24:56,096 --> 00:25:00,016 它们的祖先早在数千万年前 Their ancient trails carved over tens of thousands of years scar the landscape 148 00:25:01,046 --> 00:25:03,016 就在这里留下了足迹 149 00:25:08,037 --> 00:25:09,094 巨龟 Giant tortoises 150 00:25:13,027 --> 00:25:19,058 它们是龟类中体型最大的，重量超过550磅 They are the largest of their kind in the world weighing up to 550 pounds 151 00:25:25,032 --> 00:25:27,069 水是岛上的稀缺资源 Water is a scarce resource on this island and giant tortoises can survive months without it 152 00:25:28,042 --> 00:25:31,069 而巨龟可以一个月不喝水 153 00:25:37,010 --> 00:25:38,037 但是在雨季 But during the wetter season they gather to quench their thirst among a scattering of freshwater pools 154 00:25:38,083 --> 00:25:43,037 它们会聚集在各个“淡水池”中集体解渴 155 00:25:46,094 --> 00:25:48,058 乌龟的绿洲 A tortoise oasis 156 00:25:52,041 --> 00:25:55,032 大约有5千只巨龟生活在阿尔塞多岛 Around 5000 live here on Alcedo it's the greatest concentration found anywhere in Galapagos 157 00:25:55,095 --> 00:25:58,015 这里是最大的乌龟集中地 158 00:26:12,060 --> 00:26:18,001 尽管乌龟由巨大的盔甲保护身体，它们非常容易感染 Despite their extensive body armor, 159 00:26:15,048 --> 00:26:21,018 tortoises are vulnerable to skin parasites which they are unable to remove themselves 160 00:26:18,027 --> 00:26:21,001 自己不能摆脱掉的皮肤寄生虫 161 00:26:21,028 --> 00:26:25,031 因此它们和小鸟建立非比寻常的关系 so that they've developed a remarkable relationship with finches 162 00:26:30,095 --> 00:26:34,089 当它们需要服务的时候，它们会缓慢地站起来 When they need service it's a sort of slow motion pit stop 163 00:26:54,084 --> 00:26:56,088 小鸟的盛宴 A finch eating frenzy 164 00:27:04,055 --> 00:27:09,006 这只巨龟的寿命可能达到150岁 This giant tortoise could live to be 150 years old 165 00:27:11,099 --> 00:27:14,099 在它活着的时候，它的岛屿伊莎贝拉 During his lifetime, the island he roams - Isabela will be transported about 20 feet southeast on the Galapagos conveyer belt 166 00:27:16,040 --> 00:27:21,037 将于加纳帕戈斯的移动带上偏移东南20英尺 167 00:27:23,091 --> 00:27:26,007 但是距离现在100万年后 But a million years from now that's about 6,000 tortoise lifetimes 168 00:27:26,024 --> 00:27:29,062 也就是6000只巨龟的总寿命 169 00:27:30,018 --> 00:27:34,062 伊莎贝拉岛将移到加纳帕戈斯岛的正中心 Isabela will be carried right to the heart of the Galapagos archipelago 170 00:27:35,045 --> 00:27:39,012 到达这些成熟的中年时期的岛屿所在的位置 to where these mature mid-aged islands now lie 171 00:27:44,049 --> 00:27:47,012 圣克鲁斯岛因为远离火山热点 Santa Cruz has been pulled so far from the hotspot, but its volcanos are now ancient ruins 172 00:27:48,063 --> 00:27:51,077 它的火山现在已经变成古代的遗迹 173 00:27:51,090 --> 00:27:56,017 在历经岁月的沧桑之后，早已消失在茫茫的丛林之中 worn by the passage of time and swallowed by forest 174 00:27:59,061 --> 00:28:04,085 在这座古老的岛屿上，生长各种植物，一片生机盎然 Plants and soils now cover this aging island teeming with life 175 00:28:22,056 --> 00:28:28,000 岛上的山峰依旧高耸入云，山上则常年下雨 Its peaks are still high enough to generate clouds and receive regular rainfall 176 00:28:29,020 --> 00:28:34,014 这是加纳帕戈斯群岛中为数不多的，储有淡水的奇妙的地方 It's one of few places in Galapagos where there're magical freshwater pools 177 00:28:38,048 --> 00:28:41,022 在整个早上在海上的辛苦觅食之后 After a morning