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字幕修整，合并：罗永强

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I'm embarking on the second leg of my world tour
我展开环球之旅的第二程

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of 80 of the greatest treasures ever created by man.
找寻80件人类创作的珍宝

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I'm about to travel through two thousand years of history,
我要穿越二千年历史

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from the ancient civilisations of Mexico
由墨西哥古文明

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to the promised land of the United States.
来到希望之乡美国

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It's a journey which will take me from mysterious pyramids and lost cities
这一程始于神秘金字塔和失落城市

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to the skyscrapers of New York.
终于纽约的摩天大厦

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I've been on the road for two and a half weeks. Leaving behind South America,
我上路两个半星期，离开南美洲

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I fly from Brazil to the southern Mexican state of Chiapas.
由巴西飞往墨西哥南部的恰帕斯

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I'm in the rainforest of southern Mexico,
我来到墨西哥南部的雨林

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and it's here that civilisation started to emerge, three thousand years ago.
三千年前文明在此萌芽

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I'm searching for a treasure created by this most bloodthirsty of civilisations.
我要找一个由血腥文明建造的宝藏

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Ah, now here's a clue.
这儿有线索

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Ancient structure.
古代建筑遗迹

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I'm obviously heading in the right direction.
显然是正确方向

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For centuries this dense forest concealed a shocking and grisly secret:
几百年来，密林隐藏着可怖秘密

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a lost city in which human sacrifice was a way of life.
一个惯以活人祭神的失落城市

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Palenque - the great city of the Mayans,
帕伦克是马雅人的伟大城市

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built in the hundred years after 650 AD,
建于公元650年后的一百年间

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by King Pacal and his sons.
由帕卡尔王与儿子所建造

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What a fantastic commanding site.
居高临下，地势优越

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There's the plain over there - from the city.
远望城后的平原

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The king, his warriors, could watch what's going on.
国王和战士在这儿一览无遗

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What we're seeing here is the sacred heart of the city.
入目是全城的心脏地带

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The temples and the palace.
神庙和皇宫

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Palenque is one of the world's most remarkable ancient cities.
帕伦克是首屈一指的宏伟大古城

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It reveals so much about the Mayan civilisation,
体现马雅文明的特色

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which dates back to a thousand BC or earlier.
马雅文明上溯至公元前一千年前

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The Mayans ruled a vast empire, stretching through Central America
马雅帝国幅员广大，跨越中美洲

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from Mexico to Guatemala and Honduras.
由墨西哥延至危地马拉和洪都拉斯

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The buildings at Palenque are adorned with reliefs an hieroglyphs
帕伦克的建筑刻满浮雕和象形文字

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which unlock the door to a sophisticated yet savage world.
揭露一个先进但野蛮的世界

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The Mayans evolved a calendar and were great astrologers,
马雅人发明历法，又是星象专家

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and are best known for practising human sacrifice.
却以活人祭献最为闻名

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At the heart of this violent and bloody world
这个血腥暴力世界的中心

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was King Pacal's palace.
是帕卡尔王的皇宫

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It was built high on a hill to make it easy to defend.
建在山丘之上，易于防守

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Its thick stone walls were designed to withstand attack.
厚石墙能抵御袭击

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Wars between rival kingdoms were ritualistic and
敌对王国打仗乃常事

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governed by the movement of the planet Venus, so were known as 'star wars'.
由金星运行操纵，故名“星战”

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This must have been a very important courtyard in the palace.
这儿想必是宫内一个重要庭院

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This is where subjects came to pay homage to the king, to bring tribute.
子民前来谒见国王，前来进贡

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They'd have walked through here and they'd have passed these huge images of captives,
必然经过这些俘虏人像

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naked figures - of warriors taken in war, people who had been humiliated.
战败被掳的战士，赤身露体受凌辱

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These were a warning to the subjects coming through to pay homage.
藉此警惕来见的子民

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These men had frightfully miserable faces. Even the dead,
俘虏的表情悲苦，甚至有死人

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naked which is a sign of humiliation in this culture.
马雅文化以赤裸为耻

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And this figure at the end is strange -
末端的人像向上望

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Iooking upwards towards perhaps where the king would be.
或是仰望国王

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Naked and with, again this gigantic penis. I wonder why.
赤条条，露出巨大阳具，不知何解

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I do know that part of the ritual of sacrificing a captive
我知道献祭俘虏的仪式中

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was often to mutilate, to cause pain, to,
往往要宰割祭品，大概要施加痛楚

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I suppose, prove the warrior was worthy of sacrifice.
好证明战士配做祭品

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He wasn't meant to show the agony he was - put through.
俘虏要忍痛而色不变

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And I suppose this could be a part of that ritual, the scarring of the penis. Astonishing.
阳具的伤痕大概是仪式的一部份

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Blood sacrifice was at the core of the Mayan way of life.
血祭是马雅生活的核心

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This is an altar,
这是祭坛

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and some people believe this is where the Maya sacrificed captives taken in war.
有人相信就是在这儿杀战俘献祭

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These unfortunate chaps would have their heads cut off,
不幸战俘先给斩首

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or more disturbing, their heart plucked out,
更惊心的是给挖出心脏

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and while the heart still pumped the blood
心脏还扑扑跳时

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would be smeared over the gods kept in the temple,
把血抹在神庙内的神像上

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and then the body skinned and the skin draped over the priests, would dance around.
再把祭品剥皮，祭司披上跳舞

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Very hard for us to take all this, but of course, you have to remember,
我们难以接受，但不要忘记

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the Maya didn't hold life cheaply. They valued it greatly,
马雅人并非贱视生命，而是珍而重之

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that's the point.
正因为生命宝贵

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It was so precious, it was the most precious thing to give to the gods.
所以是最贵重的敬神祭品

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Some mutilated captives would be dragged up the steep steps
有些俘虏受宰割后给拖上陡峭石阶

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of the temple of the inscriptions
送上碑铭神庙

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to face further humiliation and aony at the top.
受进一步的羞辱和痛苦

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But blood letting was not restricted to enemies.
然而马雅人不光把敌人放血

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After victory in battle, King Pacal himself would pierce his penis
帕卡尔王战胜后会自刺阳具

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and let it bleed on the altar to thank the gods,
让血滴在祭坛上酬神

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while the queen slit open her tongue.
王后则割破舌头

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I'm descending into the bowels of the pyramid,
我拾级而下金字塔的内部

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into the Mayan underworld. Very steep steps.
踏足马雅人的阴间，梯级陡斜

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Above me, is a spectacular system - of vaults for which the Mayans - are famous.
头上是连串拱顶，马雅人的名作

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These cauldron vaults, incredible structures.
这些挑出拱顶，结构巧妙

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The amazing thing is, all of this structure and what's below
最神奇是上上下下的建筑

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was lost for nearly 1 500 years, buried.
给埋没失传近1500年

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Although I'm deep underground - well, deep in the pyramid - it's incredibly hot.
地底深处金字塔内仍然热得出奇

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And these stairs are really treacherous.
梯级步步惊心

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They're now running with water condensation
水气凝聚，滴滴答答

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and I've got to be very careful not to tumble down
我要步步为营

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and maybe never come back again.
免得失足而回不了去

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Mmm, my goodness me, they are slippery.
老天，滑得很

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Here's a massive slab acting as a door, sealing a tomb.
这块大石是门，封闭墓室

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And inside, here it is, the massive stone sarcophagus of King Pacal.
里面有帕卡尔王的巨大石棺

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And what we see is the lid suspended on steel girders now.
棺盖现有钢梁抬起

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Originally, it would have - have sat right down there on the sarcophagus itself -
原本该是紧盖着石棺

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- in which is this moon-shaped opening which received the king's body.
中间的月形坑安放国王遗体

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So here we see a piece of the art as the Mayan people themselves would have seen it,
这件艺术品一如当年马雅人所见

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preserved for all those years. Incredible.
保存了千多年，了不起

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One sees in the middle the king himself.
中间部份是国王

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Now - he died at the age of eighty,
他死时80岁

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but here you see him as a vigorous young man.
但画中刻的是精壮少年

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He's lying on his back, he's falling down into the mouth,
国王仰卧，掉进死神口内

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the jaws of death, represented by the great jaguar god,
死神也就是掌管幽冥之豹神

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the god of the underworld - the god of death.
祂是阴间的神，掌管死亡

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That's below the king; above him - rises this - this great tree - the tree of life.
那是国王下面，上面生出生命树

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But in the form of a cross. The cross was a sacred symbol for the Mayan people.
形如十字，是马雅人的神圣象征

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Fascinating. It represented the connection between the underworld, where I am now,
把我现在所处的阴间

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the heavens above, and the land of the living -
与天堂和人间连起来

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- whose blood was, in a way, the most powerful sacred element of this - of this world.
活人血是这个世界最具力量的圣物

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Because the whole image here is to do with life coming from death, that's the point.
构图的主题就是死而复生

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The great cycle of existence,
生命的循环

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as the seasons come and as night follows day and the sun returns in the morning,
季节转换，日而夜，然后旭日再升

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this is declaring that through death comes rebirth.
图案象征经历死亡而重生

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Yet the Mayan way of life did die, in around 900 AD.
马雅人终在公元九百年灭绝

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Exactly why is a mystery.
个中原因仍是个谜

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The best guess is a combination of famine and war.
但大多相信是因饥荒和战祸所致

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I leave Palenque with a yearning
我怀着思念离开帕伦克

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to find out more about the enigmatic civilisations of Central America.
继续寻找中美洲谜一般的文明

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So I head to Central Mexico,
我前往墨西哥中部

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to a place which has been compared to ancient Egypt.
寻找一个与古埃及能相题并论的地方

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The city of Teotihuacan is larger and older than Palenque,
特奥蒂瓦坎比帕伦克宏大和久远

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but lacks its atmosphere
但它缺乏活力

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and has been over-restored.
而且曾经过度修茸

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It's not one of my treasures,
虽然它并无列入我的珍宝之中

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but you can't deny its scale and power.
但它的规模和力量实在令人不能忽视

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The origins of - Teotihuacan are surrounded in mystery.
特奥蒂瓦坎的起源仍是个谜

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It may date from as early as 200 BC -
年期大概可追溯至公元前200年

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- and the great creators of the city may have been the enigmatic Toltecs.
而建筑师大概是托尔提克人

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At its peak, it was one of the world's largest cities,
山顶上曾是世上最大的城市一

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with a population of 1 25,000 people.
拥有十二万五千名居民

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It covers an area of up to eight square miles.
占地近八平方公里

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The Temple of the Sun is the third largest pyramid in the world,
太阳神殿是世上第三大金字塔

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after one at Cholula in Mexico
排名紧次于墨西哥的乔卢拉金字塔

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and great pyramid in Egypt.
和埃及大金字塔

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Phew. Some climb. 63 metres probably.
呼！这座山足足有六十三米高

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More like 70 originally, with a temple at the top.
接近七十米，山顶上有一座神殿

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An amazing achievement.
是一座惊人的建筑物

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Incredible view here.
这里风景如画

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There's the Way of the Dead, the great street,
那是亡灵之路，是一条大街

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Ieading the temples each side to the Temple of the Moon over there.
将各处的神殿引领到月之神殿

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Until recently nobody knew exactly why
直至目前，金字塔兴建的原因

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these pyramids were built.
仍是个谜

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Then archaeologists excavating the Temple of the Moon
但考古学家发掘月之神殿时

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discovered a dozen skeletons,
发现了十二具骸骨

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ten of whom had been ritually decapitated.
其中十具依仪式被斩首

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So like Palenque,
所以这里大概跟帕伦克一样

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this was once the scene of human sacrifice.
是奉献活人的地方

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To find my treasure, I must follow in the footsteps of the Toltecs,
我随托尔特克人足迹找下一项宝藏

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who in 750 AD mysteriously abandoned Teotihuacan
他们在公元750年遗弃特奥蒂瓦坎

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and built a new capital at Tollan Tula.
在图拉另建新都

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Just a few ruins of this once-great city survive.
这个辉煌古都的遗迹零星落索

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But these include four mighty warriors.
包括四位巨人战士

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Here, one of the great, most moving memorials to the Toltec people.
一件动人心魄的托尔特克人遗迹

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These great statues were only discovered in the 1 940s,
这些巨像1940年代才重见天日

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buried in a trench.
之前给埋没深坑中

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They date from about 900 AD,
建造于大约公元900年

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and they're thought to be columns supporting a temple on top of a flat pyramid.
估计是支撑金字塔顶神庙的巨柱

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The details suggest that they were - representing warriors - or guardian spirits.
雕刻细节推测，是战士或守护神

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Warriors because that is the feathered headdress of a warrior,
线索是头上的战士羽毛头饰

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00:13:30,543 --> 00:13:34,240
and they're holding bows, arrows and spears.
而且手持弓、箭和矛

156
00:13:37,016 --> 00:13:41,646
The god they were guarding is revealed, suggested anyway, by some of the details.
另有细节吐露战士守护的神

157
00:13:41,821 --> 00:13:43,846
The stylised butterfly up there -
上面的蝴蝶装饰

158
00:13:44,023 --> 00:13:50,019
- and below - the feet have feathers.
下面覆盖脚掌的羽毛

159
00:13:50,262 --> 00:13:53,993
These are emblems of the great god of the Toltecs.
都是托尔特克人一个主神的标记

160
00:13:58,037 --> 00:14:01,871
And on the rear of this great warrior or guardian is this solar disk.
战士背面还有太阳盘

161
00:14:02,041 --> 00:14:06,944
Here it is. In the centre, a face - the sun god.
中央是太阳神

162
00:14:07,646 --> 00:14:10,240
And here, carvings.
这儿有石刻

163
00:14:10,449 --> 00:14:14,385
You can speculate - this might be writing. No one's deciphered it.
可能是文字，却未有人能解读

164
00:14:15,688 --> 00:14:20,250
Also there's evidence here of colour. There's red here.
那儿还有色彩残迹，这儿是红色

165
00:14:20,459 --> 00:14:24,259
All four of these great giants - originally would have been brightly coloured.
四尊巨人原本色彩斑斓

166
00:14:36,642 --> 00:14:42,103
The giants give a hint of just how splendid the city of Tollan Tula must have been.
图拉的盛世风华由巨人像可见一斑

167
00:14:44,450 --> 00:14:48,409
The later Aztec people told of incredible Toltec treasures.
后来的阿兹特克人提过图拉的宝藏

168
00:14:50,022 --> 00:14:51,546
These have long since disappeared,
然而早已风流云散

169
00:14:51,724 --> 00:14:56,286
but a series of carvings gives an insight into their sinister beliefs.
连串石刻道出他们的诡秘信仰

170
00:15:03,302 --> 00:15:05,998
I'm in the temple area at the base of the pyramid -
这是金字塔底部的神庙

171
00:15:06,171 --> 00:15:09,436
- and there are amazing images on the wall.
墙上满布精致石刻

172
00:15:09,675 --> 00:15:13,406
Jaguars, ferocious heads.
豹、恶形恶相的头脸

173
00:15:13,979 --> 00:15:18,575
Over there, rattlesnakes devouring - human beings.
那边有响尾蛇吞噬人类

174
00:15:18,751 --> 00:15:21,185
Skulls. Amazing.
头骨

175
00:15:22,254 --> 00:15:24,745
But the mighty - Toltec empire disappeared
然而托尔特克帝国在12世纪末

176
00:15:24,924 --> 00:15:29,020
in rather mysterious circumstances in the late 1 2th century.
离奇消失

177
00:15:29,194 --> 00:15:33,961
It is said that its great king-priest was exiled.
据说其祭司国王流亡国外

178
00:15:34,133 --> 00:15:39,366
He was associated with the great god Quetzalcoatl, the god of the Toltecs.
他与托尔特克人的羽蛇神颇有渊源

179
00:15:39,605 --> 00:15:45,009
This god had a white face and a grey beard, always shown as that.
羽蛇神的形象总是白脸灰须

180
00:15:45,177 --> 00:15:50,740
And it was said that one day he would return from the east to repossess this land.
传说终有一日由东方回来夺回领土

181
00:15:51,016 --> 00:15:54,816
This god, of course, did return, but not quite as expected.
传说果然应验，只是来的不是神

182
00:15:54,987 --> 00:15:58,582
A man did come from the east, white face, grey beard.
而是一个东方来的灰须白人

183
00:15:58,757 --> 00:16:00,384
He was Cortez.
他叫科尔特斯

184
00:16:01,126 --> 00:16:04,994
Cortez was a Spanish conqueror who arrived in 1 51 9.
科尔特斯是1519年来的西班牙人

185
00:16:05,531 --> 00:16:08,364
By this time, the Aztecs were ruling Mexico.
当时由阿兹特克人统治墨西哥

186
00:16:08,534 --> 00:16:13,198
Their emperor, Montezuma, mistook Cortez for Quetzalcoatl
国王蒙提祖马误会科氏是羽蛇神

187
00:16:13,372 --> 00:16:15,772
and welcomed him as a saviour.
欣然欢迎这位救世主重临

188
00:16:17,276 --> 00:16:20,643
This proved to be the downfall of Aztec civilisation.
谁知就此断送阿兹特克文明

189
00:16:22,614 --> 00:16:26,607
The ancient culture of Central America was mercilessly destroyed.
中美洲古文化受无情摧残

190
00:16:26,852 --> 00:16:29,218
The Spaniards laid waste to Aztec cities,
西班牙人把阿兹特克诸城变成废墟

191
00:16:29,388 --> 00:16:32,824
Iooted their treasures and slaughtered the population.
掠夺其财宝，屠杀其民众

192
00:16:58,317 --> 00:17:00,512
My journey now takes me to Mexico City,
我继续上路往墨西哥城

193
00:17:00,686 --> 00:17:04,554
a sprawling metropolis of 22 million people.
一个人口2200万的大都会

194
00:17:05,591 --> 00:17:08,287
It's here that the Spanish conquerors built their capital,
西班牙征服者在这儿建都

195
00:17:08,460 --> 00:17:10,894
on the site of a great Aztec city.
原址是一个阿兹特克人城市

196
00:17:11,964 --> 00:17:15,525
Mexico finally gained independence from Spain in 1821,
墨西哥终在1821年脱离西班牙独立

197
00:17:15,701 --> 00:17:19,228
Ieaving the Catholic Church and a succession of dictators and emperors
留下天主教堂，还有连串独裁者

198
00:17:19,405 --> 00:17:21,737
to fight for the soul of the nation.
为国家的灵魂奋战

199
00:17:24,209 --> 00:17:27,508
In the 1920s, Mexico enjoyed a great renaissance in the arts,
1920年代，墨西哥艺术界

200
00:17:27,679 --> 00:17:30,773
fired by the idealism of the political Left.
受左倾的理想主义刺激而复兴

201
00:17:31,250 --> 00:17:32,740
From this was born my next treasure,
由此孕育出下一项宝藏

202
00:17:32,918 --> 00:17:35,512
the first painting on my journey.
此行第一幅画作

203
00:17:35,687 --> 00:17:40,090
However, its story doesn't start here, but thousands of miles away.
画作的故事要由几千里外说起

204
00:17:43,829 --> 00:17:48,391
It's the story of two men who embody one of the great struggles of the 20th century,
两位主角参与20世纪一场重大斗争

205
00:17:48,567 --> 00:17:51,365
between Capitalism and Communism.
资本主义和共产主义之争

206
00:17:52,271 --> 00:17:56,264
In 1 933, the American tycoon Nelson Rockefeller
1933年，美国大亨洛克菲勒

207
00:17:56,442 --> 00:17:59,502
commissioned the leftwing Mexican artist Diego Rivera
委托墨西哥左派画家里维拉

208
00:17:59,678 --> 00:18:04,138
to paint a huge mural for his flagship office block in New York City.
替他在纽约市的商厦画巨型壁画

209
00:18:07,820 --> 00:18:12,484
Rockefeller was so much offended by the content of the painting that he had it destroyed.
后洛克菲勒不满内容而毁灭壁画

210
00:18:13,092 --> 00:18:17,119
But that wasn't the end of the story. The artist made sure of that.
但事情并未结束，画家不甘心

211
00:18:23,936 --> 00:18:27,201
Rivera wanted to bring his murdered mural back to life,
里维拉要令被毁的壁画复活

212
00:18:27,372 --> 00:18:31,206
and he achieved it here, in the Palace of Fine Arts in Mexico City.
他在墨西哥城的艺术宫内如愿以偿

213
00:18:31,477 --> 00:18:33,172
This was painted in 1934.
壁画成于1934年

214
00:18:33,345 --> 00:18:39,443
And this version - is called Man, Controller of the Universe.
这一幅名为《人类-宇宙主宰》

215
00:18:39,651 --> 00:18:44,145
And we see in the centre of the picture, man, the worker,
中央的工人

216
00:18:44,323 --> 00:18:49,488
using modern technology to look into the future, to control the future,
用现代科技前瞻未来，主宰未来

217
00:18:49,661 --> 00:18:52,721
to select the world in which he wants to live.
选择他希望生活的世界

218
00:18:53,966 --> 00:18:58,027
The painting - tells another story, is divided in half.
画分两半，合成另一个故事

219
00:18:58,203 --> 00:19:00,967
It's the conflict of two world visions,
突显两套世界观的冲突

220
00:19:01,140 --> 00:19:04,769
the conflict between - Communism and Capitalism.
共产主义和资本主义的冲突

221
00:19:06,111 --> 00:19:11,447
Here on the left, between the wings, one sees a nightclub scene, a speakeasy.
左边在双翼之间是灯红酒绿夜总会

222
00:19:11,617 --> 00:19:13,710
Men and women drinking martinis, I think.
男男女女在饮马天尼

223
00:19:13,886 --> 00:19:16,650
Obviously this is the decadence of capitalism.
分明是描绘资本主义的堕落腐朽

224
00:19:16,822 --> 00:19:19,484
There's a lovely little portrait here of Rockefeller.
混入了洛克菲勒的小肖像