spent foraging at sea, frigate birds come here to bath their feathers and to sip on the wing 178 00:28:41,022 --> 00:28:44,039 军舰鸟便飞到这里整理羽毛 179 00:28:45,045 --> 00:28:47,052 吮吸翅膀上的水 180 00:28:57,063 --> 00:28:59,030 构成森林的土壤 These forest basins are created by layer on layer of rich volcanic soil packed over porous lava 181 00:29:00,020 --> 00:29:05,021 是一层叠一层的有机土，富含火山岩浆的成分 182 00:29:07,021 --> 00:29:09,001 水沿路流到别处 Elsewhere, the water filters its way through to reemerge near the coast in brackish lagoons 183 00:29:10,038 --> 00:29:13,051 于海岸边缘的水草丰茂的礁湖聚集 184 00:29:16,052 --> 00:29:20,025 这里还生活着令人惊讶的客人 They are home to the most unlikely Galapagos residents 185 00:29:21,049 --> 00:29:23,022 大火烈鸟 186 00:29:25,029 --> 00:29:27,086 来自加勒比海而偶然留这里的 chance immigrants from the Caribbean 187 00:29:46,085 --> 00:29:51,072 岛上大约有500只火烈鸟，全部生活在这块珍贵的栖息地 There are only about 500 flamingos in Galapagos limited to this rare habitat 188 00:30:26,025 --> 00:30:30,063 在这座成熟岛屿的边缘地带，天气较为干旱和炎热 Along the margins of these mature islands where it's drier and hotter 189 00:30:31,053 --> 00:30:35,020 触目望去，是一片巨型仙人掌林 The landscape is dominated by giant cactus forest 190 00:30:37,006 --> 00:30:41,057 它成了岛上猛禽绝妙的瞭望台 Offering a perfect watchtower for the islands' top land predator 191 00:30:44,001 --> 00:30:45,074 加纳帕戈斯鹰 - the Galapagos hawk 192 00:30:47,074 --> 00:30:50,088 海岸上的什么东西吸引了他的注意力 Something on the shoreline catches its attention 193 00:31:00,079 --> 00:31:04,026 它们通用捕食小蜥蜴、鸟和昆虫 Small lizards, birds and insects are the normal quarry 194 00:31:05,009 --> 00:31:09,003 但是一年中也有几个星期，它可以捕食到更多的美食 But for a few weeks a year there's much more on offer 195 00:31:12,073 --> 00:31:14,081 海鬣蜥喜欢在海边 Marine iguanas prefer to keep to the water's edge 196 00:31:16,007 --> 00:31:19,081 但是在产卵期，雌性海鬣蜥必须到内陆 But during the nesting season, females must brave it inland to find soft soil in which to lay their eggs 197 00:31:20,024 --> 00:31:23,031 找一块松软的地方产卵 198 00:31:32,029 --> 00:31:34,039 但她一路上必须非常小心 but she must go carefully 199 00:31:37,096 --> 00:31:41,060 鹰耐心等着海鬣蜥放松警惕 The hawk patiently waits to see if she drops her guard 200 00:31:48,040 --> 00:31:51,051 海鬣蜥待在自家的洞穴，周围是比较安全的 She's reasonably safe close to her nest burrow 201 00:31:54,034 --> 00:31:58,065 但它一旦远离，处境就会变得很危险 But stray too far from cover and she's courting trouble 202 00:33:18,036 --> 00:33:23,046 丰盛的食物供应，刚好有利鹰的繁殖 The family has timed its breeding to coincide with this plentiful supply of food 203 00:33:26,063 --> 00:33:31,001 母鹰和公鹰轮流捕食，喂养小鹰 Both parents take turns to hunt for and feed their growing chick 204 00:33:35,098 --> 00:33:39,071 这只小鹰出生才几个礼拜胃口就很大 He's only a few weeks old but he's got a healthy appetite 205 00:33:42,012 --> 00:33:45,009 它一天就可以吃掉半只海鬣蜥 He can comfortably eat half an iguana a day 206 00:34:05,037 --> 00:34:10,012 随着加纳帕戈斯岛屿不断地漂移，离诞生地越来越远 As the Galapagos islands are carried further and further away from their place of birth, the volcanic hotspot 207 00:34:10,078 --> 00:34:12,012 火山热点 208 00:34:12,071 --> 00:34:15,012 