225
00:19:20,692 --> 00:19:22,523
Then there's a strange image indeed.
另有奇怪人像

226
00:19:22,694 --> 00:19:28,326
The great sort of Roman or Greek statue looking down rather threateningly,
罗马式或希腊式石像凛然下望

227
00:19:28,500 --> 00:19:31,025
and round its neck a crucifix.
颈间挂上十字架

228
00:19:31,270 --> 00:19:35,001
This is a - a cry - for - for - for the - for the indigenous peoples of this land
是代土著和

229
00:19:35,174 --> 00:19:37,506
and their ancient religions and culture.
其古老宗教文化的怒吼

230
00:19:37,743 --> 00:19:41,110
And he obviously sees the church as a tool in the hands of the capitalists
视教会为资本家的工具

231
00:19:41,280 --> 00:19:46,274
to oppress and suppress the spirit and the nature of the people,
压迫和钳制本地人的心灵和本性

232
00:19:46,451 --> 00:19:48,646
the true ancient people of this land.
真正的本地古民族

233
00:19:49,488 --> 00:19:52,514
Then in the centre a scene again from New York.
中间夹杂纽约街景

234
00:19:52,824 --> 00:19:54,621
Police attacking workers.
警察攻击工人

235
00:19:55,360 --> 00:19:58,852
And there's police on horses with batons thumping on their heads.
骑警挥动警棍向工人头颅打过去

236
00:19:59,031 --> 00:20:00,191
A scene of skyscrapers.
背景为摩天大厦

237
00:20:00,365 --> 00:20:05,530
Amazing image. Over here, though, we see the artist's ideal universe.
而这边则是画家的理想世界

238
00:20:12,177 --> 00:20:19,083
This half of the painting is dedicated to the - the beauties, the benefits of Communism.
这一半刻划共产主义的美好

239
00:20:19,318 --> 00:20:25,223
We see there one of the great powers of early Communism, Lenin,
共产主义早期的大人物列宁

240
00:20:25,390 --> 00:20:27,858
holding hands with the workers.
与工人手相牵

241
00:20:30,829 --> 00:20:33,423
At the top, workers marching together.
顶部有工人集体游行

242
00:20:33,599 --> 00:20:37,399
Below them, the red flag being held by Marx and Trotsky.
下面马克斯和托洛茨基举起红旗

243
00:20:37,569 --> 00:20:42,871
Trotsky a man that came to Mexico and that Rivera knew in the late 1930s.
托洛茨基1930年代末来墨西哥

244
00:20:43,775 --> 00:20:47,802
So there we are an incredible powerful image of how things ought to be.
一个鲜明的理想国景象

245
00:20:47,980 --> 00:20:52,076
But of course reflecting back with the perspective of history,
当然，现在回望历史

246
00:20:52,251 --> 00:20:56,381
it has a certain sadness indeed absurdity really.
不无伤感，甚或荒诞

247
00:20:57,589 --> 00:21:01,081
The whole vision offered up here has crumbled,
画中理想早已崩溃

248
00:21:03,362 --> 00:21:09,767
and the evil world of Capitalism, which the artist here is doing his best to destroy,
画家尽情鞭打的资本主义邪恶世界

249
00:21:09,935 --> 00:21:12,870
has flourished and gained new strength.
益发繁荣，势力日增

250
00:21:20,646 --> 00:21:25,982
In a way, it's a sad document to a great aspiration not realised,
此画教人唏嘘，伟大理想终究落空

251
00:21:26,151 --> 00:21:32,021
partly because of the weakness of the politicians who had the world in their hands,
一面慨叹操控世界的政客无能

252
00:21:32,190 --> 00:21:34,488
and also sad because the artist himself
一面慨叹画家本人

253
00:21:34,660 --> 00:21:40,030
proved to be a lesser man than the painting proclaims.
远不及画中理念那样崇高

254
00:21:42,334 --> 00:21:44,234
Rivera's politics may have been socialist,
里维拉的政治思想可能偏向社会主义

255
00:21:44,403 --> 00:21:45,836
but his way of life wasn't.
但他的生活方式可不然

256
00:21:46,004 --> 00:21:48,973
He was intoxicated by the glamour of high living.
他爱沉醉于上流生活之中

257
00:21:53,211 --> 00:21:55,509
I wonder what Rivera would make of modern Mexico,
我在想里维拉对现代墨西哥

258
00:21:55,681 --> 00:21:57,649
where Capitalism has triumphed.
这个充满资本主义的国家会有何看法

259
00:21:58,016 --> 00:22:00,246
He'd probably feel very much at home.
大概是有宾至如归的感觉吧

260
00:22:03,422 --> 00:22:05,390
When I go for supper in the Plaza Garibaldi,
我来到加里波底广场晚膳

261
00:22:05,557 --> 00:22:09,084
I'm immediately pounced on by dozens of mariachi singers.
即时被几十个墨西哥街头乐队突击

262
00:22:14,266 --> 00:22:15,631
Tonight I'm going to be serenaded,
今晚不论我喜欢与否

263
00:22:15,801 --> 00:22:17,393
whether I like it or not.
都会被情歌包围了

264
00:22:21,873 --> 00:22:25,138
My ears take a battering from this strange cacophony.
古怪杂音一直在我耳边回荡着

265
00:22:27,346 --> 00:22:29,371
I've been on the road for almost three weeks
我离家已有三个星期

266
00:22:29,548 --> 00:22:31,573
and it's beginning to take its toll.
开始听到钟声了

267
00:22:40,859 --> 00:22:45,319
The following day I head for another country, the most powerful on earth.
第二天我朝世上最强的国家进发

268
00:22:47,499 --> 00:22:51,026
The flight across the stunning landscape of the south-western United States
飞机越过美国西南部高空

269
00:22:51,203 --> 00:22:54,138
brings much-needed calm and respite.
带来了宁静和休息

270
00:23:03,148 --> 00:23:06,379
The USA is a wonderfully curious creation.
美国是一个耐人寻味的国家

271
00:23:06,952 --> 00:23:10,251
In little more than two centuries, this great melting pot of people
这个种族大熔炉在二百多年间

272
00:23:10,422 --> 00:23:15,291
has achieved a powerful sense of identity and grown to world domination.
建立起重要地位，渐次称霸世界

273
00:23:25,237 --> 00:23:28,172
In my short time here, I hope to dig beneath the surface
我希望在逗留期间拨开美国的表象

274
00:23:28,340 --> 00:23:31,901
and through my treasures learn more about the way the United States,
通过我选的宝藏了解美国

275
00:23:32,077 --> 00:23:35,274
the land of the free, views itself.
了解这个自由之邦如何看自己

276
00:23:37,149 --> 00:23:42,485
My first treasure here is sure to offend some people, but it's arguably the single object
我选的首项美国宝藏或会惹人反感

277
00:23:42,654 --> 00:23:45,054
which best defines the United States.
却道尽美国的本质

278
00:23:46,758 --> 00:23:48,919
It's a dark, indeed a deadly treasure,
一件能置人于死地的宝藏

279
00:23:49,094 --> 00:23:51,722
that enabled white Europeans to express their conviction
欧洲白人用它宣示信念：

280
00:23:51,897 --> 00:23:55,128
that it was their manifest destiny to possess this land,
天注定他们拥有这片土地

281
00:23:55,300 --> 00:23:59,236
and in the process suppress its indigenous peoples.
不惜为此镇压土著

282
00:24:01,573 --> 00:24:04,599
To find it, I've come to Cortez in Colorado.
找到了，来到科罗拉多的科特斯

283
00:24:05,377 --> 00:24:08,107
I have an appointment with Dale, alias William D. Foot
约见了戴尔，又名威廉D大脚

284
00:24:08,280 --> 00:24:10,544
of the Windy Gap Regulators Gun Club.
风峡治安会枪会

285
00:24:10,715 --> 00:24:11,079
Hi.
喂

286
00:24:11,249 --> 00:24:13,080
- How you doing? - Very well. And
你好吗？    很好

287
00:24:13,251 --> 00:24:15,014
- Pleased to meet you. - Nice to meet you, Dale.
幸会    幸会

288
00:24:15,187 --> 00:24:19,715
Here's my treasure. The 1 851 colt revolver.
我选中的是1851年科尔特左轮手枪

289
00:24:26,398 --> 00:24:30,095
The 1 851 Navy Colt revolutionised gun design
1851科尔特左轮手枪革新手枪设计

290
00:24:30,268 --> 00:24:32,259
and helped change the world.
由此改造世界

291
00:24:42,314 --> 00:24:47,775
The Colt has a - a terrific beauty. A violent beauty, I suppose.
科尔特的美大概是暴力之美

292
00:24:48,086 --> 00:24:49,519
There isn't another gun like them.
没有别的枪及得上它

293
00:24:49,888 --> 00:24:53,346
It was the most popular of all of the hand guns during the Civil War.
是南北战争年间最普遍的手枪

294
00:24:53,525 --> 00:24:57,723
And then after the Civil War a lot of the soldiers were able to keep their weapons,
战后许多士兵留下自己的佩枪

295
00:24:57,896 --> 00:25:01,832
and they moved west with them and these guns made the journey west
这些人西迁，枪随人西移

296
00:25:02,000 --> 00:25:05,026
and were a - a big part in taming the western frontier.
成为征西的要角

297
00:25:05,270 --> 00:25:11,368
Interesting, of course, in - in American history, the gun has this very powerful role.
有意思，美国史上，枪械举足轻重

298
00:25:11,543 --> 00:25:14,103
Almost as if - it's almost a symbol of - of freedom and independence,
近乎自由和独立的象征

299
00:25:14,279 --> 00:25:16,179
going of course back to the Second Amendment, I suppose.
大慨是源自第二修正案

300
00:25:16,348 --> 00:25:20,216
Every citizen has a right to bear arms to protect the freedom of their country.
公民都有持枪捍卫国家自由的权利

301
00:25:20,385 --> 00:25:23,013
And of course that is very much an issue today, isn't it?
正是当前的切身议题，对不对？

302
00:25:23,188 --> 00:25:25,622
So it's still very pertinent, there's a debate about the right to bear arms
大家争论机枪

303
00:25:25,790 --> 00:25:27,781
- and the meaning of - of guns and all that. - Oh yes.
和枪的意义    对

304
00:25:27,959 --> 00:25:30,860
What do you reckon guns mean now? In this - in this land?
你觉得如今枪械在美国有何意义？

305
00:25:31,029 --> 00:25:34,692
There's - there's several different sayings about firearms and freedom.
有好几句话关于枪与自由

306
00:25:34,966 --> 00:25:38,231
An armed man is a free man,
有枪的人是自由人

307
00:25:38,603 --> 00:25:40,195
an unarmed man's a slave.
没枪的人是奴隶

308
00:25:40,405 --> 00:25:44,865
And that's kind of the philosophy of people in this country for the most part, I think.
我想是大部份美国人的心态

309
00:25:45,710 --> 00:25:49,111
We - we tend to appreciate our guns.
我们重视自己的枪械

310
00:25:49,281 --> 00:25:50,771
We don't - we don't want to misuse them.
不会滥用

311
00:25:50,949 --> 00:25:53,440
We don't - we don't go around shooting everyone we see,
不会见人便开枪

312
00:25:53,618 --> 00:25:56,985
but we have the right to defend ourselves and to protect our home and our families.
但有权自卫，保护家园和家人

313
00:25:57,155 --> 00:26:00,215
And guns are an integral part of that.
枪是不可分割的一部份

314
00:26:00,859 --> 00:26:04,659
So Samuel Colt came up with the idea, invented the six shot cylinder.
科尔特于是创制出六弹弹筒

315
00:26:04,829 --> 00:26:07,730
- The revolver, right. - Yeah, revolver. Six shots in -
转轮手枪    对

316
00:26:07,899 --> 00:26:12,768
you know, without having to reload made it possible to do a lot of damage to an enemy.
连开六枪不必逐次上弹，杀伤力大

317
00:26:12,938 --> 00:26:14,200
Oh definitely, yeah.
不用怀疑

318
00:26:14,372 --> 00:26:18,331
It's a pioneering mass produced object with components which one could -
可以大量生产，由组件合成

319
00:26:18,510 --> 00:26:21,502
- I suppose damaged components could be replaced, or indeed - Exactly.
组件受损，可以个别更换

320
00:26:21,680 --> 00:26:23,375
A new cylinder dropped in.
甚至换新的弹筒    对

321
00:26:25,584 --> 00:26:30,283
It has a extraordinary functional engineered beauty,
它散发奇特的功能之美

322
00:26:30,455 --> 00:26:36,485
which also in some extraordinary way absolutely expresses its rather lethal power.
也流露其杀伤力

323
00:26:37,329 --> 00:26:39,524
- Do you love them? - Oh yes. Yeah.
你爱它们？    对

324
00:26:39,698 --> 00:26:43,225
The 1 851 is my favourite of all the cap and ball revolvers.
左撞击式枪机左轮中最爱这一款

325
00:26:43,401 --> 00:26:45,961
So - so have you - these - these are - are component objects,
这些是组件合成的枪

326
00:26:46,137 --> 00:26:49,664
very much pieces of pioneering 1 9th century industrial design.
19世纪革命性的工业设计

327
00:26:50,008 --> 00:26:51,737
- Right, easy to take apart. - Remove this pin.
对，很容易拆开    抽出撞针

328
00:26:51,910 --> 00:26:54,743
- The pin's the key, isn't it? - It's called the wedge, by the way.
撞针是重点？    它叫楔子

329
00:26:54,913 --> 00:26:56,778
- The wedge. - That's right. That's right.
楔子    对

330
00:26:56,948 --> 00:27:01,578
Slide the barrel assembly off. Slide the cylinder out.
退下枪管，退下弹筒

331
00:27:02,053 --> 00:27:03,452
And those are your three main components.
是三大组件

332
00:27:03,622 --> 00:27:09,788
Each object in itself is this pure industrial design of the highest order.
每一件都是一流的工业设计

333
00:27:09,961 --> 00:27:12,156
Just a very classic, classic pistol.
手枪中的经典

334
00:27:17,302 --> 00:27:20,294
- Do you think you want to fire one of these? - I think I do. All right.
有兴趣试开一下吗？    有的

335
00:27:30,482 --> 00:27:32,006
My finger on the trigger,
手指扣着扳机

336
00:27:32,450 --> 00:27:36,819
get into a position which feels comfortable. I'm going to squeeze it now.
找一个舒适位置，现在扣动了

337
00:27:39,424 --> 00:27:40,550
Good shot.
好枪法

338
00:27:42,027 --> 00:27:43,756
- Thank you. - You got it.
过奖    一学便会

339
00:27:44,095 --> 00:27:46,188
When you cock this time, just turn it sideways as you cock,
这次扣扳机时，把枪枝打侧

340
00:27:46,364 --> 00:27:49,265
to keep that fired cap from falling down and blocking the cylinder motion.
火帽掉下来时不会妨碍弹筒转动

341
00:27:49,434 --> 00:27:50,458
Yes, I'm with you.
好，明白

342
00:27:50,635 --> 00:27:52,500
So I put my finger on the trigger.
手指扣着扳机

343
00:27:54,973 --> 00:27:59,342
- Squeeze it. - Oh right.
用力扣动    好

344
00:28:00,912 --> 00:28:03,346
It's a good smell, black powder.
好，火药味很醉人

345
00:28:04,115 --> 00:28:06,276
- I love the smoke and smell. - I love the smell
我爱那股火药味    我也爱

346
00:28:07,585 --> 00:28:08,347
of powder in the afternoon.
特别在下午

347
00:28:08,520 --> 00:28:11,683
Keep your hand on your gun,
拿着你的手枪

348
00:28:12,991 --> 00:28:15,687
don't you trust anyone.
别相信任何人

349
00:28:17,095 --> 00:28:20,064
There's just one kind of man that you can trust,
但有种人你可以相信

350
00:28:20,231 --> 00:28:25,863
that's a dead man, or a gringo like me.
那就是死人，又或是我这样的美国人

351
00:28:27,505 --> 00:28:28,472
All right.
好

352
00:28:30,241 --> 00:28:32,175
- Good job. - That was very enjoyable. Thank you.
表现蛮好    痛快之极，谢谢

353
00:28:36,147 --> 00:28:38,638
I leave Dale feeling very uneasy.
跟戴尔告别后，心里有点忐忑

354
00:28:39,350 --> 00:28:42,376
The Navy Colt is a fine and pioneering machine,
海军科尔特是开先河的精良工具

355
00:28:42,887 --> 00:28:44,787
yet I feel guilty for admiring it
我欣赏它，却为之内疚

356
00:28:44,956 --> 00:28:47,982
because of its role in winning the west for the white man
因为它辅助白人征西

357
00:28:48,159 --> 00:28:51,560
and destroying the native American way of life.
摧毁了美国土著的生活方式

358
00:28:58,336 --> 00:29:01,396
I've always been fascinated by the early history of North America,
我对北美先民历史的素有兴趣

359
00:29:01,573 --> 00:29:04,098
so for my next treasure I stay in Colorado
所以留在科罗拉多寻访下一项宝藏

360
00:29:04,275 --> 00:29:06,470
but step back in time.
但要回到过去

361
00:29:07,746 --> 00:29:09,475
Deep in the canyons of the Rocky Mountains
在洛矶山脉峡谷深处

362
00:29:09,647 --> 00:29:13,344
Iies the most important ancient site in the United States.
有美国最重要的古遗迹

363
00:29:13,551 --> 00:29:15,678
Its very existence is a riddle.
它的由来是个谜

364
00:29:16,988 --> 00:29:19,422
It was created by mysterious people who disappeared
建造它的神秘民族已无迹可寻

365
00:29:19,591 --> 00:29:24,324
without trace long before Europeans set foot on the Americas.
在欧洲人踏足美洲前已经消失

366
00:29:35,006 --> 00:29:37,702
When it was discovered by two cowboys a century ago,
一个世纪前由两名牛仔发现后

367
00:29:37,876 --> 00:29:41,073
Mesa Verde rewrote the history of the west.
弗德台地马上重写了西部历史

368
00:29:42,147 --> 00:29:45,947
It showed that native Americans in this region had lived in well-built,
反映区内的美国土著有巩固房屋

369
00:29:46,117 --> 00:29:49,814
organised and permanent urban communities.
社区有组织，俨如城镇

370
00:29:56,094 --> 00:30:03,398
Within Mesa Verde are concealed the remains of a mysterious people
弗德台地是一个神秘民族的遗迹

371
00:30:03,735 --> 00:30:08,138
who flourished here about a thousand years ago.
一千年前在此繁衍过

372
00:30:08,573 --> 00:30:13,943
So little is known about them beyond the fact that they were great builders.
对他们所知不多，只知建筑术出色

373
00:30:14,345 --> 00:30:19,305
They constructed for themselves essentially urban communities.
建造了城市雏型

374
00:30:19,484 --> 00:30:26,356
And what one gets here is this incredible sense of their at-oneness,
让人感受到

375
00:30:26,524 --> 00:30:27,991
I suppose, with the world in which they live.
他们与环境融为一体

376
00:30:28,159 --> 00:30:29,990
This organic building.
这是有机建筑

377
00:30:31,396 --> 00:30:33,864
So who were these remarkable people?
这个优秀民族是什么人？

378
00:30:34,032 --> 00:30:35,897
The answer is, we really don't know.
我们真的不知道

379
00:30:36,067 --> 00:30:38,365
Sometimes they're called the Anasazi,
有时给唤作阿纳萨齐

380
00:30:38,536 --> 00:30:42,734
but that's simply the Navajo name for 'the ancient ones'.
那只是纳瓦霍语，意思是“古人”

381
00:30:43,107 --> 00:30:46,668
The fact is, they've disappeared from history,
他们由历史上消声匿迹

382
00:30:46,878 --> 00:30:50,075
Ieaving behind this haunting imagery,
空余惹人遐想的景物

383
00:30:50,248 --> 00:30:53,183
these beautifully constructed buildings.
一些构造精良的建筑物

384
00:30:59,057 --> 00:31:01,890
Little is known about the spiritual beliefs of the Anasazi.
我们对阿纳萨齐的精神信仰了解不多

385
00:31:02,060 --> 00:31:03,186
What we do know has been gleaned
而得来的资料

386
00:31:03,361 --> 00:31:07,161
from intriguing underground ruins known as kivas.
都是来自称为大地穴的地下遗迹

387
00:31:09,968 --> 00:31:12,266
Most have now lost their roofs.
它们大部份都已没有屋顶

388
00:31:14,572 --> 00:31:18,474
Ah now, this is a very good example of a kiva.
这是大地穴的好例子

389
00:31:18,643 --> 00:31:21,942
A circular subterranean room,
里面有一个圆形的地下密室

390
00:31:22,113 --> 00:31:25,173
where the family would gather as if for prayers,
全家人就会在这里祈祷

391
00:31:25,350 --> 00:31:26,908
to tell tales.
或者说故事

392
00:31:27,652 --> 00:31:29,711
And on the floor are two holes.
而地下有两个洞

393
00:31:30,021 --> 00:31:31,784
The bigger hole, fireplace.
大一点的是壁炉

394
00:31:31,956 --> 00:31:34,083
The smaller hole is a (sipapu)
小一点的是灵源点

395
00:31:34,259 --> 00:31:36,625
That is, a symbolic connection
是与地下世界

396
00:31:36,794 --> 00:31:39,490
to the underworld, to their place of origin.
亦即是他们起源的地方相连的象征物

397
00:31:39,664 --> 00:31:44,158
They're returning to their place of creation, into the womb.
他们要返回创造的地方，回到子宫

398
00:31:45,703 --> 00:31:48,399
This small town, known as Cliff Palace,
这小城叫悬崖宫殿