生命开始出现了显著的演化 there's a remarkable progression 209 00:34:17,065 --> 00:34:20,049 从光秃秃的岩石和尘烟滚滚的沙漠起 From barren rock and ash-covered deserts 210 00:34:22,016 --> 00:34:23,079 生命掌握变革 life gets a grip 211 00:34:26,056 --> 00:34:29,073 它从婴儿期，进入成熟期和演变期 creeping inland to mellow and diversify 212 00:34:32,077 --> 00:34:35,004 但是，故事并没有到此结束 But the story doesn't end there 213 00:34:36,070 --> 00:34:40,054 每座岛屿都注定出现一次最后的繁盛期 For every island is destined for a spectacular final flourish 214 00:34:43,014 --> 00:34:48,005 它们当中最古老的岛屿岛龄是费尔南迪纳岛的100倍 The oldest of them all almost 100 times older than Fernandina 215 00:34:48,005 --> 00:34:51,055 在加纳帕戈斯的南面 lies on the southeastern perimeter of the archipelago 216 00:34:54,005 --> 00:34:55,036 就是埃斯帕诺拉岛 - Espanola 217 00:34:59,003 --> 00:35:01,010 这座往昔巨大的火山岛 Once a much larger volcano, all that remains is a dry, flat scrap of land 218 00:35:01,073 --> 00:35:05,023 现在却缩成了一小块干旱的土地 219 00:35:06,050 --> 00:35:08,094 这座岛屿正逐渐走向死亡 This island is dying 220 00:35:10,050 --> 00:35:12,046 但它漂移到这里 But it's been carried to a place where the nutrient-rich Humboldt current gives it a last breath of life 221 00:35:12,047 --> 00:35:17,011 营养含量丰富的洪堡洋流却让他焕发出生命最后的活力 222 00:35:23,085 --> 00:35:27,096 这里是处在下风处的北岸，松软的沙滩 Its leeward northern shores have softened through time and there're choice hangout for Galapagos sea lions 223 00:35:27,096 --> 00:35:31,046 正好是海狮理想的活动场所 224 00:35:38,027 --> 00:35:43,030 年轻的雄海狮可以控制一片海滩，吸引多达30只雌海狮 A male controls a stretch of coastline attracting up to 30 females and their young 225 00:35:54,062 --> 00:36:00,015 雌海狮一胎仅产一子，用富含蛋白质和脂肪的奶汁喂养小海狮 Females give birth to a single pub nourished on milk, rich in protein and fat 226 00:36:11,067 --> 00:36:15,087 小海狮长到一个月左右便加入到族群 When the pubs are about a month old they join the local creche 227 00:36:22,058 --> 00:36:24,048 它盼望着轻松的生活 It looks an easy life 228 00:36:34,076 --> 00:36:38,093 但是对于“沙滩之主”体重达500磅的雄海狮来说 But for this 500-pound beach master 229 00:36:37,078 --> 00:36:39,073 there's no time to relax 230 00:36:39,086 --> 00:36:42,000 休息时间是没有的 Even with every ounce of effort, he'll be lucky to roam this stretch of sand for more than 3 weeks 231 00:36:42,000 --> 00:36:45,080 不管做多大努力，它对领地的统治都很难超过3个星期 232 00:36:53,064 --> 00:36:57,054 就是这个原因，出现海狮领地的挑战者 This is why they are a constant challengers 233 00:37:48,053 --> 00:37:50,096 这一次海狮获胜了 This time the beach master wins leaving his rival battered and scarred 234 00:37:51,060 --> 00:37:55,060 对手被它咬的伤痕累累 235 00:38:02,084 --> 00:38:05,091 小海狮长到一两岁 When the young sea lions are a year old or 2 old, the baby comes to training ground for social and hunting skills 236 00:38:05,091 --> 00:38:09,088 海湾就成了进行交际和捕食训练的场所 237 00:38:24,080 --> 00:38:29,060 这里的水非常舒适，就连海狮这种有效率的掠食动物 These waters are so rich and the sea lions such effective predators that it frees up time to enjoy 238 00:38:29,060 --> 00:38:31,091 也喜欢花时间在这里享受 239 00:39:47,065 --> 00:39:50,005 海洋生物很少有象海狮一样爱玩的 few sea creatures are as playful 240 00:39:57,062 --> 00:40:02,016 