399
00:31:48,573 --> 00:31:50,200
has 23 kivas,
有23个大地穴

400
00:31:50,375 --> 00:31:52,138
about 220 rooms,
总共有220个房间

401
00:31:52,310 --> 00:31:55,541
and was home to around 250 people.
居住了大约250人

402
00:31:55,914 --> 00:31:59,008
Here clearly is the front door.
这里是前门

403
00:31:59,817 --> 00:32:00,909
A step.
一步梯级

404
00:32:01,252 --> 00:32:02,742
Set of steps going up.
可以向上走的

405
00:32:02,987 --> 00:32:05,353
A small tapering entrance through
大概是这里的居民

406
00:32:05,523 --> 00:32:07,787
which these people would have passed.
会用到的细长入口

407
00:32:09,494 --> 00:32:10,927
See if I can get in here.
且看我是否能够进去看看

408
00:32:11,529 --> 00:32:13,087
I suppose this is the right approach.
我猜这方法是可行的

409
00:32:13,264 --> 00:32:14,993
Leg over. Ah, yes.
举高脚，可以了！

410
00:32:18,002 --> 00:32:19,367
Oh.
噢！

411
00:32:23,141 --> 00:32:24,335
Astonishing.
很震撼！

412
00:32:24,776 --> 00:32:25,640
This is where a family, I suppose,
我猜这大概是一家人

413
00:32:25,810 --> 00:32:29,803
would have lived, slept after a hard day's toil
经过一天平顶山田野辛劳的工作后

414
00:32:30,214 --> 00:32:31,272
in the fields above on the mesa.
居住和睡觉的地方

415
00:32:31,449 --> 00:32:32,939
They'd come down here.
他们就会来这里

416
00:32:34,452 --> 00:32:35,817
Another door.
还有另一道门

417
00:32:38,923 --> 00:32:40,015
Ah!
呀！

418
00:32:40,191 --> 00:32:42,751
Good god. Absolutely amazing.
天！很惊人

419
00:32:42,927 --> 00:32:45,828
Up here there are wall paintings.
这地方居然会有油画摆设

420
00:32:45,997 --> 00:32:50,229
If these people are, as some people think, Toltecs who came up here
有人认为，这里的特奥蒂瓦坎人

421
00:32:50,401 --> 00:32:51,163
from Central America
来自中美洲

422
00:32:51,336 --> 00:32:54,066
and then went back they'd have seen, they'd have remembered,
那么他们大概会看过或记得…

423
00:32:54,238 --> 00:32:56,138
these great pyramidal structures
这些金字塔图案

424
00:32:56,941 --> 00:32:58,272
would have been part of their landscape,
曾在他们的家乡出现

425
00:32:58,443 --> 00:33:02,004
their experience from centuries past.
但那已是一百年前的事

426
00:33:02,847 --> 00:33:03,279
Incredible.
难以置信

427
00:33:03,448 --> 00:33:05,848
Being in here, one connects so directly
身处这里，能与这群神秘

428
00:33:06,017 --> 00:33:08,508
with this mysterious and lost people.
而又迷失的人连上关系

429
00:33:14,058 --> 00:33:15,582
In the days of the Anasazi,
在阿纳萨齐的时代

430
00:33:15,760 --> 00:33:17,887
the only way to reach the fields on top
要踏足山顶上的田野

431
00:33:18,062 --> 00:33:20,826
was by climbing the steep cliffs using footholds
就得运用石隙间的立脚点

432
00:33:20,999 --> 00:33:22,432
cut in the rock.
爬上这些悬崖

433
00:33:25,903 --> 00:33:28,371
They must have had the agility of mountain goats.
他们必需拥有石山羊的敏捷身手

434
00:33:28,539 --> 00:33:30,939
I soon give up and resort to ladders,
不久我就放弃这行径

435
00:33:31,109 --> 00:33:32,974
which are treacherous enough.
改而选用危险十足的梯子

436
00:33:36,114 --> 00:33:38,548
As I explore, it soon becomes clear that Cliff Palace,
愈发探索，愈清楚悬崖宫殿

437
00:33:38,716 --> 00:33:43,449
one of many small communities and homesteads built into the Rockies.
原来就是建于洛矶山脉的家园

438
00:33:55,266 --> 00:33:57,757
I can't help reflecting on the fate of the indigenous peoples
我想起几千年前

439
00:33:57,935 --> 00:34:01,894
of the Americas stretching back thousands of years.
美国土著的命运

440
00:34:03,541 --> 00:34:05,873
They were very sophisticated and very admirable,
他们的生活既复杂又令人羡慕

441
00:34:06,044 --> 00:34:08,478
particularly in their relationship with nature.
特别是他们与大自然的联系

442
00:34:09,814 --> 00:34:11,543
They respected the world in which they lived.
他们尊重居住的世界

443
00:34:11,716 --> 00:34:13,047
They recycled.
他们懂得循环再用

444
00:34:13,217 --> 00:34:15,811
They worked with nature, not against it.
懂得与自然合作，不抗衡

445
00:34:15,987 --> 00:34:18,182
They didn't obliterate the environment.
并不会忘掉大自然的恩赐

446
00:34:19,757 --> 00:34:21,418
We can learn from this.
这都是我们应当学习的

447
00:34:44,248 --> 00:34:46,239
From one of America's earliest-known towns,
从美国最早期的城市

448
00:34:46,417 --> 00:34:48,476
I travel 1 700 miles
起程往1700里外

449
00:34:48,653 --> 00:34:51,019
to the most powerful place on earth.
地球上最强的地方

450
00:34:51,989 --> 00:34:53,081
Washington DC
这是美国民主的发源地-

451
00:34:53,257 --> 00:34:55,725
is the home of United States democracy,
华盛顿特区

452
00:34:55,893 --> 00:34:56,917
and the capital of the world
是世界上既有名

453
00:34:57,095 --> 00:34:58,790
in everything but name.
又有影响力的首都

454
00:34:59,630 --> 00:35:03,589
The United States proclaims high ideals of equality, liberty and justice,
美国是为拥公平，自由和公义的国家

455
00:35:03,768 --> 00:35:04,928
but can be overbearing
但要达至目标

456
00:35:05,103 --> 00:35:07,128
in the pursuit of its goals.
亦难免有所行动

457
00:35:09,207 --> 00:35:11,573
In Washington's imposing neoclassical builders,
华盛顿强增新古典主义建筑

458
00:35:11,742 --> 00:35:13,334
power brokers deliberate
有权力的经纪

459
00:35:13,511 --> 00:35:15,479
over the fate of nations.
决定了整个国家的命运

460
00:35:16,948 --> 00:35:18,939
But none of these, not even the White House,
但以上种种，甚至连白宫

461
00:35:19,117 --> 00:35:20,345
is my treasure.
都并不列入我的珍宝之一

462
00:35:20,718 --> 00:35:23,346
Instead I've chosen a building which is, in my view,
而我更选了一座在我眼中

463
00:35:23,521 --> 00:35:27,821
a much more potent symbol of nationhood and independence.
更能代表对国家状态和独立的建筑

464
00:35:30,728 --> 00:35:33,356
It lies about a hundred miles south-west of Washington,
它位于华盛顿西南一百里

465
00:35:33,531 --> 00:35:36,728
in the small Virginian town of Charlottesville.
位于弗吉尼亚小镇夏洛茨维尔

466
00:35:45,510 --> 00:35:48,308
Monticello was designed and built in the late 18th century
蒙蒂塞洛于18世纪末

467
00:35:48,479 --> 00:35:50,071
by America's third president and
由美国第三任总统设计和建造

468
00:35:50,248 --> 00:35:54,446
one its most revered founding fathers, Thomas Jefferson.
他也是位极尊崇的建国元老杰斐逊

469
00:35:55,353 --> 00:35:57,651
He drafted the Declaration of lndependence,
他起草独立宣言

470
00:35:57,822 --> 00:36:00,552
which proclaimed that all men are equal
宣称人人平等

471
00:36:00,725 --> 00:36:06,163
and laid down man's right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.
确立生存、自由和追求幸福的权利

472
00:36:09,834 --> 00:36:10,858
His home is not huge,
他的故居地方不大

473
00:36:11,035 --> 00:36:16,337
but it reveals more about the early history of the United States than any other building.
体现的美国早期历史却非比寻常

474
00:36:17,108 --> 00:36:22,876
Monticello's a declaration of independence, American independence, in bricks and mortar.
蒙蒂塞洛乃砖石砌的美国独立宣言

475
00:36:23,047 --> 00:36:28,144
It's an affirmation of national identity, a symbol for the new nation.
确立国家身份，象征一个新国家

476
00:36:28,319 --> 00:36:33,279
Thomas Jefferson wanted to create a new architecture for this new land,
杰斐逊在新天地创造新建筑

477
00:36:33,457 --> 00:36:37,518
an architecture which summed up the aspirations of the people.
概括人民的理想抱负

478
00:36:38,362 --> 00:36:41,354
And he did this by fusing different architectures -
于是糅合了不同建筑风格：

479
00:36:41,532 --> 00:36:43,124
Italian Renaissance architecture -
意大利文艺复兴建筑

480
00:36:43,301 --> 00:36:44,734
- English 1 8th century architecture,
18世纪英国建筑

481
00:36:44,902 --> 00:36:49,032
and above all, French 1 8th century architecture.
为首是18世纪法国建筑

482
00:36:49,373 --> 00:36:51,773
All these architectural styles were classical,
几种都是古典风格

483
00:36:51,943 --> 00:36:56,505
and in the late 1 8th century classicism has a very particular meaning.
在18世纪末，古典主义别有深意

484
00:36:57,048 --> 00:36:58,572
In newly-born republican France,
在新诞生的法国共和国内

485
00:36:58,749 --> 00:37:00,774
it had come to stand for revolution
它代表革命

486
00:37:00,952 --> 00:37:04,854
and the ideals of equality, liberty and fraternity.
平等、自由和博爱的理想

487
00:37:06,591 --> 00:37:12,188
Those great inspirational moments when people are free of the tyranny of kings and princes,
人民摆脱君王暴政

488
00:37:12,363 --> 00:37:14,797
free to express themselves as individuals,
自由表达自我的时刻振奋人心

489
00:37:14,966 --> 00:37:18,367
and that is what this building is meant to represent.
也就是这座建筑所要传达的理想

490
00:37:27,311 --> 00:37:30,178
Now, the entrance hall, like the exterior,
门廊跟外面一样

491
00:37:30,348 --> 00:37:33,476
has a very particular and powerful meaning.
有特殊含义

492
00:37:33,651 --> 00:37:38,145
A meaning to do with the new nation of the United States.
与新生的美国有关

493
00:37:38,789 --> 00:37:41,349
Jefferson called this his lndian hall,
杰斐逊唤之“印第安厅”

494
00:37:41,525 --> 00:37:45,393
because he embellished it with lndian artefacts along
摆放了印第安工艺

495
00:37:45,563 --> 00:37:49,624
with other artefacts and objects from this great new promised land -
还有这片希望之乡的其他物品

496
00:37:49,800 --> 00:37:55,568
to make it clear that it had a unique very powerful individual identity.
赋予它鲜明的独立身份

497
00:37:55,940 --> 00:38:00,707
As you walk around, it's clear how much Jefferson was inspired by European culture.
布置反映杰斐逊受欧洲文化影响

498
00:38:01,145 --> 00:38:06,515
But Monticello is more compact and practical than grand and ostentatious.
精巧实用，不尚虚华富丽

499
00:38:07,051 --> 00:38:11,715
And also on the ground floor Jefferson's own private world.
地下是杰斐逊的私人天地

500
00:38:11,889 --> 00:38:17,054
He wanted to make this house convenient and comfortable as well as a political statement.
他要家居方便舒适，配合政治立场

501
00:38:17,228 --> 00:38:19,822
And so here he has this bed alcove.
这是他的寝室

502
00:38:19,997 --> 00:38:21,658
So he gets into bed this side.
在这边上床

503
00:38:22,300 --> 00:38:27,203
So morning cock crows, up comes Jefferson -
天明鸡啼，杰斐逊起来

504
00:38:27,571 --> 00:38:29,630
and steps straight into his study.
下床便是书房

505
00:38:30,007 --> 00:38:33,340
Practical chap, can get on with his scientific experiment,
实际的人，马上投入科学实验

506
00:38:33,511 --> 00:38:37,971
and all the time one sees emerging in this house this new nation,
这房子和这新国家

507
00:38:38,149 --> 00:38:40,447
with all its power, with all its complexity,
大权在握，国事错综复杂

508
00:38:40,618 --> 00:38:43,143
with all its contradictions of course.
当然包含许多矛盾

509
00:38:47,825 --> 00:38:50,487
Monticello with its 5,000 acre estate
蒙蒂塞洛有五千英亩庄园

510
00:38:50,661 --> 00:38:53,255
offers an idyllic vision of the New World.
像新世界一片田园乐土

511
00:38:53,497 --> 00:38:56,125
A green and plentiful Arcadia.
绿油油的世外桃源

512
00:38:57,468 --> 00:39:02,531
But it has dark secrets that lie at the heart of the Great American Dream.
谁知美国梦隐藏黑暗秘密

513
00:39:05,176 --> 00:39:07,269
Despite his fine liberal pronouncements,
杰斐逊言论开明

514
00:39:07,445 --> 00:39:11,939
Jefferson supported the forcible removal of native American tribes from their land,
却支持驱赶美国土著离开原居地

515
00:39:12,116 --> 00:39:16,018
and exploited slave labour on his plantations at Monticello.
又在蒙蒂塞洛种植园内剥削奴隶

516
00:39:19,757 --> 00:39:21,588
When he died in 1809,
杰斐逊1809年过世

517
00:39:21,759 --> 00:39:26,389
Jefferson chose his beloved Monticello for his final resting place.
选择以蒙蒂塞洛为最后安息地

518
00:39:28,232 --> 00:39:31,497
The memorial bears testament to his proudest achievements,
纪念碑刻有他最骄人的成就

519
00:39:31,669 --> 00:39:36,697
including the Declaration of lndependence and the statue establishing religious freedom.
包括独立宣言和宗教自由的法令

520
00:39:38,542 --> 00:39:41,534
So those are great things, admirable things.
那些是教人景仰的伟大成就

521
00:39:41,712 --> 00:39:47,241
But of course there are other sides to the man. He was a paradox.
但这位名人有许多面，是个矛盾

522
00:39:47,685 --> 00:39:51,883
Even after he'd written the words that all men are created equal,
写下人生而平等之句后

523
00:39:52,056 --> 00:39:56,186
he kept slaves to serve his needs.
继续用奴隶服侍自己

524
00:39:56,360 --> 00:40:01,491
And I suppose in a way, one can say he was a victim of the age,
也许他也是时代的受害者

525
00:40:01,665 --> 00:40:06,602
despite his vision he was very much a man of the late 1 8th century.
虽有理想，终归是18世纪末人

526
00:40:06,771 --> 00:40:09,433
He liked the common man, but at a distance.
他爱平民，但要保持距离

527
00:40:09,607 --> 00:40:14,203
And in a way, the paradoxes, the flaws in his character,
这些矛盾，这些性格缺点

528
00:40:14,378 --> 00:40:20,044
are the flaws and paradoxes in the very nation which was involved in creating -
也是这个国家的矛盾和缺点

529
00:40:20,217 --> 00:40:26,781
a nation dedicated to freedom, to vision, to the expression of individual rights.
一个追求自由、理想和人权的国家

530
00:40:33,130 --> 00:40:36,395
Jefferson is revered as a hero by many Americans,
许多美国人奉杰斐逊为伟人

531
00:40:36,567 --> 00:40:39,627
but not all, as I find out when I talk to Ben Thomas,
但有例外，班托马斯就有异议

532
00:40:39,804 --> 00:40:43,501
who served as a marine corps sergeant in Vietnam.
他在越战期间当海军陆战队中士

533
00:40:45,309 --> 00:40:48,005
Well, I'll say, I'll say that he was a brilliant man.
我同意他是人中之杰

534
00:40:48,179 --> 00:40:54,084
But I also said that he helped write the Declaration of lndependence
他有份草拟独立宣言

535
00:40:54,251 --> 00:40:57,220
which said all men was created equal.
宣告人生而平等

536
00:40:57,388 --> 00:41:01,415
He forgot the clause they should have had in there, 'except black'.
却忘记补充“黑人例外”

537
00:41:01,759 --> 00:41:06,662
Because at that time he owned five thousand slaves, when he wrote it.
他草拟宣言时拥有五千名黑奴

538
00:41:08,265 --> 00:41:10,392
Jefferson is said to have fathered an illegitimate child
传闻杰斐逊有一名私生子

539
00:41:10,568 --> 00:41:13,298
with one of his slaves, Sally Hemmings.
母亲是黑奴萨莉亨明斯

540
00:41:13,471 --> 00:41:15,735
I asked Ben what he thinks about that.
我问班对此有何看法

541
00:41:16,707 --> 00:41:19,267
There was an engineer out at the airport -
机场有一名工程师

542
00:41:20,744 --> 00:41:26,011
and one day we was talking about Sally Hemmings and Thomas Jefferson,
那天我们谈及杰斐逊和萨莉亨明斯

543
00:41:26,183 --> 00:41:30,051
and President Clinton and Lewinsky.
还有克林顿总统和莱温斯基

544
00:41:30,387 --> 00:41:34,721
So he said, 'oh, they're both the same, they're both the same.'
他说：他们都一样，他们都一样

545
00:41:34,892 --> 00:41:37,224
So I said, 'l - I beg your pardon, my good man.'
我说：恕我不能苟同

546
00:41:37,394 --> 00:41:45,426
I said, 'the women that slept with Clinton did it because they wanted to,
跟克林顿睡的女人甘心情愿

547
00:41:45,603 --> 00:41:50,802
the women that slept with Thomas Jefferson had to because he owned them.'
跟杰斐逊睡的女人是服从主子

548
00:41:50,975 --> 00:41:56,003
That gentleman never spoke to me from that day until this very day.
那位工程师那天起再不理睬我

549
00:41:56,180 --> 00:41:58,375
He never spoke to me again.
至今再没跟我说话

550
00:42:00,851 --> 00:42:05,049
So it seems the contradictions and the broken promises of the American Dream
看来美国梦的矛盾与失落

551
00:42:05,222 --> 00:42:08,020
can be traced right back to Jefferson.
可上溯至杰斐逊

552
00:42:09,326 --> 00:42:10,918
By the time I reached Washington station,
我来到华盛顿车站时

553
00:42:11,095 --> 00:42:15,532
I hadn't slept for nearly 40 hours and I'm weary beyond words.
已近40小时没有睡，累得无法形容

554
00:42:16,767 --> 00:42:20,134
The constant travelling and long hours are catching up with me.
长时间的旅途奔波，体力不支

555
00:42:31,515 --> 00:42:36,214
But if there's one place which can reinvigorate me, it's my next port of call.
但下一个目的地可以让我恢复精力

556
00:42:42,493 --> 00:42:46,156
New York is one of the world's greatest and most vibrant cities.
纽约是一个朝气勃勃的大都会

557
00:42:46,363 --> 00:42:48,331
I arrive at my hotel after midnight.
我午夜后入住酒店

558
00:42:48,499 --> 00:42:52,492
My spirits perk up as I look out over the Queensborough bridge.
远望昆斯伯勒大桥马上精神抖擞

559
00:42:52,670 --> 00:42:56,333
I love this city. It feeds the body and the soul.
我爱纽约，这个城市滋养身心

560
00:43:18,929 --> 00:43:20,396
I'm off to see a treasure
我来参观的宝藏

561
00:43:20,564 --> 00:43:26,332
that represents the aspirations, the pride, the claims, the hopes of a nation,
代表美国理想、尊严、主张和希望

562
00:43:26,503 --> 00:43:29,370
a symbol recognised around the world.
一个举世认同的象征

563
00:43:29,540 --> 00:43:32,373
I want to see if it lives up to its reputation.
且看它是否名实相符

564
00:43:59,403 --> 00:44:03,305
The Statue of Liberty is one of the world's most famous icons.
自由神像是举世知名的标记

565
00:44:03,641 --> 00:44:07,600
Behind its kitsch image lie powerful truths.
庸俗外表下是不朽真理

566
00:44:08,646 --> 00:44:09,977
Like Jefferson's Monticello,
好比杰斐逊的蒙蒂塞洛

567
00:44:10,147 --> 00:44:16,052
it embodies so much of what is admirable and what is troubling about the United States.
体现美国可敬和可虑的一面

568
00:44:20,457 --> 00:44:23,824
She stands 47 metres high, hollow
自由神像身高47米，中空

569
00:44:23,994 --> 00:44:26,485
and inside is a spiral staircase,
内有螺旋梯

570
00:44:26,664 --> 00:44:29,758
and the idea was from the start that people would go up the staircase
原意是让人拾级而上

571
00:44:29,933 --> 00:44:35,098
and go into a viewing platform, just within - within her crown. Terrific.
上达皇冠内的观景台

572
00:44:35,272 --> 00:44:38,400
- And this in front of me is the door,
入口就在眼前

573
00:44:38,575 --> 00:44:42,011
the public door leading to the viewing platform.
这是通往观景台的大门

574
00:44:42,613 --> 00:44:45,707
But as you can see, it's closed.
大家看见了，大门紧闭

575
00:44:46,183 --> 00:44:48,413
And there are crowds of people here all wanting to get up.
外面群众都希望上去

576
00:44:48,585 --> 00:44:53,750
It's been closed since the attack of 9/1 1 on the World Trade Centre Tower,
但911，那边世贸中心遇袭后

577
00:44:53,924 --> 00:44:55,824
the twin towers just over there.
大门长关

578
00:44:56,493 --> 00:45:03,729
Sadly, there are no plans to reopen the spectacular staircase offering this terrific
可惜的是尚未有计划重开楼梯

579
00:45:03,901 --> 00:45:09,840
and tremendous view from the image of liberty over the great city of New York.
再让人由自由神像欣赏纽约市美景