埃斯帕诺拉的北边可避强风 Though the northern side of Espanola is reasonably sheltered from prevailing winds 241 00:40:06,083 --> 00:40:11,041 南边汹涌的海浪会把所有抛在海洋里的东西冲上岸来 The southern side takes the full brunt of everything the ocean throws at it 242 00:40:16,081 --> 00:40:20,085 这些悬崖峭壁是海鬣蜥的乐土 Yet these cliffs are a mecca for seafaring iguanas and a crucial nesting platform for resident sea birds 243 00:40:20,085 --> 00:40:24,018 也是歇脚的海鸟筑巢的绝好平台 244 00:40:36,013 --> 00:40:42,054 所有来客中最有威仪的是终日翱翔在东太平洋上空的海洋浪人 The most majestic of all is a visitor, an ocean wanderer that roams the whole eastern Pacific 245 00:40:49,041 --> 00:40:53,065 弄潮信天翁是加纳帕戈斯群岛上体型最大的鸟 The waved albatross is the largest bird in Galapagos 246 00:40:56,035 --> 00:40:58,052 翅膀展开时有7尺 with a 7-foot wingspan 247 00:41:14,000 --> 00:41:18,094 在空中飞行六个月后的第一次着陆并不轻松 After 6 months in the air first touchdown is never that simple 248 00:41:34,049 --> 00:41:37,012 差不多全世界的信天翁 Virtually the entire world population 249 00:41:38,039 --> 00:41:43,023 大约1万2千对配偶，就在这里的埃斯帕诺拉上筑巢 some 12,000 breeding pairs nest here on Espanola 250 00:41:46,040 --> 00:41:50,094 雄鸟会花数天甚至数星期等待配偶的到来 The male waits for days, sometimes weeks for the arrival of his partner 251 00:42:07,049 --> 00:42:12,066 弄潮信天翁寿命可达50年，终身不换配偶 Waved albatrosses may live for up to 50 years and pair for life, they rebond with the mesmerizing courtship dance 252 00:42:12,066 --> 00:42:16,036 它们擅长动人的求偶舞 253 00:42:36,005 --> 00:42:39,045 随着嘴碰嘴发出的声响，整个地盘变得热闹非凡 The whole colony comes alive with the clack of beaks 254 00:43:16,012 --> 00:43:20,043 体型这样巨大的鸟类，它们的交配却很温柔 For such huge birds, mating is a gentle affair 255 00:43:46,089 --> 00:43:52,053 它们的别名“波浪信天翁”来自羽毛上细致的波浪形纹理 The name 'waved albatross' comes from the delicate pattern of their feathers 256 00:43:58,043 --> 00:44:01,023 它们将重注押于一只蛋 Everything is gambled on a single egg which is incubated by both parents for 2 months, with each sitting for up to 2 weeks at a time 257 00:44:01,023 --> 00:44:03,078 在两个月的孵化期中 258 00:44:04,054 --> 00:44:09,028 公鸟和母鸟每次轮流孵蛋2星期，有时时间更长 259 00:44:09,013 --> 00:44:10,018 sometimes longer 260 00:44:13,025 --> 00:44:17,098 如此辛苦哺育的成果就是这个 And the result of such careful and diligent nurture 261 00:44:17,008 --> 00:44:18,088 is this 262 00:44:26,003 --> 00:44:27,063 随着小鸟渐渐长大 As the chicks age, their parents foraging missions take them further and further afield 263 00:44:27,063 --> 00:44:31,063 大鸟的哺育任务便更艰巨，它们得走更远寻找食物 264 00:44:31,063 --> 00:44:35,010 有时来回一次的旅程长达2000英里 involving round trips of up to 2,000 miles 265 00:44:41,061 --> 00:44:44,081 大鸟把自己已经先消化了的食物喂给小鸟吃 The chicks are fed on predigested squid and fish guzzling nearly half a gallon of oil in one big hit 266 00:44:44,081 --> 00:44:48,025 每次都耗用差不多半加仑的油脂 267 00:45:16,054 --> 00:45:18,095 直至约6个月后 Finally, after almost 6 months the juveniles and their parents begin to take to the air 268 00:45:19,085 --> 00:45:23,095 已经长大的小鸟终于可以和大鸟一起飞向天空 269 00:45:39,037 --> 00:45:44,024 长大的信天翁将会返回故乡，在这里花五六年的时间繁殖后代 The young albatrosses won't be back to breed for