580
00:45:11,275 --> 00:45:15,336
If this is to be a symbol of freedom and liberty, then it has to be just that.
若是做自由象征，就得自由到底

581
00:45:15,512 --> 00:45:21,041
The power to say, 'we are a free country -
要敢于说：我们是自由国家

582
00:45:21,585 --> 00:45:26,682
and we will operate as we intend this symbol to represent.'
本着雕像象征的精神运作下去

583
00:45:27,024 --> 00:45:29,754
But no, alas, it's closed down.
可惜事实不然，它关闭了

584
00:45:29,927 --> 00:45:30,859
Terror has won
恐怖主义得胜

585
00:45:31,028 --> 00:45:35,988
and the internal world of the statue is denied me and everybody else.
我与其他人都无缘深入自由神像

586
00:45:36,567 --> 00:45:37,659
Bad.
不应该

587
00:45:40,170 --> 00:45:45,107
It's a far cry from the spirit in which it was conceived in 1 865.
实在违背了1865年立像的精神

588
00:45:45,375 --> 00:45:47,070
A gift from France to the United States,
自由神像是由法国赠送给美国

589
00:45:47,244 --> 00:45:53,410
the statue was to celebrate the final abolition of slavery and the centenary of independence.
庆祝美国废除奴隶制和独立一百年

590
00:45:54,284 --> 00:45:57,776
The statue was designed by the sculptor, August Bartholdi
自由神像由雕塑家巴托尔迪

591
00:45:57,955 --> 00:46:00,822
and the engineer Gustave Eiffel.
联同工程师埃菲尔设计

592
00:46:01,725 --> 00:46:04,626
They built the colossus out of sheet copper beaten
用铜片打造成形

593
00:46:04,795 --> 00:46:08,162
and moulded over a steel and iron skeleton.
罩在钢铁支架上造像

594
00:46:08,799 --> 00:46:11,290
It was prefabricated in France in sections
在法国预制组件

595
00:46:11,468 --> 00:46:14,403
before being shipped to New York for assembly.
运来纽约装嵌

596
00:46:15,072 --> 00:46:17,905
It was supposed to be the great symbol of freedom,
原是自由象征

597
00:46:18,075 --> 00:46:21,203
but from day one was dogged by controversy.
但立像第一天便触发争议

598
00:46:21,512 --> 00:46:24,208
Suffragettes protested that if Liberty were a woman,
自由神像是女子，妇权份子质问：

599
00:46:24,381 --> 00:46:27,578
why do women have so few rights in America?
为何美国女性的权利寥寥可数？

600
00:46:28,852 --> 00:46:30,615
I suppose most troubling of all
我想最可悲者

601
00:46:30,788 --> 00:46:35,782
is the fact that when the statue was unveiled eventually in October 1886,
是自由神像于1886年10月揭幕时

602
00:46:35,959 --> 00:46:39,861
things had changed very radically for the worst in America.
美国的自由急剧恶化

603
00:46:41,431 --> 00:46:43,899
Draconian new immigration laws were brought in,
美国引入严苛的新移民法例

604
00:46:44,067 --> 00:46:45,432
keeping out the sick and the poor,
不欢迎病弱、穷人

605
00:46:45,602 --> 00:46:48,799
criminals, dissidents and Chinese labourers.
罪犯、异见份子和中国劳工

606
00:46:55,846 --> 00:46:59,680
People fleeing oppression and poverty were given the briefest glimpse of liberty
逃避镇压和贫苦的人

607
00:46:59,850 --> 00:47:03,342
as they arrived at Ellis lsland in the shadow of the statue.
在埃利斯岛对自由神像惊鸿一瞥

608
00:47:07,090 --> 00:47:10,457
Their dreams were cruelly crushed as they were turned away,
随即梦想粉碎，被拒入境

609
00:47:10,627 --> 00:47:13,061
often with families torn apart.
往往一家人给硬生生拆散

610
00:47:13,597 --> 00:47:16,760
Many did not make it back to their homelands alive.
许多命丧还乡路上

611
00:47:20,704 --> 00:47:26,006
I find the statue so enthralling because it embodies the paradox of America.
神像正好包罗了美国的矛盾

612
00:47:27,044 --> 00:47:32,744
She's certainly a very ingenious construction. Very elegant actually.
它构造精妙，形态优雅

613
00:47:33,250 --> 00:47:37,744
And of course she's one of this big family of colossal figures dating back to antiquity:
与古往今来许多巨像一脉相承

614
00:47:37,921 --> 00:47:41,516
the Colossus of Rhodes or many of those great images around the world.
罗得斯岛巨像以降的伟大雕像

615
00:47:41,692 --> 00:47:44,320
I've seen one already in Rio, Christ the Redeemer.
包括里约热内卢的基督像

616
00:47:44,494 --> 00:47:47,395
And she's certainly more handsome.
自由神像当然更加俊美

617
00:47:52,436 --> 00:47:54,700
I'm seeing her for what she is.
我看的是自由神像的本貌

618
00:47:54,938 --> 00:47:58,965
And she is a thing of beauty, if flawed, if there are many contradictions,
它代表美，只是有瑕疵有矛盾

619
00:47:59,576 --> 00:48:00,941
which there are.
不容否认

620
00:48:01,678 --> 00:48:04,203
What liberty? What liberty now?
自由何在？如今自由何在？

621
00:48:05,082 --> 00:48:09,951
But nevertheless, as an ideal, as an aspiration
无论如何，它代表的理想与抱负

622
00:48:10,988 --> 00:48:12,478
she is sublime.
确是至高无上

623
00:48:20,430 --> 00:48:25,094
In 1886 the Statue of Liberty must have seemed like a giant.
自由神像在1886年必定是硕大无朋

624
00:48:25,335 --> 00:48:27,098
All that was soon to change.
但它很快要退位

625
00:48:27,571 --> 00:48:30,870
The 20th century heralded an ambitious new age for America,
美国在20世纪迈进雄心勃勃新时代

626
00:48:31,041 --> 00:48:34,568
one which is encapsulated by my next treasure.
我下一项宝藏正好表现这年代

627
00:48:36,346 --> 00:48:40,715
When you think of the great modern cities, you picture a towering skyline.
想到现代城市，自然想到摩天大楼

628
00:48:41,051 --> 00:48:43,815
This brave new world started in New York and Chicago
这个勇敢新世界在百多年前

629
00:48:43,987 --> 00:48:45,887
more than a century ago.
始见于纽约和芝加哥

630
00:48:47,491 --> 00:48:50,585
Manhattan was to become the world's first vertical metropolis,
曼哈顿是全球首个向高空发展都会

631
00:48:50,761 --> 00:48:55,391
a showcase for the engineering miracle called the skyscraper.
是工程学奇迹摩天大厦的展览场

632
00:48:56,733 --> 00:48:59,224
The Statue of Liberty aspired to the American Dream,
自由神像启发美国梦

633
00:48:59,403 --> 00:49:02,031
but the skyscraper delivered it.
摩天大厦实践美国梦

634
00:49:02,906 --> 00:49:06,672
It has become the great symbol of commerce and Capitalism.
成为商业世界与资本主义的象征

635
00:49:12,983 --> 00:49:14,951
My next treasure is a skyscraper.
我选的宝藏是一楝摩天大厦

636
00:49:15,118 --> 00:49:19,646
My challenge is choosing one. There are so many contenders.
候选作品林立，选起来费煞思量

637
00:49:28,899 --> 00:49:33,268
The Flatiron Building is the best of New York's early skyscrapers.
熨斗大厦是早期摩天大厦代表作

638
00:49:33,437 --> 00:49:37,168
Completed in 1 902 to designs of D. H. Burnham,
由伯纳姆设计，1902年落成

639
00:49:37,341 --> 00:49:40,037
it has a pioneering steel frame construction,
是钢架建筑的先驱

640
00:49:40,210 --> 00:49:47,446
but outside it's clad in stone and made to look rather like an extruded ltalianate palazzo.
外铺石墙，像压扁了的意大利宫殿

641
00:49:47,784 --> 00:49:49,809
Rather charming, also rather odd.
相当迷人，标奇立异

642
00:49:49,987 --> 00:49:51,852
But it's not my treasure.
但我选中的宝藏不是它

643
00:50:01,465 --> 00:50:02,989
For many, the Chrysler building
许多人把佳士拿大厦

644
00:50:03,166 --> 00:50:05,634
embodies the golden age of the skyscraper,
奉为摩天大厦黄金时代的杰作

645
00:50:05,802 --> 00:50:11,604
when art deco was the style of choice for the image-conscious magnates of Manhattan.
当时装饰艺术派在曼哈顿风行一时

646
00:50:18,648 --> 00:50:21,640
The Empire State building and the Chrysler building,
帝国大厦和佳士拿大厦

647
00:50:21,818 --> 00:50:23,911
both completed in the late 1920s,
均是落成于1920年代后期

648
00:50:24,087 --> 00:50:26,988
are icons of skyscraper design.
是摩天大厦设计的典范

649
00:50:27,157 --> 00:50:31,560
They are technically superb, both with massive steel frames,
建造技术卓越的大型钢架建筑

650
00:50:31,728 --> 00:50:33,855
constructed very, very quickly indeed,
建造时间极短

651
00:50:34,031 --> 00:50:38,900
yet over this modern steel frame there is still a veneer of history.
但现代钢架依然披上历史外衣

652
00:50:39,069 --> 00:50:41,629
They still pay homage to the past.
向古代致敬

653
00:50:41,838 --> 00:50:44,898
The Chrysler even with gargoyles.
佳士拿大厦甚至有怪兽状滴水

654
00:50:47,144 --> 00:50:51,103
They are superb but they're not my treasures.
它们都是杰作，但并非我选的宝藏

655
00:50:59,122 --> 00:51:01,022
In fact, this is my treasure.
这一楝才是我心中之选

656
00:51:01,191 --> 00:51:04,251
It's not the tallest at only 39 stories high,
它并非最高，只有39层

657
00:51:04,428 --> 00:51:07,989
nor is it the oldest. It dates from the unfashionable '50s.
也不是最老，是1950年代作品

658
00:51:08,165 --> 00:51:11,066
Yet I adore the Seagram building.
可我就欣赏西格拉姆大厦

659
00:51:15,672 --> 00:51:18,607
Now many people will be surprised, even shocked that
许多人很讶异我会选上它

660
00:51:18,775 --> 00:51:23,109
I've chosen this rather than the Flatiron building, the Chrysler building -
却舍弃熨斗大厦或佳士拿大厦

661
00:51:23,280 --> 00:51:24,804
or the Empire State building.
或帝国大厦

662
00:51:24,981 --> 00:51:28,417
But for me, this is where those buildings were leading.
然而我认为它是后三者的延续

663
00:51:28,585 --> 00:51:34,353
This is a quintessence of skyscraper commercial design.
它集合了摩天大厦商业设计的精髓

664
00:51:34,524 --> 00:51:36,788
An amazing object.
了不起的设计

665
00:51:37,494 --> 00:51:40,588
It's an honest, ruthless, elegant expression -
风格坦率、直接而优雅

666
00:51:40,764 --> 00:51:45,224
- of its means of construction, materials of construction, and of its use.
表现建筑方式、建材和其运用

667
00:51:46,770 --> 00:51:48,101
The Seagram building was designed by
西格拉姆大厦的设计者

668
00:51:48,271 --> 00:51:51,104
the German architect Ludovic Mies van der Rohe,
是德国建筑师密斯范德罗厄

669
00:51:51,274 --> 00:51:54,801
who emigrated to the United States in 1937.
他在1937年移民到美国

670
00:51:56,446 --> 00:52:01,110
Mies preached simplicity and clarity, but he did not stint on costs.
密斯崇尚简洁，但不惜工本

671
00:52:01,284 --> 00:52:04,685
His masterpiece has specially-tinted glass to reduce glare
用特制的有色玻璃减少强光

672
00:52:04,855 --> 00:52:08,723
and its steel frame was clad on the outside with bronze.
另钢架包铜

673
00:52:09,259 --> 00:52:15,289
This made the Seagram, per square metre, the most expensive skyscraper of its time.
以平方米计，是当时最昂贵的大厦

674
00:52:17,300 --> 00:52:19,700
The building is set in its own small square,
大厦位处小广场内

675
00:52:19,870 --> 00:52:22,805
to give it maximum light and unlimited views.
光线充足，景观无阻

676
00:52:22,973 --> 00:52:27,239
Unlike traditional New York skyscrapers, which rose up from the pavement's edge
传统的纽约摩天大厦建在行人路旁

677
00:52:27,410 --> 00:52:30,379
to form dark, canyon-like streets.
令街头暗黑，宛如峡谷

678
00:52:36,486 --> 00:52:38,078
Although the building doesn't have any obvious
大厦表面看不出

679
00:52:38,255 --> 00:52:42,316
or superficial references to past historical styles of architecture,
古建筑风尚

680
00:52:42,492 --> 00:52:46,121
Mies was deeply influenced by architectural history,
其实密斯深受建筑史影响

681
00:52:46,296 --> 00:52:51,563
particularly by the rational constructional systems of Greece and Rome.
特别是希腊和罗马的理性建构

682
00:52:51,735 --> 00:52:56,468
He loved columns supporting entablatures, vertical and horizontal.
爱用柱承梁的横直组合

683
00:52:56,640 --> 00:53:00,906
And you get that here, on the entrance. His columns, this great horizontal element above.
大门立柱，上面是横向元素

684
00:53:01,077 --> 00:53:08,245
And the curtain walling, which is this glass skin over the steel frames inside.
玻璃幕墙包着钢架

685
00:53:08,418 --> 00:53:09,510
Very rational.
非常理性

686
00:53:09,719 --> 00:53:13,917
Simply curtain wall is like a curtain wrapped round the structural frame -
幕墙是薕幕，包围着架构

687
00:53:14,090 --> 00:53:16,388
not structural itself, simply hung there.
不属于构造，只是轻轻挂着

688
00:53:16,560 --> 00:53:17,652
Incredible detailing.
细节丰富

689
00:53:17,827 --> 00:53:23,265
I love these little steel l-section columns that brace up the whole curtain wall there.
工字柱支撑整幅幕墙

690
00:53:23,433 --> 00:53:24,923
Now inside.
再看里面

691
00:53:41,851 --> 00:53:46,379
The entrance hall. Absolutely fascinating. Very revealing.
入口大堂已尽现风格

692
00:53:46,556 --> 00:53:50,151
This is bold simplicity, very vocal simplicity.
简洁得干脆，简洁得彻底

693
00:53:50,327 --> 00:53:54,354
Mies said, 'less is more.' And this is it.
密斯说过：简单就是丰富

694
00:53:54,598 --> 00:53:58,932
Just beauty coming from the simplest of forms.
美来自最简单的形态

695
00:53:59,102 --> 00:54:03,732
He got to the essence of things, stripped back, inspired by history,
他直取事物精髓，往历史取灵感

696
00:54:03,907 --> 00:54:07,741
but he wanted to get to the central qualities of history.
但要挖出历史的核心质素

697
00:54:07,911 --> 00:54:10,846
He loved classical proportions, golden section,
他欣赏古典比例、黄金分割

698
00:54:11,014 --> 00:54:12,777
root two, two to one proportion.
二的开方，二比一比例

699
00:54:12,949 --> 00:54:18,182
Those things he believed would give power and memory to the most simple of spaces.
认为可赋予最简单空间力量和印象

700
00:54:18,355 --> 00:54:20,186
And here we see it in his entrance hall.
在这个大堂可见一斑

701
00:54:20,357 --> 00:54:23,690
A powerful space achieved simply by proportion.
纯以比例营造强而有力空间

702
00:54:23,860 --> 00:54:28,229
No obvious overlay of grandeur or history. I love it.
没有表面的华贵或历史

703
00:54:28,498 --> 00:54:32,264
One, two, three, four simple lift doors, punched in the wall,
墙上开一、二、三、四道升降机门

704
00:54:32,435 --> 00:54:36,394
but of a beautiful proportion with incredibly simple detailing.
完美的比例，出色的简单细节

705
00:54:36,573 --> 00:54:41,169
That's what it's about. Power through simplicity. Less is more.
用简单营造力量，简单就是丰富

706
00:54:41,344 --> 00:54:42,902
God in the detail.
细节的主宰

707
00:55:00,163 --> 00:55:01,221
38.


708
00:55:01,665 --> 00:55:03,530
38th floor. Astonishing lift.
38楼，升降机同样设计出色

709
00:55:03,700 --> 00:55:08,467
This dates apparently from 1958, when the building was complete. Incredible.
1958年大厦落成时沿用至今

710
00:55:08,638 --> 00:55:10,230
Oh my goodness, extraordinary dazzle pattern,
老天，这些图案叫人目眩

711
00:55:10,407 --> 00:55:13,376
but here we see Mies' sort of high tech.
密斯用了高科技

712
00:55:13,710 --> 00:55:17,441
This is almost 50 years old, this interior,
升降机内部是近50年前的设计

713
00:55:17,614 --> 00:55:20,447
and it's so modern, pioneering, cutting edge, still.
却依然有走在时代尖端的感觉

714
00:55:20,617 --> 00:55:23,609
That's the thing, when you get to the essence of things it's timeless isn't it?
大抵事物精髓是永不过时的吧？

715
00:55:23,787 --> 00:55:30,124
Beautiful detail here. Everything's thought out and reduced to the functional essence.
细节精巧，锐意精简至功能至上

716
00:55:30,293 --> 00:55:34,252
I love this, it's all steel and copper. Dramatic.
我好欣赏，钢铜相配

717
00:55:35,765 --> 00:55:37,824
Peep into each floor. So here we go.
每上一层都发声，到了

718
00:55:38,234 --> 00:55:41,169
Level 38, the top of the building more or less.
38楼，差不多是顶层了

719
00:55:43,606 --> 00:55:45,198
The floor is currently unoccupied
这一层暂时空置

720
00:55:45,375 --> 00:55:48,776
and it shows off the benefits of this type of building.
把这种大厦的优点表露无遗

721
00:55:54,984 --> 00:55:58,943
Now, this is the great thing about metal framed buildings, they're very flexible.
金属架建筑的好处是灵活有弹性

722
00:55:59,122 --> 00:56:03,957
All the loads are carried on columns and one can have partitions like this put in and moved around.
重量由柱承担，间隔随意变动

723
00:56:04,127 --> 00:56:05,526
They're not structural.
无损结构

724
00:56:05,695 --> 00:56:07,754
This one has a great, as I say, open plan.
这是开放式设计

725
00:56:07,931 --> 00:56:13,267
Very good sort of thing for all sorts of different uses.
适合五花八门的用途

726
00:56:13,436 --> 00:56:21,571
And ah, vindicated really. Light flooding in and terrific views out.
光线充足，外望无敌景观

727
00:56:21,745 --> 00:56:23,542
The whole point, as I said before,
我刚才提过

728
00:56:23,713 --> 00:56:28,844
of this sort of architecture with the curtain walling being entirely glazed,
这种玻璃幕墙设计

729
00:56:29,018 --> 00:56:33,614
one has glass from floor to ceiling and no wall,
地下至天花整块玻璃，没有墙壁

730
00:56:33,790 --> 00:56:38,227
because the - the structure is being carried on the columns back there,
因为重量由后面的柱承担

731
00:56:38,395 --> 00:56:40,761
or the occasional columns, there's one over there.
或是那边的柱

732
00:56:40,930 --> 00:56:45,162
So I say - here we go, the whole point of a building like this,
这类建筑的优点

733
00:56:45,335 --> 00:56:49,738
Iight flooding in, terrific views out.
就是光线充足，景观开扬

734
00:56:58,715 --> 00:57:01,240
The skyscraper reached its apogee in Manhattan.
摩天大厦在纽约达登峰造极境界

735
00:57:01,418 --> 00:57:06,253
But somewhere along the line the bold and ethical vision of building cities in the skies
城市高空发展原是大胆正面的理想

736
00:57:06,423 --> 00:57:08,948
has been lost and confused.
只是理想渐见迷失

737
00:57:19,636 --> 00:57:23,128
Skyscrapers are part of a - an urban ideal,
摩天大厦是城市理想的一部份

738
00:57:23,306 --> 00:57:27,834
part of a vision of a futuristic city of towers.
建构未来的大厦之都

739
00:57:28,044 --> 00:57:31,878
They were meant to harness technology to help man,
原意是驾驭科技协助人类

740
00:57:32,048 --> 00:57:38,783
they were to realise high rise housing giving working people light,
建高楼安置劳动人口

741
00:57:38,955 --> 00:57:42,220
healthy area homes with a great prospect,
提供明亮、健康、有前景的住宅

742
00:57:42,392 --> 00:57:48,695
or they're meant to provide commercial space in tight city centres.
或是在逼迫闹市提供商业用地

743
00:57:48,865 --> 00:57:52,665
But the vision was betrayed.
无奈理想变质

744
00:57:53,369 --> 00:57:58,136
The high rise housing became housing hells, terrible ghettos.
高楼大厦变成地狱窝居

745
00:57:58,908 --> 00:58:03,038
And office blocks really became images of commercial greed.
商厦沦落为商界敛财的象征

746
00:58:03,213 --> 00:58:09,618
So towers have become symbols of all that's wrong with modern urban living.
大厦成了都市生活弊端的象征

747
00:58:13,089 --> 00:58:18,117
Most of my treasures in North America were born from worthy principles and high ideals
我选的北美宝藏无不源自崇高理念

748
00:58:18,294 --> 00:58:20,990
and ended up being compromised.
到头来都变了质

749
00:58:22,198 --> 00:58:26,294
And today this nation, conceived in the battle for liberty and democracy,
生于一场自由民主之战的美国

750
00:58:26,469 --> 00:58:29,165
offers a divided world a stark choice:
现在向分歧世界提出苛刻要求：

751
00:58:29,339 --> 00:58:34,038
accept the American way or face the consequences.
接受美国方式，不然后果自负