another 5 or 6 years 270 00:45:50,071 --> 00:45:53,038 它们的旅行才刚刚开始 Their journey is just beginning 271 00:45:55,042 --> 00:45:59,025 而这座岛屿的旅行就快要结束了 but this island's journey is nearing its end 272 00:46:00,082 --> 00:46:02,099 它的生命就要走向终结了 Life here outlives the land 273 00:46:06,086 --> 00:46:08,016 过去的350万年里 During the last 3.5 million years 274 00:46:10,016 --> 00:46:12,086 埃斯帕诺拉从诞生地“加纳帕戈斯火山热点” Espanola has traveled over 100 miles from its place of birth - the Galapagos hotspot 275 00:46:15,017 --> 00:46:17,004 漂移了100多英里 276 00:46:23,034 --> 00:46:26,044 期间不断地降温、收缩 Through that time, it's been cooling and contracting, fracturing and sinking 277 00:46:27,065 --> 00:46:31,048 断裂和下沉 278 00:46:34,029 --> 00:46:37,032 有一天，它终将被滚滚的波涛所淹没 One day, it will end up beneath the waves 279 00:46:41,066 --> 00:46:44,033 而所有的其他岛屿最后都会跟随 All the islands will eventually follow, carried on the conveyer belt to meet the same fate 280 00:46:44,043 --> 00:46:47,073 由海洋输送带引领同样的宿命 281 00:46:51,071 --> 00:46:54,074 数之不尽的加纳帕戈斯岛屿来了又去 Countless Galapagos islands have come and gone 282 00:46:58,055 --> 00:47:02,022 它们一直是这样，也将永远这样下去 They always have and they always will 283 00:47:14,019 --> 00:47:17,036 随着时间这些岛屿变得越趋成熟 Just as the islands mature through time, 284 00:47:17,036 --> 00:47:21,030 我们对它们独特的理解也在不断加深 so does our understanding of what makes them special 285 00:47:21,064 --> 00:47:25,068 The first person to set foot on Galapagos 286 00:47:23,070 --> 00:47:26,068 第一个踏上加纳帕戈斯的人 287 00:47:26,077 --> 00:47:30,018 只祈祷有人把他从这个荒凉的地方救出 prayed only for deliverance from this wretched place 288 00:47:34,068 --> 00:47:35,073 In the centuries to follow 289 00:47:36,082 --> 00:47:38,062 接下来的几百年 all who came here to plunder shared his view 290 00:47:38,065 --> 00:47:42,002 所有来到这里的人都跟他有着同样的想法 291 00:47:46,064 --> 00:47:47,088 But in time, 292 00:47:48,083 --> 00:47:54,010 然而，最终有一个人从岛上的野生动物中得到启发和灵感 one man 293 00:47:49,078 --> 00:47:55,077 inspired by the landscape and wildlife would see things differently 294 00:47:54,083 --> 00:47:57,001 开始抱着不同的想法 discovering a secret that lay hidden within this island universe 295 00:47:57,007 --> 00:48:01,011 发现了隐藏在这个别有洞天的岛屿里的秘密 296 00:48:01,028 --> 00:48:05,082 A secret that would transform not just how we saw these islands 297 00:48:03,034 --> 00:48:07,098 这个秘密，后来不仅改变了我们对这个岛屿的看法 298 00:48:05,098 --> 00:48:10,098 but our whole understanding of life on earth 299 00:48:08,001 --> 00:48:11,038 而且改变了我们对地球生命的整体理解 300 00:48:11,098 --> 00:48:17,018 His name was Charles Darwin 301 00:48:14,015 --> 00:48:16,096 他的名字就叫查尔斯·达尔文 302 00:48:27,077 --> 00:48:28,073 In the next program 303 00:48:29,094 --> 00:48:34,094 下一集，我们将深入加纳帕戈斯群岛的中心地带 we travel deeper into the heart of the Galapagos 304 00:48:34,048 --> 00:48:43,088 and find out why these islands more than anywhere else are such a crucible for new life 305 00:48:36,058 --> 00:48:40,038 并会研究为什么唯独加纳帕戈斯这个地方 306 00:48:41,015 --> 00:48:44,005 能够融合如此多样的新生命 307 00:48:44,085 --> 00:48:49,095 Transcription by Andrew & Hattie